Assessing Content Validity Through Correlation and Relevance Tools

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-cultural adaptation and examine the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the 35-item Nurse Professional Competence Scale Short Version (NPC Scale SV). This descriptive cross-sectional study involved translation, cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of psychometric properties. Data were collected from 352 registered nurses (RNs) working in various healthcare settings across Indonesia. The NPC Scale SV was translated into Bahasa Indonesia. Preliminary psychometric testing was conducted with content validation using an expert panel and pilot testing. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), construct reliability, and finally the Model Fit. The 35-item Bahasa Indonesia version (NPC Scale SV-INA) demonstrated six domains evident from the CFA. This was confirmed with fit indices: CMIN/df 1.346; GFI 0.914; NFI 0.967; TLI 0.989; CFI 0.991; and RMSEA 0.031. Factor loadings in each domain were more than 0.5 and showed good construct reliability (> 0.7). The NPC Scale SV-INA has been tested among RNs across Indonesia and evaluated from a cultural perspective.

This study was aimed to develop a Three-Tier Diagnostic Test instrument to identify students' alternative conceptions about Food Chain Feeding Relationships. This instrument was developed based on stages of development proposed by Treagust. This study involved 102 students of grade VII. There were 4 students included in the interview, 28 students answered the open-ended questions, and 70 students were involved in the implementation of instrument developed. The instrument items' content was then validated by five expert judgment. The analysis showed that the Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index value for nine items was 1, while an item acquired 0.6 value. This indicated that Food Chain Feeding Relationships Diagnostic Instrument (FCFRDI) is valid and feasible to be tested on students. The test result data were analyzed using the Rasch Model to determine the item fit and reliability. The difference between item reliability value and the person reliability demonstrated a significant result, which means that the instrument developed has good item quality. Overall, it can be concluded that the FCFRDI developed has met the content and empirical validity so that it can be used to identify students’ misconceptions.

Registered nurse (RN) job satisfaction is a major predictor of intent to stay and job turnover, serious concerns to health care leaders. Predictors of job satisfaction include autonomy, control over daily practice, nurse-physician collaboration, transformational leadership, group cohesion, job stress, structural empowerment, and psychological empowerment. In the model of psychological empowerment, stress resiliency is the product of persons' interpretive styles and influences psychological empowerment. This study has evaluated the influence of stress resiliency on job stress, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay using causal modeling. Participants are 464 RNs employed in five acute care hospitals in West Virginia. The final model has provided a very good fit to the data. Stress resiliency is a predictor of psychological empowerment, situational stress, and job satisfaction. This study provides the first evidence of the influence of stress resiliency on job stress, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay in a sample of RNs.

ObjectivesOur aim was (a) to assess the content validity of a Thai translation/version of a quality of work-life evaluation tool, and (b) to examine its accuracy vis-à-vis nursing in Thailand.MethodDescriptive...

In this study, pre-service teaching refers to teaching English as a second language (TESL) to Malaysian students whose first language is not English. TESL prepares English-language learners to become future teachers of English as a second language. To date, no multi-criteria framework has been developed to evaluate and select the skills of pre-service teachers. This study presents a new framework to assess and rank the English skills of pre-service teachers on the basis of fuzzy Delphi and multi-criteria analysis. Three experiments were conducted. Firstly, criteria were identified from the literature review and the opinions of representative experts via the Delphi method. Secondly, 31 pre-service teachers were evaluated to determine the skills of pre-service teachers on the basis of Delphi criteria outcomes. English proficiency was tested through the English Language Testing Service and four language skill examinations. Each examination was evaluated by experts with vast experience in English teaching. Thirdly, pre-service teachers were ranked on the basis of a set of evaluated Delphi criteria outcomes through the technique for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Thereafter, the mean and standard deviation were utilized to ensure the identical systematic ranking of pre-service teachers. Findings are as follows. Twenty-five criteria from previous studies are representative as evaluated by the opinions of experts, which were gathered through interviews and a structured questionnaire. The validity of content was verified using a five-point Likert scale. With Delphi method outcomes, 14 criteria were selected and included in the final framework. The results of the proposed evaluation framework were tested on Malaysian pre-service teachers. TOPSIS is effective for solving the selection problems of pre-service teachers. In the final experiment, significant differences were recognized between the scores of groups, indicating identical ranking results.

BackgroundTo study the association between organizational context and research utilization in German residential long term care (LTC), we translated three Canadian assessment instruments: the Alberta Context Tool (ACT), Estabrooks’ Kinds of Research Utilization (RU) items and the Conceptual Research Utilization Scale. Target groups for the tools were health care aides (HCAs), registered nurses (RNs), allied health professionals (AHPs), clinical specialists and care managers. Through a cognitive debriefing process, we assessed response processes validity–an initial stage of validity, necessary before more advanced validity assessment.MethodsWe included 39 participants (16 HCAs, 5 RNs, 7 AHPs, 5 specialists and 6 managers) from five residential LTC facilities. We created lists of questionnaire items containing problematic items plus items randomly selected from the pool of remaining items. After participants completed the questionnaires, we conducted individual semi-structured cognitive interviews using verbal probing. We asked participants to reflect on their answers for list items in detail. Participants’ answers were compared to concept maps defining the instrument concepts in detail. If at least two participants gave answers not matching concept map definitions, items were revised and re-tested with new target group participants.ResultsCognitive debriefings started with HCAs. Based on the first round, we modified 4 of 58 ACT items, 1 ACT item stem and all 8 items of the RU tools. All items were understood by participants after another two rounds. We included revised HCA ACT items in the questionnaires for the other provider groups. In the RU tools for the other provider groups, we used different wording than the HCA version, as was done in the original English instruments. Only one cognitive debriefing round was needed with each of the other provider groups.ConclusionCognitive debriefing is essential to detect and respond to problematic instrument items, particularly when translating instruments for heterogeneous, less well educated provider groups such as HCAs. Cognitive debriefing is an important step in research tool development and a vital component of establishing response process validity evidence. Publishing cognitive debriefing results helps researchers to determine potentially critical elements of the translated tools and assists with interpreting scores.

This study describes the development and psychometric testing of the Restorative Care Competence Assessment (ReCCA) instrument, which measures the gerontological restorative care (RC) competence of licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and registered nurses (RNs). A cross-sectional study design was used. The face and content validity of the items were evaluated by expert panels. The final sample included LPNs (n = 339) and RNs (n = 92) working in geriatric care services in the Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia in Finland. Exploratory factor analysis identified 8-factors and 48-items of RC competence of nurses. All item-to-total correlations were acceptable. Most of the inter-item correlations were within the suggested level.

Background: A few studies have been done regarding the validity and reliability of the Mini-Peer Assessment Tool across various specialties. This study was conducted to determine the reliability, content and construct validity of Mini-Peer Assessment Tool to assess the competency of emergency medicine residents. Methods: This study was carried out to investigate the psychometric properties of the mini-PAT tool to evaluate the professional competencies of emergency medicine residents in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The initial Mini-Peer Assessment Tool was translated into Persian. After that, the content validity index and content validity ratio determined by consulting 12 professors of emergency medicine. The construct validity was determined with exploratory factor analysis and investigation of the correlation coefficient on 31 self and 248 peer assessment cases. The reliability of the mini peer assessment tool was determined by internal consistency and item deletion by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Reliability was also assessed by determining the agreement between the two tools of self-assessment and peer assessment by using the diagram Bland and Altman. Results: The results showed content validity ratio (CVR) of the items ranged from 0.56 to 0.83, and the content validity index (CVI) of the items ranged from 0.72 to 0.90. The reliability of the self-assessment and peer-assessment tools were 0.83 and 0.95 respectively and there was a relative agreement between the self-assessment method and the peer assessment method. Finally, the tool underwent exploratory factor analysis resulting extraction into two factors namely 'clinical competencies' and 'human interactions' in the peer assessment tool. In the self-assessment tool, the factors of 'good practice' and 'technical competence' were extracted. Conclusion: The results of the present study provided evidence of the adequacy of content validity, reliability of the contextually customized mini-peer assessment tool in assessing the competencies of emergency medicine residents.

Childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) are rising globally, with disproportionate impacts in lower-middle-income countries, including Palestinian populations. The Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) survey is a validated tool for assessing family-level behaviors associated with pediatric OW/OB risk. However, no Arabic version has been statistically validated for use in Arabic-speaking populations. This study aimed to translate and validate the FNPA survey in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) for use among Palestinian families. A sequential, multi-phase validation study was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 across two pediatric clinics in the West Bank. The process included translation, cognitive validation (content and face validity), and statistical validation (construct validity). Content validity was assessed by eight experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Face validity was evaluated through cognitive interviews with 40 parents. Statistical validation involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) using data from 470 parent respondents. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlations. Content and face validity analyses supported the cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the MSA FNPA. The overall scale CVI/Average was 0.99, indicating excellent content validity. Cronbach’s alpha for the 20-item scale was 0.729, suggesting acceptable internal consistency. EFA revealed a six-factor structure, while CFA supported a five-factor model that retained all original items and demonstrated good model fit (CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.034). The five latent factors included: physical activity encouragement, screen and food environment, sleep routines, parental monitoring, and family mealtime practices. The MSA FNPA survey is a valid and reliable tool for assessing family behaviors linked to pediatric OW/OB in Palestinian populations. Its use can support culturally tailored interventions, inform public health strategies, and enhance pediatric obesity prevention efforts across Arabic-speaking regions. Future research should explore its applicability in other Arabic-speaking contexts and its integration into clinical and community-based health initiatives.

Development and initial content and face validation of a questionnaire to evaluate pharmacists' attitudes and practices in counselling urinary tract infection patients: A mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND:Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a significant global health burden. The adoption of healthy dietary behaviors is vital for the secondary prevention of CAD. However, there is limited availability of dietary educational materials tailored for patients with CAD, particularly in Malaysia, to support this process. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate dietary educational material for the secondary prevention of CAD.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study employed a design and developmental research methodology conducted in three phases. Phase I focused on content analysis. Phase II centered on the design and development of the educational material, and Phase III involved evaluating its content and face validity through feedback from experts and intended users. Content Validity Index (CVI) scores of 0.80 or higher were considered acceptable for content validity, while face validity was established with at least 75% positive responses for each item.RESULTS:The heart-healthy dietary educational material (HHDEM) was developed as dietary educational material for the secondary prevention of CAD. It achieved Item-level CVI scores ranging from 0.89 to 1.00 and an overall Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/AVE) of 0.98, demonstrating strong content validity. For face validity, there was a high level of agreement between experts and intended users across all components, with percentages ranging from 90.0% to 92.6%. These results indicate that HHDEM meets the desired standards for use by patients with CAD.CONCLUSION:The dietary educational material, HHDEM, designed for patients with CAD, illustrated excellent content and face validity. HHDEM has the potential to serve as a comprehensive resource for adopting healthy dietary patterns to prevent secondary CAD.

ABSTRACTThis study explored the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of Parents' Beliefs About Children's Emotions Questionnaire (PBACE) in the Iranian setting. Considering the influence of cultural norms on parenting practices and beliefs, validating the PBACE in this context is essential for understanding how parents’ beliefs about emotions may shape children's development. The PBACE is a self‐report measure comprising seven subscales: Value of Anger, Cost of Positivity, Control, Parental Knowledge, Manipulation, Stability, and Autonomy. The psychometric properties of the PBACE, including reliability, content, criterion, and construct validity, were assessed in a sample of 374 mothers of children aged 5–11 years. Initially, data were collected from 397 parents. However, due to the small sample size of fathers (n = 23), which was insufficient for robust group comparisons, only data from 374 mothers were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the factor structure of seven models and a general seven‐correlated model, which showed good model fit for the PBACE and its subscales, except for the Parental Knowledge subscale. The poor fit of the Parental Knowledge subscale led to testing a six‐correlated model without it, which demonstrated superior model fit compared to the seven‐correlated model. Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) indicated good content validity for the scale. Additionally, significant associations with children's emotion regulation established satisfactory criterion validity. Internal consistency, measured by the Omega coefficient, was acceptable for all subscales except Parental Knowledge, while the PBACE demonstrated overall excellent internal consistency. Although the poor fit and lower Omega coefficient for the Parental Knowledge subscale suggest that it should not be used, the PBACE is recommended for research and clinical purposes in Iran due to its sound psychometric properties.Summary We examined psychometric evidence for the Parents' Beliefs About Children's Emotions questionnaire (PBACE) in a sample of 397 Iranian parents. PBACE displayed criterion and content validity based on the agreements of 10 mental health professionals. Confirmatory factor analysis displayed a good fit for the seven‐correlated model and each separate model except for Parental Knowledge.

Background and aimsThe aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of Turkish version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) developed by Kowalski et al....

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a team-building intervention on group cohesion, nurse satisfaction, and turnover rates. Creating an environment that supports and retains nurses represents a formidable challenge for nursing leaders. Research related to strategies that positively impact the culture in which nurses practice, thus potentially improving nurse satisfaction and reducing turnover, is critically needed. Registered nurses (RNs) employed on inpatient units in a 247-bed, private acute care Magnet teaching hospital participated in this quasi experimental preintervention and postintervention design. The RN-RN interaction subscale from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators Adapted Index of Work Satisfaction, the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators Adapted Index of Job Enjoyment, the Group Cohesion Scale, and a facilitator-developed measure were completed preimplementation and postimplementation of unit-tailored intervention strategies, which took place over a 12-month period. Turnover rates were collected 6 month preintervention and postintervention. Improvement in group cohesion, RN-RN interaction, job enjoyment, and turnover was demonstrated. Targeted, unit-based strategies can be an effective means of reducing turnover rates and improving group cohesion and nurse satisfaction.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Clinical Learning Environment Tool (CLE-T) within the Pakistani culture and context. METHODOLOGY A quantitative descriptive study was conducted from June to November 2023. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase one focused on content validation using an online form, while phase two involved field testing and psychometric evaluation. The adapted 34-item tool was then administered to 392 nursing students from government colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, selected via probability random sampling. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations, while construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained prior to the commencement of data collection. RESULTSThe study prioritizes cultural alignment, content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Results demonstrate strong content validity with high Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) scores, supported by a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.980, indicating reliability. Factor analysis identifies three dimensions: supportive learning, communication, and learning scenario efficacy. The validated CLE-T emerges as a reliable resource for educators and policymakers, fostering effective clinical learning environments and skilled healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION The paper suggests broader validation across contexts and longitudinal exploration, affirming the CLE-T as a valuable tool for educators and policymakers.