Assessment of EU banking network regionalization during post-crisis period

An evolution of global and regional banking networks: A focus on Japanese banks’ international expansion

In modern conditions of implementation Islamic model of banking, the issues of increasing efficiency of its activities and ensuring the long-term stability of Islamic banks come to the fore. Article analyzes the activities of Islamic banks in the post-crisis period, both in the global Islamic banking sector as a whole, and in the context of individual countries in which Islamic banks are predominantly or significantly represented, as well as financial risks that pose a threat of losses for Islamic banks. It has been concluded that the Islamic financial system is becoming one of the most important components of the international financial system, and Islamic banks within the global financial system are becoming more recognized and competitive, as they demonstrate a sufficiently high efficiency and stability of activity, a positive trend of development. Analysis found that Islamic banking has demonstrated its reliability and stability in the post-crisis period and continues to be a viable and effective mechanism of financial intermediation in the conditions of global financial system instability. The differences in the functioning and performance of Islamic banks in different countries within a single consolidated Islamic banking system have been revealed, a comparative analysis effectiveness of banking sectors a number of Muslim countries has been given, the directions of development of Islamic banking in them have been shown. Conclusions have been drawn on the need for Islamic banks to introduce effective mechanisms for monitoring and managing financial and investment risks in order to increase their ability to withstand adverse external factors, since in the future, despite the positive trends in the activities of Islamic banks, there are potential financial risks due to the growth of their current costs associated with the possibility of potential deterioration in the quality of assets and reduction in the level of profit.

The global financial crisis was characterized by heightened financial risk in the USA, which spread to the rest of the world, including emerging economies. This paper constructs a core–periphery model with a global banking network and financial frictions. Due to a common-lender effect, when global banks lend to an emerging economy, heightened financial risk in the center depresses cross-border lending to the emerging economy, reducing real activities and exacerbating monetary policy trade-offs. As financial markets become more integrated, exchange rate flexibility becomes less welfare enhancing and active capital account policy becomes more welfare enhancing.

A comparative analysis on Korean manufacturing plants is performed by size of plants and sources of TFP growth are decomposed into entry, exit, and survival effects of plants, focusing on the pre- and post-crisis periods. Additional survival analyses investigate internal and external determinants of the survival of plants. The results indicate that the exit of small- and medium-sized establishments (SMEs) with higher productivity is becoming problematic in the post-crisis period. The improvements in large-scale establishments (LSEs) after the crisis appeared to occur generally in high-technology industrial sectors; SMEs in low-technology industries are suffering from a sluggish market selection process.

This paper analyses the nature of the increasing regionalization process in global banking. Despite the large decline in aggregate cross-border banking lending volumes, some parts of the global banking network are currently more interlinked regionally than before the Global Financial Crisis. After developing a simple theoretical model capturing banks' internationalization decisions, our estimation shows that this regionalization trend is present even after controlling for traditional gravitational variables (e.g. distance, language, legal system, etc.), especially among lenders in EMs and non-core banking systems, such as Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Moreover, this regionalization trend was present before the GFC, but it has increased since then, and it seems to be associated with regulatory variables and the opportunities created by the retrenchment of several European lenders.

The article analyzes the peculiarity of the development of banking activity in EU countries as one of the elements of financial stability in the conditions of harmonization and joint regulation. In the article is shown impact of digital transformation, modern strategies and banking business models on the need to adapt the banking sector to new conditions. The leading role of the banking sector in stimulating long-term financing is determined, as the bank-ing sector affects the economic and social development of European countries. The banking sector is one of the factors supporting the economic growth of European countries and the EU in general. The types of banks are disclosed, where a significant role is assigned to the new wave of their development –digital banks. The place and role of state banks and development institutions, investment banks is revealed, special attention is paid to digital banks, which have significantly changed the banking industry. It was noted that the market of digital banks has a positive trend towards their growth in the EU. Emphasis is placed on the fact that technologies are changing the development of banking activity in European countries and the banking sec-tor. The trend of consolidation and concentration due to bank mergers and acquisitions is high-lighted, which is the most visible sign of this process. It is noted that the quality of banking services today has become one of the strategic changes in competition on the European mar-ket. The indicators of the development of the banking sector were analyzed, and their trends were determined, namely, the decrease in the number of banks, employees in credit organiza-tions, and the decrease in branches and subsidiaries of credit institutions in the EU. The author focused heavily on deposits in EU banks as a share of total bank assets, based on which an analysis of the dynamics of changes in the total volume of deposits in EU banks was carried out with further analysis of trend lines –using linear, logarithmic, polynomial and power func-tions. The author has forecasted deposits in EU banks according to the most likely scenario of the development of economic events, pessimistic and optimistic. It has been proven that trends have a gradual upward trend for the future

A Network Analysis of Global Banking: 1978-2010

A variety of methodologies have been employed to examine the impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis on the crisis-affected countries economies. However, the impact of crisis on the efficiency of the financial industry has yet to be studied. By employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach the present study examines for the first time the impact of the Asian financial crisis on the efficiency of the ASEAN-4 countries' banking sectors. This study focuses on two major approaches, viz. intermediation and revenue approaches. The empirical findings suggest that the estimates of technical efficiency are consistently higher under the revenue approach. We find that banks are relatively inefficient in a more concentrated banking market. However, when we control for countries that participate in IMF programme, the concentration ratio exhibits a positive relationship with bank efficiency levels, implying that the more concentrated banking system which participates in IMF programme is relatively more efficient in their intermediation function during the post-crisis period.

The article deals with the problems of increasing the efficiency of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, the feasibility and possibility of using the outsourcing model in the business organization, the advantages of increasing labor efficiency and forms of management using an outsourcing system for agro-industrial structures are studied. In the post-crisis period, the negative results and principles of agribusiness organization were considered as a new direction for ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture by revising the outsourcing service. At the same time, the problem of increasing the efficiency of the economy of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan was formulated, and much attention was paid to the study of the regional direction and the introduction of outsourcing processes. The aim of the study is to analyze the organizational and economic essence of outsourcing and increase the efficiency of agricultural enterprises using this tool in rural business. When studying outsourcing relations in agricultural enterprises, such methods of research methodology as systemic and situational analysis were applied when introducing outsourcing the theory of the synergetic concept, comparative analysis and synthesis, methods of institutional economic analysis and generalization. The results of the study on the development of outsourcing activities are aimed at the use by small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, market organizations in business restructuring, as well as management bodies of associations, unions, and support centers interested in providing real assistance to rural entrepreneurs.

Ukrainian business found itself in conditions of unprecedented challenges caused by military aggression, global economic instability and accelerated digitalization, which requires a fundamental transformation of marketing strategies, especially in the field of digital marketing and branding. Purpose of the study. To identify key areas and tools for transforming marketing strategies of Ukrainian business in conditions of global challenges, with a special focus on digital marketing and branding, as well as to formulate practical recommendations for their implementation. Research object. Processes of adaptation and transformation of marketing strategies of Ukrainian enterprises of various industries and scales of activity in conditions of multiple crisis phenomena of 2014-2025. Methods used in the study are system analysis, comparative analysis, benchmarking of international experience, analysis of cases of Ukrainian companies, statistical analysis of data from international consulting agencies and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, predictive modeling of trends in marketing tools. Research hypothesis. Effective transformation of marketing strategies of Ukrainian businesses in crisis conditions requires a balanced combination of digital innovations and traditional approaches, with a special emphasis on the development of branding as a tool for ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of the enterprise. Presentation of the main material of the study. The evolution of marketing tools for 1993-2024 is analyzed, a shift in focus from traditional methods to digital technologies is identified. Successful cases of adaptation of marketing strategies of Ukrainian companies (Rozetka, Nova Poshta, Monobank, Silpo, Epicenter) in wartime conditions are studied. Key trends in digital marketing are identified, including AI-based personalization, omnichannel, and socially responsible marketing. A forecast for the development of marketing tools until 2025 has been developed and the growing role of artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and metaverse technologies in marketing strategies has been established. The originality and practical significance of the study. For the first time, a comprehensive approach to the transformation of marketing strategies in the face of multiple crisis phenomena has been proposed and a methodology for assessing the digital maturity of marketing functions of Ukrainian enterprises has been developed. The practical value lies in the development of a step-by-step model for the implementation of digital marketing tools, taking into account the level of company readiness and resource limitations. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Successful transformation of marketing strategies of Ukrainian businesses requires a balance between innovation and stability, technology and the human factor, global standards and local needs. Ten promising areas for further research are identified, including a methodology for assessing digital marketing maturity, the impact of martial law on consumer behavior, models of marketing adaptation in conditions of limited resources, the integration of artificial intelligence into marketing processes, and the transformation of branding strategies in the post-crisis period.

The article considers the characteristics of international terrorism as a phenomenon that requires joint efforts at the regional and supranational levels in political, social, economic, legal, ideological and other aspects, its causes and consequences, approaches to classification. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of existing problems of international regional security caused by terrorism, as well as the features of combating it on the example of the EU and the SCO. Scientific, official, historical sources of information were used in the research. The subject is the components of the strategy to combat international terrorism on the example of two regional international organizations, the EU and the SCO. The goal of the article is to determine the features and priorities of the fight against international terrorism at the regional level, their effectiveness and shortcomings on the basis of a comprehensive study of the features of the phenomenon. The objective is to analyze official sources on methods of combating international terrorism on the example of the EU and the SCO, to determine the causes, consequences and priorities for fighting against it. Research methods are comparative analysis, systematization and generalization. The following results were obtained: the main problem of combating international terrorism and its consequences at the regional level was identified, which is primarily related to the uniform content of agreements, statements, decisions, etc., without taking into account the region specifics. In addition, the priority areas of activity of international organizations that need attention have been identified, among them: prevention and cessation of terrorist financing, counteraction to the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes, promotion of cooperation in the fight against terrorism, etc. The conclusions of this work indicate the low efficiency of the organizations and the need to improve the tools of combating international terrorism on the basis of the general problems and priorities mentioned in the article.

Recent economic turmoil has revived interest in the quest for sustainable growth. Current economic thinking attaches growing importance to industrial development. The roots of such thinking can be traced back to traditional arguments about the beneficial role of manufacturing for economic growth through horizontal and vertical spillovers to other sectors. These spillovers are of particular importance at the regional level, as such externalities tend to be localized in nature. The objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between economic structure and regional growth in ten Western European EU member states in the post-crisis period. The analysis wishes to answer the question of whether regions with a higher concentration of manufacturing outperform their counterparts with more diverse economic structures. A spatial panel econometric technique is applied in order to distinguish between the intra-regional and inter-regional effects of economic structure, yielding recommendations for policy makers in the field of industrial policy.

Chapter 2 makes an attempt to find homogeneity in the structural pattern by classifying all states into six broad regions of east, west, north, south and central, (categorized by Zonal Council of India), and northeast (under Northeastern Council). It justifies such a categorization of regions as adjoining states share similarities in terms of socio-cultural traits, agro-climatic conditions, natural resources and topography. Such homogeneity offers vast potential for states within a region for resource sharing and emulation of best practices through inter-state co-ordination for improving and harmonizing both overall growth outcomes of India and of individual states. In this context, the author discusses institutional mechanisms to secure coordination amongst states. Discussing the evolution of zonal councils and the Inter-State Council, the author notes that institutional mechanisms do exist but they need to be activated to sort out the vexed issues cross-cutting states to secure not only higher but also harmonious growth. The chapter extensively shows the dimensions of the growth and variability across sectors at these six regional levels, and then the contribution of these regions towards all-India growth. The chapter has studied the period 2000–2012 under three sub-periods of 2000–2003, 2004–2008 and 2009–2012. These sub-periods broadly correspond to the phases of low growth, high growth and the post-crisis period respectively. The growth results suggest that except the Northeast region, all others shared the benefits of high growth during 2004-08. Further, except the southern and the western regions, all the other regions experienced acceleration in absolute as well as per capita growth in the second and third sub-periods. The western region had the highest growth rate during 2004–2008 and 2009–2012 and also for the entire period of study. The Gross State Domestic Product share of the tertiary sector was the highest followed by that of the secondary and the primary sectors for the northern, southern and the western regions whereas for the eastern, central and Northeastern regions, the share of the tertiary sector was the highest, followed by that of the primary and the secondary sectors. The western and the southern regions have been the key drivers of higher growth rates for the Indian economy. However, sustenance of the higher growth rates would require that growth is shared evenly across regions rather than being concentrated in a few regions. Further, the central and eastern regions account for more than half of the country’s population. Thus, from a welfare perspective, higher growth rates for these two regions are crucial. Most importantly, the dispersion of income across states and regions has gradually increased between 2000 and 2012, and this aspect demands serious attention. Thus while reframing policy process more voices and representation must be incorporated from central and eastern regions to ensure balanced development.

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p>\n\n<p>This paper investigates the impact of financial crisis on the determinants of bank interest rate margin (NIM) in Turkey over the period 1995-2018. Turkey witnessed two recent major economic crises, a local crisis in 2001 and the global crisis in 2008. The sample period is divided into three sub-periods: pre-crisis period (1995-2001), post-local crisis period (2002-2007) and post- global crisis period (2008-2018). The NIMs are specified as a function of bank and market-specific variables, such as operating cost, liquidity, credit risk, implicit interest payments, size, managerial efficiency, and concentration. The results of the analysis show that determinants of NIMs following the local crisis and global crisis are significantly changed. After the local crisis credit risk levels were considered more crucial and costs and efficiency is considered as the focus in the aftermath of the global financial crisis.</p>

While global uncertainty-measured by the VIX-has proven to be a robust global i°pushi± factor of international capital flows, there has been no systematic study assessing the role of uncertainty in driving bilateral capital flows. This paper tries to fill this gap in the literature by examining the effects of higher country-specific uncertainty on cross-border banking flows using data from the Bank for International Settlements Locational Banking Statistics. The bilateral structure of this data allows to disentangle supply factors from demand factors, thereby helping identify the effect of higher uncertainty on cross-border banking flows from other confounding factors. The results of this analysis suggest that: (i) uncertainty in a source country (domestic economy) is both a lender-specific push and pull factor that robustly predicts a decrease in outflows (cross-border lending) and inflows (crossborder borrowing); (ii) a decline in cross-border borrowing is larger than a decline in cross-border lending so that the net cross-border position of the banking sector increases; (iii) despite a decline in cross-border bank lending in the absolute sense, the share of cross-border bank lending in total bank lending increases, suggesting a portfolio rebalancing; (iv) this rebalancing occurs only when banks are lending to borrowers in advanced economies, not those in emerging market economies.