AReBIC: Autonomous reservation-based intersection control for emergency evacuation

Preparing drivers for the future: Evaluating the effects of training on drivers’ performance in an autonomous vehicle landscape

New road transportation systems solutions create significant changes in existing automotive manufacturing industry products and technologies, from design to use. The conveniences within the framework of new approaches brought by autonomous vehicle technologies primarily make individuals transition from driver duty to passenger and high-comfort alternative travel technologies. Therefore, the research: defining the path followed by the autonomous vehicle technologies, which lead to the development of the said new life model and automotive products within the future fiction, in the stages of designing new concept vehicles in practice or measuring the effect on the processes constitute important values for the future prediction of this sector. In addition, the research has focused on the effects of interdisciplinary studies at the automotive concept design stages, which are at the beginning of today’s lean and new product development process, where innovation goals or technologies emerge with more concrete needs. New autonomous vehicle technologies and the main purpose of revealing the interdisciplinary studies created by new disciplines in the current automotive concept design stages make significant contributions to the optimization of the lean product development process and value creation. For this reason, the automotive manufacturing industry, which is on the eve of a major transformation with the said new autonomous vehicle technologies; determining the needs or sustainable position in the flow of digital perception and orientation systems; determining value creation criteria related to the functioning of automotive concept design processes or new acceptance criteria through one-on-one interviews in the field; constitutes the focus of the research. The research has examined the new interdisciplinary studies and effects of new autonomous vehicle technologies in the automotive concept design phase, which is the first step of lean product development, with local and global automotive industry company comparisons in operation. Therefore, the differences and similarities between the concept design stages of global automotive companies that are both co-developers of new autonomous vehicle technologies and manufacturing automotive products and local automotive manufacturing companies that only assemble them determine the future competitive structuring of the industry.

Nowadays, scientific developments in the vehicle and infrastructure automation sectors are developing steadily to benefit end users in ways like reducing traffic congestion, enhancing safety, facilitating stress-free travel, reducing fuel costs, and enabling smart parking. Autonomous vehicles sometimes known as self-driving cars, can entirely replace conventional automobiles to accomplish safe and reliable intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Autonomous vehicles have improved sensing capabilities and can drive on roads that would be difficult for humans. Software, technology, and people, together with their interactions, are the building blocks of Autonomous vehicles. Even though Autonomous vehicles have been studied extensively, many issues have yet to be fixed. One of the biggest obstacles to developing Autonomous vehicles is improving their ability to communicate with other vehicles and pedestrians. Second, it's unclear whether society will benefit or suffer from people's tendency to place an excessive amount of faith in Autonomous vehicles and assume that they will never malfunction. Capabilities analysis is essential to making sure autonomous vehicles are safe and widely accepted. The proposed review outlines the key benefits, drawbacks, and difficulties of autonomous vehicle technology and provides a detailed analysis of the different autonomous vehicle mechanisms. Further, the developed review intends to formulate future prospects by examining the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous driving technology to encourage the development of innovative autonomous vehicle technologies to prevent human error and increase road safety and security.

As autonomous vehicles (AVs) revolutionize the global transportation landscape, their implications for emerging economies like Malaysia remain a subject of significant interest. This study delves into the multifaceted world of AV technology, focusing on Malaysia’s unique transportation challenges and opportunities. Through interviews with key stakeholders and experts, the research uncovers valuable insights into AV technology’s awareness, regulatory landscape, integration hurdles, potential benefits, and inclusivity impact in the Malaysian context. The study finds that while AVs hold the promise of improved road safety, reduced traffic congestion, and enhanced environmental sustainability, addressing challenges related to regulation, infrastructure, and public acceptance is imperative for successful integration. Additionally, AV technology has the potential to significantly enhance inclusivity in transportation, benefiting individuals with disabilities. The study underscores the need for holistic policy and infrastructure development to leverage the benefits of AV technology and pave the way for a sustainable and inclusive transportation future in Malaysia.

The invention of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a new frontier for the twenty-first century. Thousands of people die, and millions of people get injured on roads due to traffic accidents each year. An overwhelming majority of these accidents result from various human errors. AVs promise to reduce the number of traffic accidents significantly will save fuel and decrease greenhouse gases due to needless idling and provide increased mobility to people with disabilities and seniors. This Chapter identifies the societal, environmental, and economic benefits that AV technology brings. Moreover, AV technology brings new risks that the public is worried about, such as safety, liability, and economic impacts. This Chapter describes in detail the benefits and risks of AV technology and identifies related legal problems to answer the question of "how we can safely introduce AV technology into our society."

Currently, an increasing number of drivers are facing challenges associated with the decline in physical function as they age. The widespread adoption of autonomous vehicle technology holds the promise of addressing travel difficulties for older adults. However, older adults encounter difficulties in using autonomous vehicle technology due to their declining physiological conditions and cognitive abilities. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the readiness of older adults for autonomous vehicle technology. The paper applies Human Readiness Level (HRL) to discuss the performance of older adults using three specific autonomous vehicle features—Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Blind Spot Warning (BSW), and Lane Departure Warning (LDW). Employing a literature review approach, this paper conducts database screening on the research topics evaluating the readiness and driving performance of older adults for autonomous vehicle technology with the application of HRL and related theories. In total, 15 articles were selected as core literature. We propose recommendations and measures on how to enhance the readiness of older adults for autonomous vehicle technology from both technological and individual perspectives to enhance the readiness of older adults for autonomous vehicle technology and ensure safer travel for them.

Human acceptance of autonomous vehicles: Research status and prospects

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) in the autonomous vehicles domain – A technical review of communication, sensor, and AI technologies for road user safety

The pace at which autonomous vehicle technology is reaching consumers is accelerating. Furthermore, the future driverless cars are intended to be talkative with regard to exchanging information with other vehicles, infrastructure, or even cloud. More recent attention has focused on the provision of frameworks to take advantage of automated and connected vehicle technology. This study proposes a system design to allow safe and efficient traffic of both automated/connected and conventional vehicles approaching an isolated intersection. The benefit mainly comes from the ability of automated/connected vehicles to maintain shorter and more stable headways to the vehicle in ahead compared to conventional vehicles. Simulation experiments are conducted to gain insight into the influence of flow and automated vehicle ratio over the performance of intersection.

Manual traffic control is an intersection control strategy in which law enforcement officers allocate intersection right-of-way to turning movements. Many emergency traffic management plans call for manual traffic control in response to oversaturated roadway conditions. This is because it is thought to more effectively move traffic during temporary surges in demand. The goal of this research was to evaluate the current state-of-the-practice used by the Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) in selecting intersections for manual traffic control and allocating police personnel to them during emergencies. This research uses the emergency traffic management plans developed by the ACE for nine counties in the Maryland Eastern Shore region. This area encompassing 14,318 intersections of which 74 were selected for manual traffic control during emergencies. This work sought to quantify the correlations that exist between intersection attributes and the ACE' decision to allocate officers to control them. The research findings suggest that US routes, State routes, and emergency evacuation routes are statistically significant in determining the need for police control at intersections. Also significant are intersection on contraflow corridors and intersections near grade separated interchanges. The model also determined that intersections isolated from evacuation routes and county exits were more likely to be selected for manual control, indicating that rural areas may rely on manual traffic control in the absence of multilane highway and freeways. This research also found that intersections involving evacuation routes, contraflow corridors, and grade separated interchanges may warrant additional police personnel (two or more officers) for manual traffic control.

Autonomous ground vehicles have evolved a lot in the past decade. Several prototypes have been presented and tested in different conditions. A major challenge for such vehicles is the fact that they depend on advanced sensing technologies to perceive the environment and make real-time decisions. The complexity of this task typically requires multiple sensing devices, which is both a technical challenge as well as a limiting factor for autonomous vehicles evolution to mass-production. In this paper we review the current main sensing technologies for autonomous ground vehicles, their suitability and maturity status, as well as the way they have been used in prototype cars. This analysis gives a perspective of their evolution so far, as well as an indication of possible future trends.

Different perspectives discuss autonomous vehicle (AV) as predicted future transportation that includes design, engineering, economics, computer science, social, economic, legislation, and ethical aspects. On the other hand, AV technology offers new problems such as new engineering aspects, social and ethical problems, and presents in the form of an idealized decision-making problem. There are many benefits to AV vehicles, which are at the forefront of technology development. However, the level of cybersecurity provided by this technology is poorly understood. Cyber-attacks against AV can have severe implications for safety, privacy, manufacturers' reputation, and overall perception. In this research, we examine public opinion regarding the implications and challenges that might face AV technology in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We claim that the successful adoption of AV in future transport systems will be achieved by reasonable risk management approaches that deal with different potential threats of cybersecurity. This survey produced usable responses from 204 participants. The significant result was that the respondents had not previously heard of vehicle-related technology; however, most had a positive first opinion on technology. Around 85% of participants felt that the expected benefits were likely to occur. They expressed a high level of concern regarding security and performance issues. Respondents stated that safety is the most crucial aspect of driverless vehicles. Mostly, it stated that personal communication devices should integrate with the AV's internet connection. The primary outcomes are that the population feels positive about AV and have optimistic expectations regarding its benefits. While maintaining some concerns, most of the people are willing to drive the AV.

Technology of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is getting mature and many AVs will\nappear on the roads in the near future. AVs become connected with the support\nof various vehicular communication technologies and they possess high degree of\ncontrol to respond to instantaneous situations cooperatively with high\nefficiency and flexibility. In this paper, we propose a new public\ntransportation system based on AVs. It manages a fleet of AVs to accommodate\ntransportation requests, offering point-to-point services with ride sharing. We\nfocus on the two major problems of the system: scheduling and admission\ncontrol. The former is to configure the most economical schedules and routes\nfor the AVs to satisfy the admissible requests while the latter is to determine\nthe set of admissible requests among all requests to produce maximum profit.\nThe scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program and the\nadmission control problem is cast as a bilevel optimization, which embeds the\nscheduling problem as the major constraint. By utilizing the analytical\nproperties of the problem, we develop an effective genetic-algorithm-based\nmethod to tackle the admission control problem. We validate the performance of\nthe algorithm with real-world transportation service data.\n

Liability Design for Autonomous Vehicles and Human-Driven Vehicles: A Hierarchical Game-Theoretic Approach

Problem definition: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are predicted to enter the consumer market in less than a decade. There is currently no consensus on whether their presence will have a positive impact on users and society. The skeptics of automation foresee increased congestion, whereas the advocates envision smoother traffic with shorter travel times. We study the automation controversy and advise policymakers on how and when to promote AVs. Academic/practical relevance: The AV technology is advancing rapidly and there is a need to study its impact on social welfare and the likelihood of its adoption by the public. Methodology: We use supply-demand theory to find the equilibrium number of trips for autonomous and regular households. We develop a simulation model of peer-to-peer AV sharing. We compare the socially optimal level of automation with the selfish adoption patterns where households independently choose their vehicle type. Results: We establish that the optimal social welfare is influenced by: (i) the network connectivity, that is, the ability of the infrastructure to serve AVs, (ii) the additional comfort provided by AVs that allows passengers to engage in other productive activities instead of driving, and (iii) the AV sharing patterns that reduce ownership costs, but create empty vehicle trips that increase congestion. Managerial implications: We investigate the impact of AVs in a case study of Toronto and show that partial automation maximizes social welfare. We show that the comfort of AVs may add traffic that compromises social welfare. Moreover, although traffic increases with automation, travel times may decrease because of significant improvements in traffic flow caused by AV connectivity in the network.