Arabic Teaching and Learning Research in Non-Arabic-Speaking Countries: a Bibliometric Analysis

This landmark volume offers an introduction to the field of teaching Arabic as a foreign or second language. Recent growth in student numbers and the demand for new and more diverse Arabic language programs of instruction have created a need that has outpaced the ability of teacher preparation programs to provide sufficient numbers of well-qualified professional teachers at the level of skill required. Arabic language program administrators anticipate that the increases in enrollment will continue into the next decades. More resources and more varied materials are seriously needed in Arabic teacher education and training. The goal of this Handbook is to address that need.The most significant feature of this volume is its pioneer role in approaching the field of Arabic language teaching from many different perspectives. It offers readers the opportunity to consider the role, status, and content of Arabic language teaching in the world today. The Handbook is intended as a resource to be used in building Arabic language and teacher education programs and in guiding future academic research. Thirty-four chapters authored by leaders in the field are organized around nine themes: Background of Arabic Language Teaching; Contexts of Arabic Language Teaching; Communicative Competence in Arabic; The Learners; Assessment; Technology Applications; Curriculum Development, Design, and Models; Arabic Language Program Administration and Management; and Planning for the Future of Arabic Language Learning and Teaching. The Handbook for Arabic Language Teaching Professionals in the 21st Century will benefit and be welcomed by Arabic language teacher educators and trainers, administrators, graduate students, and scholars around the world. It is intended to create dialogue among scholars and professionals in the field and in related fields--dialogue that will contribute to creating new models for curriculum and course design, materials and assessment tools, and ultimately, better instructional effectiveness for all Arabic learners everywhere, in both Arabic-speaking and non-Arabic speaking countries.

Although technology-assisted Arabic language learning has attracted increasing scholarly attention, research specifically examining the use of the Wayground application to support Arabic grammar learning in higher education remains limited. This study aimed to explore the implementation of the Wayground application in Arabic language learning and its contribution to improving students’ understanding of Arabic grammar at Nahdlatul Ulama University of Purwokerto. A qualitative approach was employed using a descriptive case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the use of the Wayground application increased students’ engagement, supported interactive learning, and facilitated a clearer understanding of Arabic grammar concepts through technology-based activities. These findings contribute to the theoretical development of technology-enhanced language learning and broaden understanding of digital media integration in Arabic language education. The study concludes that the Wayground application plays an important role in fostering an engaging and effective Arabic language learning environment and recommends the integration of technology-based platforms to strengthen grammar instruction in higher education. The study further offers practical implications for optimizing digital learning tools and highlights the need for future research on the long-term effects of digital applications on Arabic language proficiency and learning outcomes.

Arabic language learning textbooks have fulfilled the elements of the learning system. However, the textbooks for Arabic language learning are considered inadequate to meet students' needs and contemporary social changes. This article describes the analysis of al-mahārah al-kalām material in the Madrasah Aliyah (MA) class XII Arabic language textbook published by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion based on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) guidelines. This research uses research procedures and qualitative methods. Based on a content analysis approach, this research seeks to reveal al-mahārah al-kalām learning materials for class XII MA students. al-Mahārah al-kalām was chosen as the object of study because Arabic speaking skills are highly important in a person's motivation to learn Arabic. The data analysis technique used in this research follows the content analysis method, which emphasizes a set of procedures for making valid inferences from text. Methodically, the analysis used in this research is qualitative content analysis in discourse analysis, semiotic analysis, and hermeneutic analysis. This research found three things, namely (1) the use of ACTFL as a basis for standardizing Arabic textbooks necessitates harmonization of textbook material, which so far has not been fully oriented towards ACTFL; (2) confirmation of the standardization of Arabic language learning based-on ACTFL has an impact on restructuring the curriculum for Arabic language learning. ACTFL standardization is also seen as an effort to increase Arabic language mastery globally and (3) redefinition of Arabic language learning using teaching materials for class XII MA students. This redefinition is possible to prepare students to enter the higher education market at a global level. This research confirms the significance of using ACTFL in preparing Arabic language learning textbooks at all levels of Islamic education. Future research can utilize ACTFL to analyze various basic Arabic language skills, especially in each Islamic education unit and Islamic boarding school education. Keywords: Analysis, Speaking skill, Textbook, ACTFL Abstrak Kehadiran buku ajar pembelajaran bahasa Arab dalam beberapa hal dianggap telah memenuhi unsur-unsur sistem pembelajaran, namun demikian buku-buku ajar yang saat ini berlaku dianggap kurang memadai lagi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan siswa dan kontemporarisasi perubahan sosial. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan tentang analisis materi al-mahārah al-kalām dalam buku ajar bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah (MA) kelas XII yang diterbitkan oleh Kementerian Agama RI berdasarkan pedoman American Council on The Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). Penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur dan cara kerja penelitian kualitatif. Dengan mendasarkan pada pendekatan content analysis, penelitian ini berupaya mengungkap materi-materi pembalajaran al-mahārah al-kalām untuk siswa MA kelas XII. al-Mahārah al-kalām dipilih sebagai objek kajian dengan pertimbangan bahwa keterampilan berbicara bahasa Arab memiliki posisi yang tinggi dari sudut motivasi seseorang belajar bahasa Arab. Teknik anlisis data yang digunakan penelitian ini mengikuti prosedur metode content analysis yang menekankan seperangkat prosedur untuk membuat inferensi yang valid dari teks. Secara metodis, analisis yang digunakan penelitian ini yaitu analisis isi kualitatif, berupa analisis wacana, analisis semiotik dan analisis hermeneutika. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga temuan, yaitu (1) penggunaan ACTFL sebagai basis standarisasi buku ajar bahasa Arab meniscayakan penyelarasan-penyelarasan materi buku ajar yang selama ini belum sepenuhnya beroirientasi pada ACTFL; (2) konfirmasi standarisasi pembelajaran bahasa Arab berbasis ACTFL berdampak pada penyusunan ulang kurikulum untuk pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Standarisasi ACTFL juga dipandang sebagai upaya peningkatan penguasaan bahasa Arab dalam konteks global; dan (3) redefinisi terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang menggunakan bahan ajar untuk siswa kelas XII MA. Redefinisi ini dimungkinkan dilakukan untuk menyiapkan peserta didik memasuki pasar perguruan tinggi pada tataran global. Hasil penelitian ini mengonfirmasi tentang signifikansi penggunaan ACTFL dalam penyusunan buku ajar pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada semua jenjang pendidikan Islam. Penelitian berikutnya dapat memanfaatkan penggunaan ACTFL sebagai basis analisis pada berbagai kemampuan dasar bahasa Arab, terutama pada setiap satuan pendidikan Islam dan pendidikan pesantren. Kata Kunci: Analisis, al-Mahārah al-Kalām, Buku Ajar, ACTFL

Implementation of animation as an Arabic language teaching aid is an innovation in creating an atmosphere that can influence student achievement. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the use of animation in Arabic language teaching and learning among diploma students at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 66 diploma students were randomly selected and divided into experimental group (n = 33) and control group (n = 33). The results obtained from the data collected from pre-and post-test for each group were analyzed using t-test in SPSS version 17.0. The results showed a significant difference of (t = 8789, df = 64, p <0.05) between the achievement of the experimental group and the control group in the post test. The difference in mean score of the experimental group and the control group was 33.03. This shows that there is significant improvement in Arabic language according to the groups. The difference prove that the use of animation in learning sessions contribute to the achievement of students in the Arabic language. This study advocate the idea that animation applications can be integrated as part of language teaching aid to positively improve student achievement, classroom learning environment and student motivation.

The curriculum serves as the foundation of education in Indonesia, continually evolving to meet the changing needs of students. The Merdeka Curriculum emerges as a solution to meet these needs. This research aims to identify the problems that arise in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Arabic language learning and to provide solutions that can enhance the effectiveness of its implementation. This study uses a literature review method to analyze relevant literature in the context of implementing the Merdeka Curriculum in Arabic language learning in Indonesia. Data were obtained from various literature sources, including scientific journals, articles, and research reports. The results show that the Merdeka Curriculum in Arabic language education in Indonesia faces problems due to limited resources, teacher skills, and curriculum adjustments, which can be addressed by improving facilities, enhancing teacher training, integrating technology and active learning, and increasing community involvement.

This literature review investigates the impact of digital technology on Arabic language learning, highlighting both its positive effects and challenges. The integration of digital tools has significantly enhanced accessibility, enabling a broader audience to engage in learning, including those in remote areas or unable to attend in-person classes. Digital technology has democratized education, providing diverse and flexible learning opportunities. However, the use of digital technology in Arabic language learning also faces several challenges. Technical issues, such as unstable internet connections and server problems, can disrupt the learning process. Additionally, there is a risk of technology misuse, including the spread of misinformation and the improper use of social media. Despite these challenges, the positive outcomes, such as increased accessibility and the potential for personalized learning experiences, underscore the transformative potential of digital technology in Arabic language education. This review aims to provide insights into current trends, assess the outcomes of digital integration, and explore future directions for enhancing language education in the digital era. The findings suggest a balanced approach, addressing technical challenges while leveraging the benefits of digital tools, to optimize the learning experience and ensure the effective teaching of Arabic in the digital era. This research is expected to assist various parties in gaining different perspectives.

<p style="text-align: justify;">In a multicultural educational environment, stereotypes and prejudices can be challenges that affect the effectiveness of learning, including in Arabic language education. Naatiq International Arabic Course Pare Kediri, as an Arabic language learning center that accommodates students from various cultural backgrounds, faces complex social dynamics. This study aims to identify the forms of stereotypes and prejudices that occur in Arabic language education at the Naatiq International Arabiyah Course Pare Kediri, analyze the causal factors, and formulate effective strategies to overcome these problems. The research method used is a qualitative approach with observation and interview techniques. The results of this study are that to overcome stereotypes and prejudices in multicultural education at the Naatiq International Arabiyah Course Pare Kediri, they not only adhere to knowledge and introduction to Arabic culture through the cultural introduction curriculum but also dare to speak and socialize with each other in discussions between classes to make it comfortable to learn without fear of making mistakes in pronouncing the language. So that Arabic language learning will be absorbed and cultural introduction will be more easily accepted. on the concept that differences in culture, ethnicity, and background are riches that enrich learning, not threats.</p>

Arabic language learning continues to face challenges related to surface-level instructional practices that emphasize memorization and structural mastery, often failing to foster learners’ awareness, meaning-making, and meaningful learning experiences. In response to shallow learning, the concept of deep learning has emerged in contemporary educational discourse; however, it has largely been developed within Western cognitive frameworks that tend to overlook the spiritual dimension of human learning. This article aims to analyze the concept of deep learning from a Qur’anic perspective through the framework of Mindful, Meaningful, and Joyful Learning and to examine its implications for Arabic language education. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a library research design. The data sources include selected Qur’anic verses related to learning, classical and contemporary Qur’anic exegesis, and relevant educational literature. Data were analyzed using a thematic–interpretative approach. The findings indicate that Qur’anic deep learning constitutes a holistic learning process that begins with awareness-based learning grounded in reason (mindful learning), progresses toward meaning-making grounded in the spiritual dimension (meaningful learning), and culminates in spiritual happiness rooted in the heart (joyful learning). These three dimensions are integrative and form a unified, transformative learning process. The implications of this study suggest that Arabic language learning should be reoriented from purely technical-linguistic approaches toward learning experiences that cultivate learners’ awareness, deep understanding, and spiritual joy. This article contributes theoretically by offering a Qur’anic-based framework of deep learning and provides a conceptual foundation for more holistic and meaningful Arabic language education.

The implementation of the "Merdeka Curriculum" (Independent Curriculum) in Arabic language learning at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pangkep aims to foster student-centred learning, promote autonomy, and align education with the needs of 21st-century skills. This study examines how the Merdeka Curriculum is applied in Arabic language instruction, focusing on planning, methods, and evaluation processes. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis at selected Madrasahs. The findings reveal that the curriculum emphasises flexibility in lesson design, integrating Arabic with religious and cultural contexts, and using diverse teaching strategies, such as project-based learning and thematic approaches. Teachers must develop materials that suit students' interests and abilities while maintaining the curriculum's core competencies. However, limited resources and teacher readiness still hinder optimal implementation. This study highlights the importance of training and support systems to enhance the effectiveness of the Merdeka Curriculum in Arabic language education.

This study aims to collect and review information about various studies that discuss critical thinking skills in Arabic language education journals throughout Indonesia in the 2020-2023 period. A qualitative research approach with a literature method was used. This study answers questions about the trend of critical thinking skills research from the number of studies per year, research design, treatment used, measurement instruments, data analysis techniques, and an overview of the series of studies that researchers have conducted. The data analysis technique used content analysis. The results showed increased publications discussing critical thinking skills, although it has yet to become Indonesia's primary trend in Arabic language learning. The study also identified the dominance of qualitative research, research subjects that tend to be MA and undergraduate students, and measurement instruments involving observation sheets, tests, interviews, and documentation. In addition, the articles were generally published in accredited journals, indicating the quality and credibility of the research. Recommendations for future research include increasing quantitative research, classroom action research (PTK), and development research (R&D), as well as involving a wider range of research subjects and varising research designs. This study provides in-depth insights related to critical thinking skills research in the context of Arabic language learning in Indonesia. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan mengkaji informasi tentang berbagai penelitian yang membahas keterampilan berpikir kritis pada jurnal pendidikan bahasa Arab se-Indonesia pada periode 2020-2023. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan digunakan. Penelitian ini menjawab pertanyaan tentang tren penelitian keterampilan berpikir kritis dari aspek jumlah penelitian pertahun, desain penelitian, perlakuan yang digunakan, instrumen pengukuran, teknik analisis data, dan gambaran rangkaian penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh para peneliti. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah publikasi yang membahas keterampilan berpikir kritis, meskipun belum menjadi tren utama dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi dominasi penelitian kualitatif, subjek penelitian yang cenderung pada siswa MA dan mahasiswa strata 1, serta instrumen pengukuran yang melibatkan lembar observasi, tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Selain itu, artikel-artikel tersebut umumnya diterbitkan di jurnal-jurnal terakreditasi, menunjukkan kualitas dan kredibilitas penelitian. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya mencakup peningkatan penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), dan penelitian pengembangan (R&D), serta melibatkan subjek penelitian yang lebih luas dan varisasi desain penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mendalam terkait penelitian keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Indonesia.

The study aims to analyze publication trends related to the use of technology in Arabic language education from 2008 to 2024. In today's fast-growing digital age, information and communication technology (ICT) has become an integral component in many aspects of life, including in the field of education. The integration of ICT in Arabic language education offers great potential for improving the effectiveness of teaching and learning methods. The method used in this research is bibliometric analysis, which allows researchers to evaluate and mapp publication patterns in this field in depth. Data was collected through searches of documents with the keyword "arabic language education technology" in various academic databases, including journal articles, books, and conference proceedings, which resulted in a total of 23 relevant documents. The analysis is done using the Mendeley Desktop and VOSviewer applications to visualize and analyze the situation and identify the dominant themes in the publication. Research results show that the use of ICT in Arabic language education has had a significant impact on the teaching methods used. Technology has increased the flexibility and accessibility of learning materials, as well as creating a more interactive and attractive learning environment for students. The study also highlights the importance of Arabic proficiency among non-Arabic speakers, especially in countries with a large Muslim population, and emphasizes the need to develop innovative teaching methods.Furthermore, the findings highlight the urgent need for better training for educators to make optimal use of technology. This research provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and technology developers in their efforts to improve the quality of Arabic language teaching in the future. By understanding trends and developments in the use of technology, stakeholders can design and implement learning strategies that are more effective and responsive to student needs.

This study explores the intersection of Arabic language and social media research in the Malaysian context through a bibliometric analysis, aiming to understand the development, distribution, and thematic focus of scholarly publications in this domain. Despite the growing significance of Arabic language education and digital communication platforms in Malaysia, there has been limited comprehensive analysis of the research trends that shape this evolving field. To address this gap, a bibliometric approach was employed, using four targeted keywords “Arabic language,” “social media,” “Malaysia,” and “bibliometric analysis” to retrieve data from the SCOPUS database. The initial dataset, spanning publications up to December 2023, yielded a total of 852 records. Data cleaning and standardization were conducted using OpenRefine to ensure consistency and accuracy, followed by in-depth mapping and network visualization using VOSviewer (version 1.6.15). SCOPUS Analyzer was also utilized to examine publication trends, prolific authors, source journals, country contributions, and citation impact. The analysis revealed a significant increase in publications post 2015, with a concentration of articles in educational and linguistic journals. Keyword co-occurrence mapping indicated strong thematic links between Arabic language learning, digital pedagogy, online discourse, and non-native speakers. Citation analysis identified the most influential articles, while country level collaboration data highlighted Malaysia’s emerging role in Arabic linguistic research in the digital sphere. This study contributes to a clearer understanding of the knowledge structure and intellectual evolution in this niche area, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and future researchers. It demonstrates the importance of bibliometric tools in tracing research trajectories and identifying strategic directions for future inquiry in Arabic language and social media integration within Malaysia.

In order to follow and fulfill the development of the times wrapped in technology, every Arabic teacher is also required to be able to master and apply technology in Arabic language learning. In a study conducted by Rustam Shadiev and Mengke Yang, it was found that of the twenty-four articles reviewed on the use of technology in foreign language learning, almost all of these studies reported positive results. Learners had a positive perception of the use of technology, which meant that it showed that technology was effective in supporting language learning and that learners accepted and used it. Based on this, mentoring and training activities to improve teaching competencies for 21 Arabic language teachers in the Puteri Ummul Mukminin Aisyiyah Islamic Boarding School in South Sulawesi were carried out on Saturday, May 27, 2023, with the speaker, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurkhamimi Zainuddin from the Faculty of Primary Language Studies, Uniersitas Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). This is certainly expected to provide additional knowledge about the importance of using technology in Arabic language learning that can be applied both online and offline. The activity was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation, and reflection.

The phenomenon of translanguaging is increasingly prevalent in language classrooms, including Arabic language learning in higher education. Students not only use Arabic but also blend it with Indonesian or regional languages to clarify meaning and enhance comprehension. This study aims to identify the patterns of translanguaging employed by students, analyze its impact on the learning process, and explore the pedagogical implications of this phenomenon.Using a descriptive quantitative approach through questionnaires distributed to students in the Arabic Language Development Program at several public and private universities in Malang, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages and means) alongside simple thematic analysis of open-ended questions to complement quantitative findings. The results indicate that translanguaging not only helps students understand material more effectively but also increases participation and self-confidence. However, this practice may also lead to overreliance on the first language.Pedagogically, translanguaging holds significant implications. It can be positioned as a teaching strategy in the early stages of language learning. Instructors need to develop their ability to use translanguaging strategically and avoid excessive reliance. Furthermore, accommodating translanguaging in the design of Arabic language curricula in Indonesia is essential. Thus, it is crucial for educators to manage translanguaging strategically in Arabic language instruction.

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in education, particularly in Arabic language instruction, has become increasingly prevalent due to ongoing technological advancements. However, implementing AI in Arabic language acquisition presents challenges, especially in ensuring that this technology not only enhances linguistic proficiency but also contributes to students’ character development. This study explores the prospective applications of AI in Arabic language education with a focus on character reinforcement. The research employs a literature review method with descriptive analysis of relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that AI has the potential to facilitate personalized learning experiences, foster technology-mediated interactions, and provide adaptive feedback that promotes character development, including discipline, responsibility, and cooperation. With proper integration, AI can serve as an effective tool in supporting Arabic language education that encompasses cognitive, affective, and moral dimensions. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Arabic Language Learning, Character