Associative and serial-order information: different modes of operation?

Recently, the problem of designing a carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen symbiosis network (CHOSYN) has been introduced to enable the systematic integration of multiple plants and to determine chemical conversion, separation, and allocation schemes through a multiscale atomic targeting approach. The previous contributions in designing CHOSYNs assumed a single mode of operation for all participating plants. Since some plants may have seasonable variabilities, multiple modes of operation may be necessary. Each mode of operation is characterized by different flow rates and compositions of the integrated streams. The objective of this work is to develop a multiperiod approach to design a CHOSYN by considering multiple modes of operation throughout the year. A multiscale targeting approach is proposed to determine the optimal type and size of the common infrastructure for all participating plants under different modes of operation. A case study involving five industrial plants and two modes of operation is presented ...

The brain circuitry of attention

The problem of the development of modern bearings (magnetic, gas, etc.) for high-speed machines with a wide range of capacities (from tens of kilowatts to megawatts) and rotational speeds (from 6000 to 60000 rpm) used in oil and gas production, robotics, space technology, and mini gas-turbine power plants is considered. The distribution of forces applied to the rotor shaft in different modes of operation is investigated including the case of shaft eccentricity. In operation, the eccentricity should not exceed 5%. A computer system is designed on the basis of the numerical method for field (2D) computation in the active part of the machine. The distribution of forces is analyzed taking into account the saturation of the magnetic circuit of the machine and the harmonic content of the mutual magnetic flux (flux in the gap). When calculating these forces in the no-load mode of operation, it was assumed that, in machines with permanent magnets, the mutual magnetic flux on the rotor is about 10–15% higher than under the rated load because of the demagnetization effect of the armature reaction. The mutual magnetic flux was specified depending on the type of rotor magnets. The computer system takes into account the relative position of the rotor poles relative to the stator field reaction under load (load angle Θ). It is also taken into account that, during use, the resulting mutual magnetic flux is distorted (compared to the no-load mode). As a result, a number of additional high harmonics appear in the gap, which affect the forces applied to the rotor shaft. Load angle Θ is calculated using graphical options of the simulation package by the iteration method. An algorithm for the implementation of this method is described. The distribution of the radial forces along the rotor shaft surface (differential parameter) and the total radial attraction force applied to the rotor shaft (integral parameter) are calculated for different values of eccentricity and different modes of operation of high-speed machines.

Molecular characterization of the microbial community structure in two activated sludge systems for the advanced treatment of domestic effluents

The paper is focused on simulating the discharge of Li-Ion batteries using series and parallel cells in different modes of operation. The simulations are realized using Matlab/Simulink. Two cases are analyzed for the system under test: constant discharge current and a variable discharge current. In these cases the batteries were considered 100% or partially charged. For a series cell we used four batteries and for the parallel connection we used three series cells. The simulated waveforms for the state of charge (SoC) and the output voltage of batteries are presented for the analyzed cases.

With the growing number of physically disabled person in the present age, the usage of wheelchair has become unprecedented. Electric autonomous smart wheelchairs have emerged as the go to caring module for the disabled people. The proposed electric health monitoring smart wheelchair system is intended to be an all-in-one electric wheelchair that surpasses its previous predecessors. It allows the user to independently move around both indoor and outdoor using 3 different mode of operation – gesture control for controlling via neck movement, Joystick control & voice command module. It is incorporated with ultrasonic sonar edge detection module & obstacles detection both front and back to ensure safety of the patient. A variety of sensors such as heart rate sensor, PIR sensor, load cell, temperature & humidity detection are attached to keep monitoring the patient while he/she is sitting on the wheelchair. In the event of any accident or anomaly in the health monitoring data, the system will notify the relative and affiliated medical institution via SMS combined with GPS location. The proposed wheelchair system also incorporates retractable solar panel to charge the battery while operating outdoors. The proposed prototype model has been tested in a local area and the practical simulation data gained is promising. As a whole, the proposed prototype has a great deal to offer to the disabled population.

A Monod kinetic model, logistic equation model, and statistical regression model were developed for a Chinese hamster ovary cell bioprocess operated under three different modes of operation (batch, bolus fed-batch, and continuous fed-batch) and grown on two different bioreactor scales (3 L bench-top and 15 L pilot-scale). The Monod kinetic model was developed for all modes of operation under study and predicted cell density, glucose glutamine, lactate, and ammonia concentrations well for the bioprocess. However, it was computationally demanding due to the large number of parameters necessary to produce a good model fit. The transferability of the Monod kinetic model structure and parameter set across bioreactor scales and modes of operation was investigated and a parameter sensitivity analysis performed. The experimentally determined parameters had the greatest influence on model performance. They changed with scale and mode of operation, but were easily calculated. The remaining parameters, which were fitted using a differential evolutionary algorithm, were not as crucial. Logistic equation and statistical regression models were investigated as alternatives to the Monod kinetic model. They were less computationally intensive to develop due to the absence of a large parameter set. However, modeling of the nutrient and metabolite concentrations proved to be troublesome due to the logistic equation model structure and the inability of both models to incorporate a feed. The complexity, computational load, and effort required for model development has to be balanced with the necessary level of model sophistication when choosing which model type to develop for a particular application.

This paper focuses on the super/subsynchronous operation of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The impact of a damping controller on the different modes of operation for the DFIG-based wind generation system is investigated. The coordinated tuning of the damping controller to enhance the damping of the oscillatory modes using bacteria foraging technique is presented. The results from eigenvalue analysis are presented to elucidate the effectiveness of the tuned damping controller in the DFIG system. The robustness issue of the damping controller is also investigated.

To evaluate and compare the value of cardiopulmonary exercise test and conventional pulmonary function tests in the prediction of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in high risk patients with chest malignant tumors. From January 2006 to January 2009, 216 consecutive patients with thoracic malignant tumors underwent conventional pulmonary function tests (PFT, spirometry + DLCOsb for diffusion capacity) and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) preoperatively. The correlation of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications with the parameters of PFT and CPET were retrospectively analyzed using Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and logistic regression analysis. The P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Of the 216 patients, 57 did not receive operation due to advanced stage diseases or poor cardiopulmonary function in most of them. The remaining 159 underwent different modes of operations. Thirty-six patients (22.6%) in this operated group had postoperative cardiopulmonary complications and 10 patients (6.3%) developed operation-related complications. Three patients (1.9%) died of the complications within 30 days postoperatively. The patients were stratified into groups based on V(O(2)) max/pred (≥ 65.0%, < 65.0%); V(O(2)) max×kg(-1)×min(-1) (≥ 20 ml, 15 - 19.9 ml, < 15 ml) and FEV1 (≥ 2.0 L, 1.2 - 1.99 L, < 1.2 L) according to the criteria in reported papers. There was statistically significant difference among these groups in the parameters (P < 0.05), the rates of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications were much higher in the groups with poor cardiopulmonary function (V(O(2)) max/pred < 65.0%; V(O(2)) max×kg(-1)×min(-1) < 15 ml or FEV1 < 1.2 L). It was shown by logistic regression analysis that postoperative cardiopulmonary complications were significantly correlated with age, associated diseases, poor results of PFT or CPET, operation modes and operation-related complications. FEV1 in spirometry, V(O(2)) max×kg(-1)×min(-1) and V(O(2)) max/pred in cardiopulmonary exercise test can be used to stratify the patients' cardiopulmonary function status and is correlated well with FEV1. V(O(2)) max×kg(-1)×min(-1) is the best parameter among these three parameters to predict the risk of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in patients with chest malignant tumors and borderline cardiopulmonary function.

Choreography is commonly understood as a technical term that describes what the choreographer does in a literal sense: writing the dancing bodies according to a master’s set narrative. However, recent events in contemporary choreography suggest a different possibility of articulating choreography as a technique of offering rather than a technique of domination over other bodies. Through an analysis of some groundbreaking choreographic experiments by Xavier Le Roy, Jérôme Bel, Boris Charmatz, Eszter Salamon, Christine De Smedt, Jan Ritsema, and Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker, which have gained visibility since the late 1990s in the global art scene beyond the Western institution of dance, this thesis aims to theorise this shift in what choreography is and can be. In an attempt to theorise choreography as a technique of offering, this thesis illuminates the relationship between some of the tactical operations in contemporary choreographic experiments and the post-structuralist rethinking of power, institution, the body, subjectivity and knowledge production. Turning to Michel Foucault’s rethinking of power and Jacques Rancière’s challenge of the position of mastery, it aims to articulate the tactical deconstructions of the choreographer-master in contemporary choreographic experiments. Borrowing Hannah Arendt’s notion of a ‘space of appearance’ and Jean-Luc Nancy’s rethinking of body, it attempts to articulate how choreography as a spatiotemporal technique offers spaces of appearances for other bodies. This thesis also highlights a different possibility of articulating choreography by positioning it in the critical field called the ‘curatorial’. Reflecting the contemporary disciplinary crisis in art, where the given methodologies and tools no longer do the job that they used to do, there are increasing demands from cultural producers for different modes of operations in order to open up new critical possibilities of interdisciplinary research. In thinking through Le Roy and De Keersmaeker’s ‘choreographed’ exhibitions, this thesis aims to rethink choreography in terms of the curatorial. This also means to rethink the curatorial in terms of choreography, where both theatre-making and exhibition-making can be rearticulated as a matter of body in relation to other bodies.

Some peculiarities of constructing information channels, which are a part of multilevel information-measuring systems for diagnostics of electrical equipment, are considered. The primary attention in the report is paid to the consideration of primary diagnostic information measurement channels, as well as the block of training aggregates, where the infor-mation about defects and possible modes of operation of some electrical equipment units is stored. One of the possible options for building a primary measurement channel focused on using wireless measurement sensors, which are consis-tent with the use of international standards, has been considered. The description of diagnostic features for determining the technical condition and classification of possible defects in individual nodes of electrical equipment concerning their modes of operation is briefly described. Based on accepted diagnostic attributes, the models of representation of training sets, which correspond to different technical states of electrical equipment units for different modes of opera-tion, are considered. Ref. 10, fig. 3.

Within the research project HypoWave, a hydroponic system for plant production was investigated. The hydroponic system was fed with wastewater that had undergone specially adapted treatment. The principal aim was to develop a combined system for water treatment and hydroponic plant production, where water and nutrients were reused efficiently to produce marketable food products. Another goal was to find out whether the reuse of pre-treated wastewater for plant growth in a hydroponic system could also present an additional alternative wastewater treatment step for enhanced nutrient removal. A pilot plant, consisting of various treatment steps such as activated sludge process, ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration, was used to produce lettuce with irrigation water of different qualities. The hydroponic pilot plant was operated in two different modes – flow-through and feed &amp; deplete. This paper focuses on the influence of the various modes of operation and accordingly varying nutrient concentrations (N, P, K) on plant growth. Furthermore, heavy metal content in the various types of treated wastewater and in the produced plants was investigated. In addition, the results of the different modes of operation were verified by mass balances for N, P and K.

Problem Asynchronous electric motors (AEs) are the most common among all electric motors. This is due to the simplicity of design, high reliability, relatively low cost, better weight and overall performance, etc. The asynchronous electric drive, which has a vector control based on modern static converters with microprocessor controllers, is especially widespread now. One of the most important characteristics of the engine is its mechanical characteristics. Based on the knowledge of the dependence of the moment on the electric motor shaft on its speed of rotation in various modes of operation, it is possible to implement high-quality and efficient control. Goal. The goal is conducting the analysis of operating modes of the asynchronous motor with the calculation of its mechanical characteristics in the presence of a minimal moment in it. Methodology. Analytical methods of research, methods of the theory of electric machines and electric drives are used, as well as methods of calculating electric circuits. The method of calculating the mechanical characteristics of AE in the presence of a site with a clearly expressed minimum torque is considered. Results. The analysis of the AE is based on its G-shaped replacement scheme. The mechanical characteristics of AE in different modes of operation were considered and analyzed in details. The mechanical characteristics of the AE were calculated in the presence of a minimal moment in it. It is determined that the value of the critical slip depends on the value of the active resistance of the rotor circle. Since the current of the motor is proportional to the voltage in the first stage, and the moment is the supply voltage squared, therefore, the characteristics of the voltage drop change both qualitatively and quantitatively. Originality. The current value of the moment of the AE depends on the square of the supply voltage, the active and inductive resistance of the windings of the rotor and the stator with the given values of slip and synchronous angular velocity. For all values of the voltage, the critical velocity (critical slip) does not change, that is, it does not depend on the voltage value. The magnitude of the moment varies significantly with the change in voltage. Practical value. In real conditions, all industrial networks may be subject to voltage, therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor how significant it is to reduce the maximum and starting moments of the drives when reducing the voltage and how much they meet the demands of the technological process. If the control of a traction electric drive based on an electric motor is considered, the fact that the voltage from the energy storage will vary with the discharge should also be taken into account. Consequently, there will be a change in both the starting and the maximum moment that this drive can develop.Keywords: asynchronous motor; mechanical characteristic; minimum torque; Clause formula; traction electric drive; electric car; electric drive system.

The article first proposed an approach to improving the accuracy of quantitative assessment of reliability indicators of radio-electronic means with a variable structure, operating in different modes of operation using separate sets of elements in each of them. In the well-known works, this circumstance is not taken into account and there liability indicators of the product are estimated under the assumption that all elements operate simultaneously, which leads to a decrease in the calculated value of mean time to failure. The problem is solved by the introduction of the utilization rate of each structural element of the product in all possible modes of operation. An example of using the obtained results for the quantitative assessment of the time to failure of a radio station is given, and the effect of clarifying the calculations is shown.Reliability of radio-electronic means is quantitatively evaluated by indicators, the main ones being the time between products failure and the average time of its recovery. They define a comprehensive measure of reliability - availability. Reducing the calculated value of time between failures requires, to ensure its desired value, the use of more reliable components, which leads to an increase in the value of the product as a whole.The article for the first time obtained a mathematical model for assessing reliability indicators, taking into account the product operation time in each of the possible modes, and when calculating the maintainability index, metrological reliability of measuring equipment tools that are used in the process of diagnostics during radio repair is taken into account.The proposed model for estimating the values of reliability indicators of objects with variable structure is advisable to use at the design stage of modern radio electronic equipment. The effect of its implementation is to provide the specified values of reliability indicators of multi-mode electronic means at their minimum cost.

Purpose. Development and substantiation of a new method of structural identification of electrical devices of electric traction systems for both DC and AC current. Methodology. To solve this problem the following methods are used: the methods and techniques of the linear electrical engineering, in particular, the Laplace operator method; the numerical method for solving the integral equation, which is based on the representation of the Wiener-Hopf linear equations system (this allows forming the solutions of the problem in a mathematical form of the correlation and weight functions); the factorization method, which provides certain partition of the correlation functions of the stochastic processes. Findings. It was developed the method of weight function of the electrical devices identification, which can be fully used in the systems of electric traction. As the use example of the developed method it was considered a feeder section of DC electric traction with the single power supply. On this section move two electric locomotives of the type DE 1, they have been identified by the weighting functions. The required currents and voltages of electric locomotives are also formulated in the electric traction network in probabilistic and statistical form, that is, the functions of mathematical expectation and the correlation functions are determined. At this, it is taken into account that the correlation function of the sum of random functions is equal to the sum of the correlation functions of additives, and the correlation function of the integral of a random function is defined as the double integral of the correlation function of the output of a random function. Originality. Firstly, originality consists of the adaption of the developed method of structural identification for the devices of electric traction system. Secondly, it lies in the proper development of the new method of weight function. And finally, it lies in the solution of the Wiener-Hopf equation using the correlation method of factorization. Practical value. The developed method and the technique that is based on it, allow predicting electric traction loadings of the traction network, as well as the other devices of the traction energy systems and the electric motive power in the different modes of operation and, in particular, during the high-speed train traffic. The method takes into account the load influence (and its mode of operation) of the adjacent feeder zones on the electromagnetic processes in the studied intersubstation area. Thus, it is important that the required voltages and currents are considered as the random functions.