Australia and Online Learning — Lessons for Effective Implementation

This study aims to promote the development of vocational education in our country energetically. The analysis is followed by introducing the course of development on vocational and technical education in Britain and summarizing the successful experience of vocation in our country with strengthening the funding and legislation for the state of vocational education as well as putting forward suggestions for reform and innovation of education to improve the system of certificates.

The main purpose of this action research is to determine the effect of continuous supervision on improving the pedagogic competence of teachers in Planning and Implementing Online Learning at SDN Wonokusumo VI/45 Surabaya. In addition, because there are other alternative actions, this action research also aims to determine the class teacher's teaching preparation and the suitability, accuracy and integration of the online learning plans that have been prepared. Online or online learning is considered a solution for teaching and learning activities to continue in the midst of the corona pandemic. Online learning is learning without face to face directly between teachers and students, but is done online. Learning is done through video conferencing, e-learning or distance learning. Although it has been agreed, this method is controversial. For teachers, the online learning system is only effective for assignments. They consider that to make students understand the material, the online method is considered difficult. The implementation of continuous supervision in an effort to improve the pedagogic competence of teachers in Planning and Implementing Online Learning was carried out on 14 teachers at SDN Wonokusumo VI/45 Surabaya through a mechanism of 2 cycles, each of which used 11 effective school days. Cycle I, which was held on August 1-15, 2021, achieved 21% completeness in the poor category, while in cycle II, which was held on August 16-31, 2021, it was able to achieve 100% cycle completion in the very good category. From these results, the authors convey that the implementation of continuous supervision is very effective in improving the pedagogic competence of teachers in Planning and Implementing Online Learning at SDN Wonokusumo VI/45 Surabaya. The increase in pedagogic competence is only limited to aspects of planning and implementing online learning and several other factors that influence besides continuous supervision are the quality of online learning plans, the existence of supporting school infrastructure and training.

This study aims to identify and describe the implementation of online learning in fifth grade students of Bethel Elementary School. This type of research is a qualitative research whose results are described, the study consists of 5 people, 4 students and 1 class teacher. Data collection techniques using direct observation techniques, direct communication techniques, and documentation techniques. Data collection tools in the form of observation sheets, interview sheets, field notes, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses Miles and Huberman analysis techniques through data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions. The validity of the data using source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of the study show that: 1) the implementation of online learning for students includes three stages: a) through planning, namely compiling the syllabus and lesson plans regarding the material to be delivered through online learning, b) implementation of the preliminary, core, and closing activities by providing motivation, advice, and giving assignments during the online learning process. 2) the impact of the implementation of online learning on students, namely the limited use of the internet and difficulty understanding the material presented by the teacher. The impact for teachers, in preparing for learning is less than optimal and teachers are required to be able to carry out online learning, even though some of these teachers are still lacking in the use of technology. 3) the responses of teachers and students after carrying out online learning, regarding the implementation of online learning that the implementation of online learning is distance learning, can be carried out anywhere, difficulties in using networks, teachers lack mastery in the use of technology, and teachers feel there are limitations in the delivery of the material being taught . In conclusion, the implementation of online learning is learning that is carried out within the network (online) using the Whatsapp application

Introduction - Since Covid-19 has spread to Indonesia, the teaching and learning process is carried out online. During the implementation of online teaching and learning process, students faced challenges.
 The researcher also presents the research questions and objectives of the research. The benefits of the research for the teachers, the students, other researchers and the institution are provided in the section of significance of the study. Then, the researcher presents the organization of the chapters.
 Purpose - This research aimed to find out students’ challenges and strategies when doing online learning.
 Methodology - The researcher used a descriptive qualitative design. The researcher used interview as the data collection technique and interview guideline as the instrument of the research.
 Findings - There are eight challenges faced by the students, namely the unexplained materials, lack effective interaction between the students and the teacher, the inappropriate teacher’s time management, bad internet connection, the teachers’ unavailability to respond the students’ questions, incompetent teachers on online application, uncooperative and passive peer students, and difficulty in discussing in group work. Meanwhile, the strategies used by the students to overcome challenges when doing online learning included first by joining private course and looking for other sources, second by requesting additional time, third by prepared collaboration with friends, fourth by providing feedback and suggestions for the teachers, fifth by coordinating group members and being more active.
 Originality - In the application of online learning in the teaching and learning process, there are challenges that must be faced by students. The aims of this study is the researcher believe the students’ perceptions are very important in ensuring the quality of learning process, as the students are the most important subject who are affected by the implementation of online learning.

Efforts to prevent the development of the spread of Covid-19 in the education unit environment are the shift from face to face learning to distance learning by using online media. Online learning is one of the efforts to build and create active learning based on information and communication technology to support government programs in preparing students to become a generation that is ready to welcome the industrial revolution 4.0 era in 21st century learning. For online learning to run effectively and provide good learning outcomes optimal motivation is needed for students to study and discuss the material independently. This study aims to examine the relationship between achievement motivation and student learning outcomes and describe student responses in the implementation of online learning during the Covid-19 period. The form of research uses mixed methods with commensurate status, namely using a qualitative descriptive approach and a quantitative approach. A qualitative descriptive approach is used to describe student responses to online learning. While the quantitative approach is used to examine the relationship between achievement motivation and student learning outcomes. The research sample is 4th semester students in the even period of the 2020/2021 academic year totaling 99 students. Sampling using cluster random sampling technique. Data collection techniques using indirect communication techniques and measurement techniques. Data collection tools are achievement motivation scale, response questionnaire and learning outcomes test. Testing the research hypothesis, used the Kendall Tau test. The results showed that (a) There were 95.5% of students liked Google Meet; 53.7% liked WhatsApp; 28.4 liked email; 10.4 liked Google Classroom; 9.9% liked Edmodo and 0.9% liked You Tube; (b) Most of the students’ responses to the online learning process showed a positive response. Most of the responses to learning interactions show a negative response. While the response to the availability of facilities, most of the student responses were positive; (c) The results of Kendall Tau’s analysis obtained a correlation number of 0.329. This shows that there is a relationship between student achievement motivation and learning outcomes. Research conclusions (a) The online platforms used by lecturers of the Mathematics Education Study Program in online lectures during the pandemic period varied. The applications most favored by students in a row are google meeting, WhatsAp, email, google classroom, edmodo and you tube. (b) Student responses to online learning are positive, except for responses to interactions in learning that are negative. (c) There is a positive and significant relationship between student achievement motivation and student learning outcomes in the implementation of online learning.

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of online learning in history subjects in class X IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pedes Karawang Tahun Ajaran 2020-2021. The aim of the researcher is based on the background of SMA Negeri 1 Pedes Karawang which has just made the transition of learning which was initially face-to-face and then changed to online learning. The formulation of the problem in this study are: 1) How is the implementation of online learning in history subjects in the new normal era of class X IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pedes Karawang 2) What are the obstacles faced in online learning in history subjects in the new normal era of class X IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pedes Karawang 3) How to overcome the obstacles of online learning in history subjects in the new normal era class X IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pedes Karawang. This study used descriptive qualitative method . Techniques in data collection are interviews and observation. The research subjects were the principal and history teacher of class X IPS SMA Negeri 1 Pedes Karawang. This study shows that the implementation of online learning in the form of (1) the use of WhatsApp and Google Classroom applications is still a means of communication and assigning assignments to students (2) Online learning in history subjects has been adjusted to the annual program. (3) Online learning is done by physics or coming directly to the homes of students who do not have tools for learning.

This research has the purpose of finding out the ReadinessReadiness of junior high school teachers in the online learning, and efforts which are carried out as well as obstacles that are dealt with in the online learning implementation at the time of Covid-19 pandemic. The kind of research which is used is qualitative-descriptive, with the interview technique. The result of the research shows that the junior high school educators enthusiastically respond the online learning by preparing the online learning devices and promoting the change of learning system to the students, and the online learning system is executed by utilizing applications, such as short message service, Whatsapp group, Zoom, phone, or live chat. The result of this research shows that junior high school teachers are ready to implement online learning in spite of not being optimal and dealing with various obstacles.

During the outbreak of COVID-19, schools at all levels were closed and face-to-face classes were cancelled. The stagnation was considered as the most impactful in human history. Surprisingly, the incident also revealed that the education sector was most vulnerable and yet resilient. Schools that have been implementing e-learning/online learning/blended or flexible learning prior to the pandemic mostly survived and were able to adapt to the new normal while those heavily relied on face-to-face classes delivery suffered the most. Readiness and responsiveness were the two key factors for educational institutions to survive. Readiness here included not merely the preparation of e-learning and teaching resources but also the stakeholders’ learning and teaching practices, habits and willingness. Schools’ timely responses and decision making on the changes of policies, curricula, timetabling as well as choosing the appropriate learning and teaching platforms were equally important. This study looked specifically into one of Hong Kong largest vocational and professional education and training (VPET) institute’s learning and teaching policy and students’ online learning experience in response to the outbreak of the pandemic. The institute also experienced the closed down of campuses and classes suspension due to the social unrest in Hong Kong in 2019. This paper first reviewed the contingency policy followed by a study on the implementation of online learning and teaching activities during the pandemic. A questionnaire survey was then conducted to 1,381 full-time and 193 part-time students on their online learning experience for the enhancement of the online learning and teaching practices and future planning. Results of the study showed that online learning experience varied amongst students from different learning programmes. This study also found that part-time students had a more satisfying online learning experience and were more adaptable to online learning than full-time students. Findings also revealed that clarity and sufficient guideline in using online learning platform and learning materials, enhancement of online assessment as well as guidance, support and feedback from teachers were the salient points to be addressed.

The study examined how online learning affects the performance of public universities in Kenya,focusing on how Learning Management Systems (LMS), institutional readiness, andimplementation efficiency influence academic and institutional outcomes. Although onlinelearning has been globally recognized for expanding access and flexibility, evidence fromdeveloping countries, including Kenya, shows inconsistent adoption and limited effectivenessdue to infrastructural and pedagogical challenges. The study addressed this gap by analyzing therelationship between online learning systems and university performance. Specifically, it soughtto: (i) examine the effect of online learning systems on academic performance, and (ii) assessinstitutional readiness and efficiency in implementing online learning. The study covered sevenpurposively selected public universities, involving 537 respondents (384 students and 153 staff).Using a descriptive quantitative research design, guided by pragmatism and deductive reasoning,data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, supported by secondarydocuments. Stratified and simple random sampling ensured representativeness. Reliability testingusing Cronbach’s alpha yielded values between 0.762 and 0.778, confirming strong internalconsistency, while expert review and factor analysis validated the instruments. Data wereanalyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive and inferential techniques, including correlation,ANOVA, and logistic regression. The research was anchored in the Technology AcceptanceModel (TAM) and the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theories, which explain user adoptionbehavior and the institutional diffusion of educational technologies. Findings revealed that LMSimproved openness, communication, and institutional visibility, though efficiency and resourcesharing remained inconsistent. The study concludes that online learning has positively influenceduniversity performance but recommends greater investment in ICT infrastructure, staff training,and innovation-driven learning environments.

Online learning has been one of the best available options for coping with the teaching and learning process during the pandemic era. Understanding teachers' and students' perceptions of online learning has been an important and popular research topic. The focus of the current study is ascertaining whether the teachers and students can do the online teaching and learning process optimally. The subject of the study was 15 teachers and 52 primary students of SD Muhammadiyah 03 Tumpang who have faced online learning for almost two years. This study used a survey method with an online close-ended questionnaire to capture the perceptions of students and teachers on online learning implementation. The results indicated that the teachers and students perceived online learning negatively even though they agreed it was a suitable learning system during the pandemic. The study implies that online learning may positively or negatively impact students and teachers. However, it can be an alternative to learning over a long distance, and it is also one of the ways to define the technology to the teachers and students, especially in rural schools.

This study investigates the implementation of online learning for grade 3 students at MI MA'ARIF KEDENSARI in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to examine the challenges, benefits, and overall effectiveness of online learning in a primary school setting. Qualitative methods, including observation and documentation, were employed to collect data and information. Additionally, interviews were conducted with two teachers and two students to gain insights into the implementation of online learning. The study reveals various obstacles encountered during online learning activities, such as limited access to cellphones and poor signal availability, which hindered student participation. Furthermore, through the interviews, both positive and negative aspects of online learning were identified. These findings have implications for educational institutions and policymakers, emphasizing the need for addressing technological limitations and designing effective online learning strategies for young students. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on online education and provides valuable insights into the challenges faced during its implementation at the grade 3 level.
 Highlights: 
 
 Limited access: The study reveals the challenges faced by grade 3 students in online learning due to limitations in cellphones and poor signal availability.
 Comprehensive data collection: Researchers utilized qualitative methods such as observation, documentation, and interviews with teachers and students to gather information on the implementation of online learning.
 Mixed outcomes: The research findings highlight both positive and negative aspects of online learning for grade 3 students, indicating a need for further examination and improvement in the online education process.
 
 Keywords: online learning, grade 3 students, implementation, obstacles, positive and negative aspects

The Covid-19 virus has spread in Indonesia, various efforts have been made to suppress the spread of this virus, one of which is the implementation of online learning. For this reason, the implementation of online learning is considered able to reduce the spread of the existing virus. This online learning has several obstacles. One of them is that many students do not have independence in learning. So the role of parents in accompanying their children in learning is very important. However, the problem is that many parents cannot accompany their children to study as happened at Perum TAMARA. This is because parents do not have the ability to educate and or parents are busy working, the relationship between parents and students is uncertain and children are slow to learn. Even though the role of parents is very influential on the success of online learning. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to find out how the role of parents is to be ready to do online learning for their children. Alternative KKNT UMTAS Group 13 has a program for online learning assistance. Where children who are around Perum and around Perum will be accompanied when online learning or doing school assignments that are not yet understood.

This study delves into the users’ state of mind with regard to the use of online platforms for educational purposes, specifically in the context of higher education. The purpose of this study, which employs a survey method, is to investigate how students perceive online teaching and learning in higher education and contribute to the growing collaboration between higher education researchers studying 21st-century learning concepts and Indonesian universities, which are increasingly implementing online teaching and learning. This study analyses various significant problems, including the process of online teaching and learning at universities, the difficulties of its implementation, and the users’ perceptions and attitudes towards the implementation of online teaching and learning. Overall, it is found that both students and lecturers prefer offline, face-to-face interaction in class rather than the online system. It is possible to state that both the lecturers and the students who have been attached to the conventional method of instruction and learning process are not prepared for the shift from offline to online learning. Even though online learning has been implemented, there is still a lack of consensus on the best practices for an effective online classroom. In addition to this, the fact that the institution does impose any fixed regulation also plays an important role in this. Keywords: State of Mind, Online Teaching and Learning, Higher Education

Aim/Purpose: The purposes of this research are to analyze online learning management activities conducted by the principals of junior high schools in Indonesia in facing COVID-19 as well as to discuss their perspective and expectations towards online learning activities when facing COVID-19 and after COVID-19 has passed. Background: Due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture instructed that teaching and learning activities for all levels of education in Indonesia must be carried out online from home. There have been comprehensive reports about the various forms of online learning, its effects on students, the challenges, the learning transition from offline to online, and teachers’ views on this new approach. Very few, if any, focus on how principals act upon the transition during this COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this research focuses on how principals overcome various problems that arise in the implementation of online learning activities. Methodology: As many as 309 principals of junior high school from twelve districts in Indonesia were asked to give their responses to a set of questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire was analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The percentage was mainly used in the descriptive analysis. To obtain the influence among variables, the statistical inferential analysis was used. Contribution: Although the sample size of this research is limited, the results may contribute to the existing theory and practice related to the implementation of online learning in Indonesia. The findings of this research could be a guide for principals to manage online learning in the future. Findings: The data analysis showed that the constructs of organizing and monitoring-evaluation were found to play an important role as a mediator between the variables of planning with implementation of principal management in online learning. Path analysis demonstrated that the implementation variable was significantly influenced by the variables of planning, organizing and monitoring-evaluation, with a contribution value of 78.20%. Thus, it indicated that the planning, organizing and monitoring-evaluation variables contributed directly or indirectly to the implementation of principal management in online learning. Generally, the online learning management activities conducted by the principals of junior high schools in Indonesia have been carried out well, especially in the Implementing aspect. However, the aspects of Planning, as well as Monitoring and Evaluation, still need to be improved. Recommendations for Practitioners: The government is recommended to provide adequate online learning supporting facilities as well as to facilitate teachers to increase insight and knowledge in terms of technology use, especially in designing, implementing, and providing assessments of online learning. So far, the government has provided some facilities and conveniences to principals and teachers. However, some information and ICT related trainings from the government during the COVID-19 pandemic is not widely known by the principals and the teachers. Socialization about these is needed. Recommendation for Researchers: This work offers a theoretical understanding of the problems faced by school principals in facing COVID-19. Further research on how principals and teachers manage online learning activities needs to be carried out to solve various problems which might arise during the process of implementation. Impact on Society: This research suggests that the principals in Indonesia have good online learning management. However, to reach the stated learning objectives efficiently and effectively, the principals need to collaborate with the teachers as the main facilitators of the teaching and learning process. Cooperation with parents is also highly recommended. Future Research: Further research should focus on how the application of online learning can improve students’ achievement through good management and collaboration with teachers, other administration staff at schools, and parents.

This research is motivated by the many complaints from the implementation of online learning at various levels of education caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. What is felt is that in the education sector, learning is carried out face-to-face into online learning. The purpose of this study was to determine how the implementation of online learning at SD Negeri Gedangan Sidoarjo Regency and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing online learning at SD Negeri Gedangan Sidoarjo Regency. This research used descriptive qualitative research methods by observing, interviewing, and documenting. The results of this study indicate that online learning delivery communication is considered good enough, resources in online learning still have several problems with facilities that are still not fulfilled. The disposition is good with the assurance of the implementation of online learning by being given an internet quota, but it is still not optimal and still has some obstacles. The bureaucratic structure has gone well with the formation of the team. There are supporting factors, namely providing internet quotas, high participation, and conducting bureaucratic arrangements. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is inadequate facilities.