Augmented Reality Mobile Tourism Application

The rapid growth in the use of smart phones and respective mobile applications has created new ways for the tourism industry to market the services to customers. The growing use of smart phones is driving the mobile applications market to be one of the fastest growing media outlets in the history of consumer technology. Augmented reality, or AR, has become one of the new advertising and marketing tool. Many brands use AR to attract customers and to increase customer engagement. AR allows smart phone and tablet computer users to point their phone or tablet cameras at certain objects—be they print advertisement or even coffee cups—that trigger a 3D video. Augmented reality gives businesses opportunity to unexpectedly integrate the digital world with the real world. This chapter presents the profile of AR applications and AR advertisements in the tourism industry.

The adolescent is at risk of having unhealthy behaviors such as premarital sex, which will result in the occurrence of pregnancies, abortions, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). One of these technological advances is information technology (IT) which has applied in various aspects of human life. Technology information is important for the millennial generation, one of which is inseparable from the use of smartphones. The objectives of this review are identifying and develop an android-based educational application so that teenagers can use the technologies to knowledge especially about the reproductive health of girls in an attractive manner with existing features. The literature review refers to 5 articles obtained from e Pubmed, Undip E-journal, and Google Scholar databases over the past 5 years. Keywords in article search are mobile application, education, reproductive health, adolescent knowledge, health, and smartphone applications. Data analysis techniques that have been done are compare, contrast, criticize, syntesize and summarize. Inclusion criteria for articles are scientific articles with the last 5 years publication period, reliable and accredited articles, types of original research articles, and case studies. The exclusion criteria are undergraduate student research articles. From the literature study shows that those applications are much helpful in reducing problems that often occur in adolescents, for example: The Girl Talk application significantly increases the knowledge of adolescent girls (35.3% vs. 94.1%; p <0.001) respectively. Each application has a positive impact on improving adolescent health.

Smartphones and mobile applications (apps) in clinical nursing education: A student perspective

Extended-Reality Technologies: An Overview of Emerging Applications in Medical Education and Clinical Care.

Digital transformation has become a buzzword across many industries, and the dental field is no exception. Based on electronic health data, digital transformation is acknowledged as one of the biggest game-changers of the twenty-first century, tackling both current and future challenges in dental and oral healthcare. A novel method for addressing today’s major healthcare issues, such as an ageing population with a higher incidence of chronic diseases and higher lifetime treatment costs, is offered by the utilization of digital tools and apps. Health care providers may improve patient satisfaction, develop loyalty and trust, and streamline operations with the aid of digitalization. The trend of digitalization has also been influenced and nurtured by the social and cultural habits of civilised society in industrialised nations. These behaviours include urbanism, centralization, mobility, and constant accessibility through the use of smartphones, tablets, and the internet of things (IoT). In order to ensure transparency for all parties involved—including patients, healthcare providers, universities and research institutions, the medtech industry, insurance, the public media, and state policy— digital dentistry necessitates managing expectations in a more pragmatic and realistic manner. It is not to be construed that digital smart data technology will eventually take the place of people who can provide dental competence and patient empathy. The dental team in charge of digital applications is still crucial to patient care and will always be so. Many difficulties arise in the process of gathering, storing, and analysing digital biological patient data. Safeguarding patient data for optimal safety requires not just technical considerations for managing massive volumes of data, but also adherence to globally established norms and ethical guidelines.1 There are four main categories that best describe the advantages of digital dental technologies in Prosthodontics. The first and foremost is improved communication. Dental laboratory staff, patients, dentists, and other stakeholders may all communicate clearly with the help of computerized patient records. Furthermore, digital radiographs and pictures depicting intraoral conditions improve the information exchange between medical professionals and patients. One of the main benefits of integrated electronic patient records is error-free, real-time communication. Enhanced record keeping, data fidelity, workflow efficiency, and therapeutic outcomes are among the benefits of increased quality. Real-time clinical improvement is made possible by intraoral scanning of tooth preparations that are examined in highly contrasted, magnified fields on a computer screen while the patient is in direct view. Data archiving for specific patients is the third benefit. The following are some benefits of using 3-D archived diagnostic casts: a) long-lasting images without causing damage or loss to the original casts; b) allowing the images to be interfaced with other images for analysis using cutting-edge analytical and design tools; c) removing human error; and d) reduced costs for storage. The fourth and most significant advantage of digital technology in Prosthodontics is its favourable effect on patient satisfaction. More advanced treatment plans are driven by the enhanced diagnostic data. Several factors, such as time constraints, IT support costs, a lack of basic computer skills, disruptions to workflow, privacy and security concerns, interprofessional and intersystem connections, and technical and expert support, are impeding the adoption of digital technology in Prosthodontics.2,3 Several digital processes for production processing in Prosthodontics have already been incorporated into treatment procedures, particularly in the quickly expanding fields of rapid prototyping (RP) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/ CAM). Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have created new opportunities for automated processing in radiological imaging. Furthermore, the technology underlying the superimposition of various imaging files to create virtual dentistry patients and non-invasive simulations comparing various outcomes before any clinical intervention is known as augmented and virtual reality, or AR/VR. These exciting new technologies—whose potential applications are still up in the air—have been made conceivable by increased IT capability.1,2,3 The process of rapidly and autonomously creating three-dimensional (3D) models of a finished product or a component of a whole using 3D printers is known as rapid prototyping. Complex 3D geometries can be produced at a reasonable cost with minimal material waste, thanks to the additive manufacturing technique. The workpiece is virtually sliced into multiple two dimensional layers. The tool-path is then generated by the AM machine in both the x and y dimensions. A three-dimensional component is formed by sequentially depositing each material layer on top of the other. The foundation of this novel approach is the slicing of a three-dimensional CAD model into numerous thin layers, which are then built one after the other by manufacturing machinery using the geometric data. Dental technology can benefit greatly from RP’s mass manufacture of dental models and its ability to fabricate implant surgical guides. Large-scale, simultaneous production in a repeatable, standardized manner is highly advantageous from an economic perspective.4 Augmented reality, or AR, is an interactive technology that uses computer-animated perceptual data to enhance a real-world experience. Stated differently, augmented reality is the addition of virtual content to the physical world. Usually, it involves superimposing extra digital data on real-time pictures or movies. In contrast, virtual reality relies solely on artificial, non-reality-connected computerized settings. Every imaginable form of sensation, primarily visual, aural, and haptic, can be employed alone or in any combination, depending on the technique. In addition to several fascinating advancements for patients and healthcare professionals, AR/VR technologies are currently finding a growing number of applications in the field of Prosthodontics as a whole.5,6 Artificial Intelligence has come a long way in the last ten years. The field of Prosthodontics is about to benefit from the most intriguing AI applications that are just around the corner. Though AI is developing quickly, it will never be able to fully replace human intelligence, skill, or capacity to make decisions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in prosthodontics is growing exponentially. The implementation’s results are on par with, and sometimes even better than, those of humans. AI can be seen as a potential tool in every area, including the identification of marginal lines, the classification of denture fixtures and maxillofacial prosthesis, and the reduction of human error in implant cementation. Furthermore, AI cannot take the role of human knowledge, skill, or treatment planning; it can only support clinicians in carrying out their responsibilities in a professional manner. AI is generally recognized as a great tool for Prosthodontists, despite the fact that there are still obstacles to be addressed, including data collection, interpretation, computing power, and ethical issues. With careful design and long-term clinical validation, AI can be transparent, unbiased, repeatable, and user-friendly.7,8 Future research should emphasize the connection between oral and general health in order to concentrate on patient-centered outcomes and personalized therapy. Research in Prosthodontics ought to be useful to society in this context. It shouldn’t only produce papers for scientific journals; instead, it should aim to improve clinical protocols. Research and development in material science and related technical applications aim to preserve tooth structures with early diagnosis, repair of dental conditions to attain aesthetics, function with high degree of predictability, along with fewer appointments. Digital technology has a significant impact on patient motivation, clinical aspects, laboratory procedures, student training, practice management, and research.

Efficient mobile AR technology using scalable recognition and tracking based on server-client model

UIAR Common Sense: an Augmented Reality Framework for Creating Games to Collect Common Sense from Users

Introduction: The introduction of Clinical Information Systems (CIS) to manage and store patient information has deeply modified the workflow of caregivers. As the information is no longer stored on a physical medium, caregivers depend on the presence of a computer to access patient data. This constraint has built up an invisible barrier between the source of information and the place of its use. The popularisation of mobile devices offers an oportunity to break this barrier by providing a ubiquitous access to information. The use of a mobile platform merges the advantages of a modern CIS and the mobility offered by paper. We have developed an application on a mobile device that nurses can carry along on all their visits. It allows the information gathered during their visits to be entered directly into the system. Method: The tool we present aims to manage the daily interventions of nurses. The interventions concern all kinds of treatments provided by nurses to patients. In the current organisation, nurses start their day by printing out all the daily interventions and use it as a procedure to follow. Every time a nurse performs an intervention, she takes a note indicating that the task has been done properly. When they have some spare time, nurses enter all the gathered information in the CIS. Once nurses are equipped with mobile devices, paper becomes useless. Consequently, the process is simplified. Replacing the paper by a mobile device application is not straightforward. In order to access patient information, the tool must be linked to the existing CIS of the hospital without creating too strong dependencies. Moreover, the mobile interface must be adapted to the specificities of the mobile device such as a smaller display size, a reduced computational power, a tactile-based interaction and a real-time usage. Results: In order to link the mobile application to the existing CIS, we relied on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). It was mandatory to think of a software architecture that would not create a dependency with any legacy system. Thus, we defined a gateway server providing centralised access for the mobile application to any required information to or from the CIS. Integrating any mobile application would only require integrating this bridge. The gateway server also clearly separates the services that are available remotely from the ones proposed as usual Web services. The developed application not only allows the validation of the interventions and the input of measures, but it also offers a simple way to define the context in which nurses are working. This context is necessary to identify the specific list of interventions for the patients under the caregiver’s responsibility. The current CIS of the HUG includes a module that provides information concerning the interventions. Its interface is adjusted for a personal computer screen. Since caregivers are accustomed to this organisation of the information, we aimed to develop an interface on a mobile device that guarantees a certain level of homogeneity with the existing PC application. However, a mobile device’s screen is of limited size, therefore the interface has been completely rebuilt to be adapted to the new display. To deal with the limited display size, we rely on hierarchy and indexicality principles. For instance, based on the hypothesis that all tasks belonging to one category and planned at the same time can be regrouped under a single item; we regroup the interventions of similar top level in a common item. Moreover, to minimise user manipulations, relevant items are automatically moved to the top. Conclusion: The current daily workflow of nurses cannot be managed consistently using a unique tool. The need to switch from paper to computer induces work overload and is a source of errors. Therefore, we have developed a program running on a mobile device that nurses can carry during their visits. This program allows to manage nurses' daily interventions in real-time. The development of such a tool has required a complete reconstruction of the classical personal computer interface. This new interface takes into account a smaller display size, an innovative interaction paradigm, and real-time constraints.

Mobile systems and mobile applications have gained a lot of attention both in research and industry over the last years. The market share of mobile devices is constantly growing. More and more, users expect their mobile devices to provide functionality similar to the one they know from their desktop computers, but also to provide additional, mobile device specific functionality, like location based services. However, software development for mobile devices is still cumbersome and a methodology geared towards supporting the development of such mobile applications is still lacking. While there is broad agreement that developing for mobile devices is more difficult than traditional software engineering, we lack a precise understanding that goes beyond anecdotic evidence of why this is the case and how the situation can be ameliorated. We do not precisely know where and how the development of mobile application differs from “normal” software development and where new methodologies are needed. Aspects that need to be addressed in this context are, among others, the questions of software architectures for mobile applications, approaches to the software design for mobile applications and how the consequences of being mobile, e. g., changing location, changing context, changing connectivity, heterogeneous software and platforms influence the software development process and what design approaches do reflect the specialties of mobile applications and systems appropriately. While this special issue cannot provide a definite or complete answer to these questions, it does provide answers to some important aspects. In the following, we will first try to get a more thorough understanding of some of the main differences between mobile and classical application development and will then discuss how the papers contained in this special issue address these differences.

In the nowadays enterprise computerized context, there is a trend that shifts the business applications to the new mobile environments. In the light of this information, it is highly important to be knowledgeable about the software development methodologies available in order to make the right choice when it comes to developing a mobile application. The current research aims to presenting the methodological approaches regarding the development cycle of classic enterprise software versus mobile apps. In the first part of the paper a brief literature review regarding the mobile is made, for the purpose of justifying the current research theme. The most consistent part of the article puts face-to-face the classical and the new development methodologies adapted to the requirements of the new mobile environment trends. The paper also presents the challenges and limitations of mobile applications as well as few of the future trends in the researched domain.Keywords: Application 's Lifecycle Models, Agile Models, Mobile Environment, Mobile Apps1 Introduction to Mobile ApplicationsMobile applications, also referred to as mobile apps, are software applications that are usually designed to be ran on smart phones and tablet computers [1], The term apps had become extremely popular and, as a consequence, in 2010 was listed as Word of the Year by the American Dialect Society. Mobile applications are available through application distribution platforms, which are managed by mobile operating system developer.There are several major trends that we believe it contributes to the boost of using the today mobile applications:* the increased availability and options to Internet connection for mobile devices;* the shift to the new mobile environments for the business applications;* cloud application's development;* the newest research findings that identifies new technologies which increased the performance of mobile device while the price remained at the same level, allowed mobile devices to became available for a wider variety of users.Another important aspect, when it comes to mobile application development, is the number of users. Thus, the number of mobile worldwide workers in 2013 is over 1 billion and accounts for about 35% of the worldwide workforce. The structure of the above ratio shows that Asia/Pacific (including Japan) have the largest total number of mobile workers, 785 million, while the second place is taken by Western Europe whose mobile workforce reached 129.5 million in 2013 and accounts for about half of the Western European workforce population. The study [2] also highlights that US has the highest percentage of mobile workers in its workforce, with 75.5% by the end 2013 accounting to 119.7 million mobile workers. A quick glimpse to the future is displayed in the two most recent studies which predict that mobile worker population will reach 1.2 billion by 2014 (a VDC study [3]) and 1.3 billion by 2015 (an IDC study [4]).Every day, hundred thousands of mobile devices are sold and about the same number of applications is downloaded. By 2015, International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts [5] that 182.7 billion mobile will be downloaded. That's a 1600 % increase from the 10.7 billion downloaded in 2010. This information highlights the mobile user's appetite for a wide range of software applications.Cloud application development brings innovation [6] to mobile computing as mobile devices use clouds for a wide range of purposes, from data processing and data storage to other intensive data and information transactions. So far, there are few mobile cloud applications (like Google Maps, Gmail for iPhone and Cisco's WebEx on iPad and several others that use Software as a Service model) but the trend is highly increasing.The main purpose of the paper is to present the methodologies for developing classic enterprise application versus mobile applications. …

In recent years the use of smartphones has increased because the convergence of technologies related in the development of these mobile devices. This convergence relates to communication, handheld devices and applications. The most common development platforms are Android, iOS, Windows Phone and Symbian. In most cases mobile application developers restrict the development to one or two platforms, since there is not strong multi-platform execution support. For example, an iOS application will not run on Android or another system. One solution is web development, but it presents some problems such as adaptability, overload on servers, low use of device capabilities, and poor code reuse. A better solution is to develop a middleware that helps to develop open applications. This paper gives an analysis of the problems involved in the design of open mobile applications, challenges and some solutions.

IntroductionNowadays, more and more digital resources are used in modern mathematical modeling classes. In order to access these resources, students need a suitable digital device—often mobile devices are used for this purpose. There are several concepts to enable students access to such devices. For example, students can be allowed to use their self-owned devices [Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) concept] or teachers can hand out school-owned devices to their students [device pool (pool) concept]. Currently, little is known about possible effects of different mobile device access concepts on student learning. Hence, in this study, we investigated their effects on students’ mathematical modeling competence. In doing so, we also considered an interaction between the access concept and the effects of (a) students’ problematic smartphone use and (b) students’ fear of missing out on learning mathematical modeling.MethodTo this end, we conducted an experiment, measured students’ mathematical modeling competence as the outcome variable, and analyzed data of 263 German students in grades 8 and 9 using a multilevel model. In the experiment, students were randomly assigned to one of two study conditions and completed a mathematics modeling workshop. In the BYOD condition, students utilized their self-owned smartphones to work on the workshop tasks, whereas in the pool condition, students utilized institutionally provided smartphones.ResultsAs a main finding, our results showed an interaction effect between the mobile device access concept and students’ problematic smartphone use on their competence (β = −0.24, 95% CI [−0.47, −0.01]). Students utilizing their self-owned smartphones were negatively affected by their problematic smartphone use (B = −1.45, 95% CI [−2.45, −0.46]), whereas students utilizing provided smartphones were not affected (B = 0.04, 95% CI [−1.01, 1.09]). Students with maximal problematic smartphone use achieved higher competences when utilizing provided devices (BBYOD−Pool = −1.20, 95% CI [–2.35, –0.05]).DiscussionOur study demonstrates the importance of thinking about effects of student-owned and provided digital devices on mathematics learning. Finally, we discuss (a) that our results do not reveal a general preferability for one of the two access concepts, as well as (b) the relevance of student characteristics when choosing an access concept.

The intention of consumers to use mobile applications with augmented reality is analyzed in order to assess which variables have the greatest influence on their use by consumers. The UTAUT-2 model has been used, analyzing: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, price value, facilitating conditions, habit and behavioural intention. The results show that predictors of a more social nature, such as aspects associated with perceived enjoyment: habits and social influence are not supported. Also, the hypothesis on the value of price could not be supported; since most augmented reality applications are free, although it is a variable that exerts a positive influence on the intention to use because of the perceived benefits. The demographic profiles of consumers can also become important predictors when using augmented reality apps, being the millennial generation and generation Z the most likely to use mobile devices with augmented reality.

Lately, mobile augmented reality (AR) has become very popular and is used for many commercial and product promotional activities. However, in almost all mobile AR applications, the user only views annotated information or the preset motion of the virtual object in an AR environment and is unable to interact with the virtual objects as if he/she were interacting with real objects in the real environment. In this paper, in an attempt to realize enhanced intuitive and realistic object manipulation in the mobile AR environment, we propose an integrated view-input AR interaction method, which integrates user device manipulation and virtual object manipulation. The method enables the user to hold a 3D virtual object by touching the displayed object on the 2D touch screen of a mobile device, and to move and rotate the object by moving and rotating the mobile device while viewing the held object by way of the 2D screen of the mobile device. Based on this concept, we implemented three types of integrated methods, namely the Rod, Center, and Touch methods, and conducted a user study to investigate the baseline performance metrics of the proposed method on an AR object manipulation task. The Rod method achieved the highest success rate (91%). Participants' feedback indicated that this is because the Rod method is the most natural, and evoked a fixed mental model that is conceivable in the real environment. These results indicated that visualizing the manipulation point on the screen and restricting the user's interactivity with virtual objects from the user's position of view based on a conceivable mental model would be able to aid the user to achieve precise manipulation.

Practical exercises are a crucial part of many curricula. Even simple exercises can improve the understanding of the underlying subject. Most experimental setups require special hardware. To carry out e. g. a lens experiments the students need access to an optical bench, various lenses, light sources, apertures and a screen. In our previous publication we demonstrated the use of augmented reality visualization techniques in order to let the students prepare with a simulated experimental setup. Within the context of our intended blended learning concept we want to utilize augmented or virtual reality techniques for stationary laboratory exercises. Unlike applications running on mobile devices, stationary setups can be extended more easily with additional interfaces and thus allow for more complex interactions and simulations in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). The most significant difference is the possibility to allow interactions beyond touching a screen. The LEAP Motion controller is a small inexpensive device that allows for the tracking of the user’s hands and fingers in three dimensions. It is conceivable to allow the user to interact with the simulation’s virtual elements by the user’s very hand position, movement and gesture. In this paper we evaluate possible applications of the LEAP Motion controller for simulated experiments in augmented and virtual reality. We pay particular attention to the devices strengths and weaknesses and want to point out useful and less useful application scenarios. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.