Army Environmental Policy and ISO 14001

Panacea, common sense, or just a label?: The value of ISO 14001 environmental management systems

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland’s State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADF. This paper examines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives.

The primary objective of this Technical Note is to provide guidance to utility companies either for improving the operations-phase implementation of a current environmental management system or for developing a system. The guidelines presented herein provide the approach, content and implementation protocols for developing a completed operations component of the Environmental Management System (EMS) (i.e., the Operations and Environmental Quality Management System, or "OEMS").

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a generic model of Integrated Management System of Quality, Environment and Safety (IMS-QES) that can be adapted and progressively to assimilate various Management Systems, of which highlights: ISO 9001 for Quality; ISO 14001 for Environment; OHSAS 18001 for Occupational Health and Safety. Design/methodology/approach – The model was designed in the real environment of a Portuguese Organization and 160 employees were surveyed. The rate response was equal to 86 percent. The conceived model was implemented in a first phase for the integration of Quality, Environment and Safety Management Systems. Findings – Among the main findings of the survey the paper highlights: the elimination of conflicts between individual systems with resources optimization; creation of added value to the business by eliminating several types of wastes; the integrated management of sustainability components in a global market; the improvement of partnerships with suppliers of goods and services; reducing the number of internal and external audits. Originality/value – This case study is one of the first Portuguese empirical researches about IMS-QES and the paper believes that it can be useful in the creation of a Portuguese guideline for integration, namely the Quality Management Systems; Environmental Management Systems and Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems among others.

Contributing Authors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. I: Environmental Policy Perspective. International Conventions in Environment: For Better Mutual Cooperation J. Silvan. Environmental Aspects of Managing of Natural Resource Assets within the Military Sector R.A. Kreizenbeck. Environmental policy of the Czech Ministry of Defence P. Kozel. Environmental policy in the Estonian Armed Forces A. Rekker. NATO Environmental Doctrine from Hungarian Point of View Z. Jaczo, A. Vincze. STANAG 7141 EP - Plan of Implementation in Poland S. Wilczkowiak. II: Environmental Management Systems and Public Participation. Public Participation in Decisions Relating to the Environmental Management of Ministry of Defence Sites S.M. Clark. Environmental Policy in the Slovak Armed Forces, Environmental Management System as a Change for the Future L. Kusnir. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in the Military Sector: Promoting Broader Implementation M. Dawson. EMS in the Military Sector: Problems and Opportunities R.T. Moore. Recommendations Based on the NATO-CCMS Pilot Study on Methodology, Focalization, Evaluation and Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment K. Pavlickova. III: Environmental Security. Environmental Management Systems, Reliability Management and Vulnerability Assessments: Potential within Contemporary Security Settings J.J. Barich III, K. Mahutova. Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation and Environmental Security A. Silins, I. Klavins. Consequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe as a Prototype of Nuclear Terrorism D.M. Grodzinsky. Environmental Security: a Case of Slovenia M. Malesic. Military Conversion / Restructuring and Sustainable Development Strategy W. Zadorsky. IV: Environmental Decision Support Research. Index of Environmental Acceptability of Military Training A. Komar, et al. Method for the Military Facilities Risk Assessment F. Bozek, et al. Risk Assessment of Large Capacity Petrol Storehouse F. Bozek, et al. The Rowing Windows Methodology for Risk Management and Remedy Optimization, an Approach for Addressing Chemical Contamination across Large Areas of Soil G. Dawson, N. Smith. Environmental Technologies Research and Deployments at Los Alamos National Laboratory D.W. Wilburn. The Superfund Basic Research Program: A Model for Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Risk and Prevent Exposure K.C. Donnelly, et al. V: Protection of Nature and Natural Systems. Protection of Rare Species and Habitats in the Armed Forces of Lithuania I. Jakimaviciute. Slovak Military Veterinary Services Protect and Exploit Rare Species for 11 Years J. Marcin, J. Nemeth. Protection of Natural Habitats within the Military Land, Experiences from U.S. Army, Europe W.A. Grimm. The Problem of the Environment and Nature Conservation in Romania D.A. Botzan, et al.

Recent years have seen the environment emerge as one of the most pressing issues facing American business. Eventually, environmental costs will affect the bottom line of every American company. A recent study in the National Law Journal estimates that cleanup of the nation's known hazardous wastes sites will cost $752 billion over thirty years under current environmental policies.Environmental legislation and regulations impose annual compliance costs estimated by the Environmental Protection Agency at more than $30 billion. In the near future, environmental expenses for cleanup, regulatory compliance, and management are anticipated to grow to between 2.5 and 3 percent of GNP. Corporations that wish to be competitive must successfully manage these costs while maintaining or improving their role as responsible corporate citizens.Implementing a comprehensive system for identifying and managing environmental costs requires a multidisciplinary team effort. Environmental costs impact product selection, design and pricing, capital budgeting, and future strategic direction. In order to make informed and meaningful managerial decisions on environmental programs, real cost data are vital. An environmental management systems (EMS) requires information to set goals and then monitor progress towards those goals over time. This article will discuss the current cost accounting systems (CASs) available to support the myriad goals of environmental management systems.In addition, the article will outline a framework for plotting the location of your current EMS on a matrix of regulatory and information requirements and evaluating whether your corporation's CAS is adequate to support the goals and objectives set by your environmental management program. By anticipating future regulatory and information requirements, flexible systems can be developed to adapt to new and more stringent regulations and more complex information requirements.

The increasing consciousness of sustainable development and reconciling production with ecosystem conservation have fostered the adoption and implementation of environmental management systems (EMS). This paper investigates the critical processes and factors that may affect EMS planning. Empirical findings of a recent study in Hong Kong are presented, and a five‐stage EMS planning framework starting from strategy formulation to system implementation and evaluation is proposed. The framework integrates various perspectives of environmental management and strategy formulation. The paper provides organisations with a procedural guide for implementing environmental management practices. Flexible adaptation of the framework can help organisations derive potential benefits from the EMS implementation leading to sustainable competitive advantage. The framework can be modified to cater for varied business nature and operations in industry.

Environmental Management Systems (EMS) have been adapted by different agricultural industries to suit their needs and to align with other requirements such as Quality Assurance (QA). There are stronger drivers for EMS in some industries (e.g. seafood and cotton) than others (e.g. broadacre industries such as grains and livestock). This paper explores the issue of facilitating the wider uptake or adoption and diffusion of EMS in the broadacre industries, particularly through assessing the EMS preparedness of these industries, proposing a staged approach and investigating the compatibility between EMS and QA schemes. We explore these themes, based on the national grains EMS pilot projects conducted from 1999 to 2002 and research within the lamb industry. A four-stage approach for EMS and QA alignment is proposed in response to reviewing an evaluation survey conducted with farmers from EMS groups in the grain and lamb industries and through exploration of the compatibility of EMS and QA schemes. Within the four-stage approach, the ISO 14001 certified EMS is the highest level, with the lowest stage comprising on-farm self-assessment and introduction to the concept of EMS. All stages are compatible with ISO 14001. In exploring the relationship between QA and EMS, we found that EMS and many QA schemes that fully comply with Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point principles such as Safe Quality Food are compatible in their philosophy of continuous improvement. This allows farmers to understand, identify and manage the hazards and risks in their business that might impact on food safety, product consistency and the environment. We conclude, in the absence of market drivers, a low level environmental awareness-raising process through self-assessment is likely to be more realistic for broadacre farmers than more complex systems such as ISO 14001.

A cross-functional team of environmental regulatory experts, plant managers, and plant engineers have been working since 1991 on the development, implementation and maintenance of the Environmental Compliance Management System. The Environmental Compliance Management System is a practical and accurate method of determining the applicability of the state and federal environmental regulations and of establishing standard and straightforward procedures to meet these requirements. The Environmental Compliance Management System allows individual manufacturing facilities to avoid the additional manpower that would be required to read, digest and decide on the applicability and plan of action to meet the requirements of all the environmental regulations.

Implementation of the European integration intentions of Ukraine requires compliance of the industrial sector on the international requirements towards the introduction and implementation of environmental innovation. Theoretical and methodological substantiation to improve the environmental innovation management system, given the specificity of the industrial sector and its priority to ensure the practical realization of the European integration intentions of Ukraine requires further research.Overcoming the consequences of the ecological crisis in Ukraine and prevent the spread of negative consequences in the future is perhaps by increasing the ecological safety of industrial production. In the article the problems of the industrial sector of the national economy and its impact on the environment are investigated, the main factors that hinder the implementation of environmental innovation are revealed. Measures to improve the environmental management system innovation in the industrial production are proposed based on a comparative analysis of national and European practices.Implementation of measures in this area requires improvement of management of environmental innovation in the industrial sector with regard to the requirements and standards of environmental management. Implementation is complicated by many factors, key among which is the lack of funds, not sufficiently developed innovation infrastructure and, in some cases, the desire to get quick benefits by manufacturers from increase production without accounting pernicious effects on the environment in the future.

Introduction. Environmental issues are of great concern almost all over the world and must be addressed at the national and, in some cases, international levels. The prior task is to create, implement, and apply modern approaches and tools because their prevention is more effective than dealing with their negative consequences. Effective environmental management is one of such tools. It provides additional benefits for private and state sector enterprises. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the environmental management system importance for environmental safety since it is an integral component of it. Results. The necessary condition for the country's stable economic development is the ecologization of the production process, which involves reducing the amount of the natural resources use environmentally friendly technologies in production and transportation that would minimize the environmental risks and negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of environmental management is to administer the enterprise activities in such a way that does not cause much harm or damage to the environment and does not drive the humanity to environmental catastrophe. The ecological management does not abrogate or replace the existing state administrative environmental management but only complements it, being an independent initiative of the enterprise. The introduction of environmental management system in enterprises not only increases the enterprise competitiveness in the European, American, and CIS markets but also allows enterprise functioning in accordance with the international law, which eliminates the cost of the fines for environmental damage. The ecological management role is very significant. It is the prevention and a well-timed solution of any urgent environmental problem. Conclusions. The basic principle of environmental management is the liability of any managerial decision for environmental effects. Thus, the implementation of ISO 14001 is necessary for production, processing, agricultural, and transport enterprises. The ISO 14001 certificate confirms that the environmental management system in the enterprise is relevant and complies with the standard and legislation.

Regional development and environmental management: New opportunities for cooperation

The aim of this study is to propose the relationship between environmental management system (EMS), environmental management accounting (EMA) and firm performance (FP) based on the Chinese manufacturing industry. Although the previous literature has already explored the effect of EMS adoption on FP, findings are inconclusive. Since there is also evidence that both EMS and EMA could potentially influence FP, it is worth considering the role of EMA as an intervening variable in this relationship. The survey of the study involved 131 manufacturing companies conducted in China. The data are analyzed using Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) version 3 to evaluate the hypotheses of the study. The results showed that EMA mediates the relationship between EMS and firm performance. Therefore, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on EMS, EMA and firm performance, especially in the relatively new topic in China.

Beaches are basically managed mirroring user’s perception and normative requirements to obtain performance standards or distinctions made on well-known Quality Management Systems and/or Environmental Management Systems. However, when these systems are used in the management of these natural public goods, present practices do not fit with the Ecosystem Approach Strategy (EA) launched by United Nations at the end of last Century. To overcome this reality, an application of the Ecosystem-Based Management System (EBMS) was developed recently as a formal way to practice this approach at the beach social-ecological system. The EBMS is a stepwise process that combines environmental quality and risk management system theory with the EA principles. The EBMS is composed of three interactive pillars: Managerial, Information and Participatory. The Managerial pillar is the “engine” of the EBMS, following the classical Plan-Do-Check-Act managerial policy scheme. As a part of the Planning phase, a factual approach to decision making is suggested: DEMA (DEcision-MAking) tool. DEMA is a formal prioritization tool intended to help managers to determine, based on a social cost-benefit analysis and the vision established for a particular social-ecological system, which projects should be the first. DEMA uses risk management theory to decide what future activities should be selected in the policy cycle to avoid those identified risks that could impede us to get the desired vision for the beach under management. DEMA is using a framework of indicators related to the identified ecosystem services given by these systems, valuating and rating them to further prioritization of actions.

Based on Green Product Cycle, using Panasonic as a case study, this paper explores how to establish the Environmental Management System by utilizing reviews of literature and resources of data base, and analyzing the data by conducting coding and categorizing. As a result of this study, there are six components of Environmental Management System, and they are design and development of green product, green procurement, green logistics, green marketing and waste recycling. Management suggestions to Chinese enterprises are: further understanding the concept of Environmental Management, and discovering their own path for environmental management with Chinese characteristics; implementing environmental control in overall process in producing and managing, and establishing scientific environmental management system; breaking through the bottleneck of technology and put environmental management into practice.