Auto-adapted iterative deflection tomography approaching high frequency shock wave field

Cytotoxic Effects of High Energy Shock Waves on Cancer Cells Linked to Metallic Beads Vehicled by Monoclonal Antibodies

The potential for application of high temperature superconductors captured the imagination of the media as soon as the discovery was announced. [1] As expected by anybody familiar with the history of superconductvity, the path to marketable products has proved to be extremely arduous. However, due to an unprecedented effort in research and development some technologically viable products have already reached the market. Notable among these are high frequency devices made of YBa2Cu3O7-ð (YBCO) films. [2, 3] It was realized early on that of all HTC materials, optimally or slightly overdoped YBCO showed the lowest losses in high frequency fields. The focus on this material has led to the manufacture of extremely high quality films and a thorough investigation of their properties. While the emphasis of device oriented research is on nonlinear effects [4] which limit the power that can be transmitted without deterioration of the device performance, the high quality of the material gives some hope that in the linear regime one actually observes intrinsic properties related to the fundamental question of the symmetry of the pair state and the nature of the pairing mechanism. It is on this regime that we will focus our attention on in this paper

Inherent second harmonic resistive and inductive saliencies are generally employed for the rotor position estimation of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) at standstill and in low speed range. However, the resultant estimated rotor position has an angle ambiguity of π due to the lack of magnetic polarity information in these saliencies. Therefore, this paper utilizes the high frequency (HF) inductance (permeance) harmonics (i.e., HF saliency) generated due to the saturation modulation between the HF field and main flux field for rotor position estimation. Since the HF saliency contains the magnetic polarity information, the resultant carrier responses due to the interaction between the HF field and HF saliency (i.e., the secondary harmonics) can be utilized for the actual rotor position tracking without any ambiguity of machine polarity. This will not only eliminate the time-consuming process of polarity identification, but also enhance the position estimation robustness and stability. Finally, in order to validate the effectiveness of HF saliency-based sensorless control strategies, experiments are carried out on a laboratory PMSM.

A potential technology for use in future hard disk drives is microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR). In a MAMR drive a spin-torque oscillator (STO) is integrated into the write head and applies a high frequency (HF) magnetic field to the recording medium along with the field from the write head. The HF field reduces the switching field of the medium, allowing media with higher uniaxial anisotropy to be used. As the write head moves over the recording medium the HF field seen by the medium grains changes from elliptical to circular to linear and back again. In this work the influence of circular, elliptical and linear HF fields on recording media was examined by calculating hysteresis loops for single and multiple grains.

In this paper we present both results obtained by numerical modeling and experimental results of grape processing in high frequency electromagnetic field. Numerical modeling was performed with the HFSS 15.0 software for the processing in high frequency field. Experimental determinations were made with an applicator with adjustable power from 100 to 1000 W. The following varieties of grapes were processed: Muscat Ottonel, Merlot, and Pinot Noir (harvested in the Crişana-Santimreu vineyard in 2014). The three chosen varieties are characterized by different color and aroma. In our research we aimed at establishing effective processing techniques both in terms of energy and to obtain a high quality final product.

Developing high frequency soft magnetic thin films is still a hot issue due to the requirement of the technology in high frequency field. Traditionally, tuning the high frequency performance of magnetic thin films is realized by tuning the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field of magnetic thin films with amorphous or nanocrystalline structure. There are several methods to obtain the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy such as applying an in-plane magnetic field during thin film deposition, magnetic field annealing, addition of elements or compounds, and patterned thin films to create shape anisotropy method [1]. Moreover, with the increase of the grain size, the high frequency performance becomes worse due to the decrease of the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field and associated the cut-off frequency according to the random exchange anisotropy model of Herzer [2]. However, there are few works are concerned the high frequency properties of epitaxial single crystal film. In this work, Fe0.84Si0.16 (FeSi)/Ta (5 nm) thin films with thickness of 70 nm have been deposited on (001) MgO substrates by rf magnetron sputtering at 400 °C with a base pressure below 3'10 −5 Pa and a processing Ar pressure of 0.2 Pa, and then heat-treated for 1 h at 800 °C with the heating rate of 50 °C/min. MgO/FeSi/Ta shows (002) and (004) peaks, which indicated that FeSi(001)[110]//MgO(001) [100] film is epitaxial growth. The mainly chemical order phase is B2 with a significant A2 disorder phase according to the X-rays diffraction peak intensity ratio [3]. Angular dependence of remanence ratio (ARR) and hysteresis loops with the magnetic field applied parallel to in-plane film were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. A four-fold symmetry of remanence ratio from the ARR graph was observed, indicating the cubic magnetic crystalline anisotropy of FeSi films. However two adjacent easy axis direction remanence ratios are not completely equivalent, which may be caused by a superstition of an extra in-plane uniaxial anisotropy with easy axis along the [100] direction as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, we may conclude the presence of a superstition of a strong four-fold magneto-crystalline anisotropy and a small in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with easy magnetization axis along the [100] and [010] crystallographic directions of FeSi and hard magnetization axis along the [110] and [110] crystallographic directions. The saturation field along [110] direction reaches 550 Oe and the saturation magnetization is about 13 kGs. The dynamic magnetic properties are investigated by the one-terminal micro-strip transmission-line perturbation method in the frequency range 0.1–9 GHz. The permeability spectra are shown in Fig. 2 with an extra magnetic field applied along the [100] easy axis direction. One can see the natural ferromagnetic resonance frequency is around 8.0 GHz for epitaxial FeSi thin films on (001) MgO substrate. The quite large resonance frequency is ascribed to the large magneto crystalline anisotropy field of FeSi films with cubic anisotropy. The obtained Gibert damping constant (a) through fitting the complex permeability (μ) based on Lan-dau-Lifshitz-Gibert equation with the variation of applied magnetic field is around 0.016, which is larger than that of pure Fe film. It maybe understood by the chemical disorder of Fe and Si atoms with A2 structure.

Effects of high-frequency and high-voltage pulsed electric field parameters on water chain formation

Orthogonal projection sampling mode was proposed to reconstruct the incomplete-data flow field in optical computerized tomography (OCT). With numerical simulation technique, a two-peak plane symmetric flow field was reconstructed in different sampling modes and discussed in simulated results is the reconstructive accuracy with error indexes, such as mean square error (MSE) and peak error (PE). The corresponding experiments were researched with a Fabry-Perot rotary interferometer. The results indicated that the errors were drastically reduced and the precision was improved when orthogonal projection sampling mode was adopted in the reconstruction of the incomplete data field. The MSE obtained with orthogonal sampling mode was decreased 72.81% from that of the sequential projection sampling mode (the difference between the MSE obtained with the orthogonal sampling mode and that with the sequential sampling mode divided by the MSE of the sequential sampling mode) and the PE was decreased by 73.97%. The precision obtained from the experimental results reached 10%, which showed the orthogonal projection sampling could be a practicable sampling mode for the incomplete data field reconstruction in OCT and could provide some guidance for the flow-field measurement and apparatus design in the practical situation.

The drift-cyclotron loss-cone (DCLC) instability is driven by both the loss-cone velosity distribution of ions and the density gradient. The instability is most dangerous for MHD stabilized mirror plasma confinements. We investigate the stabilization mechanism by the high frequency field, which suppresses the end loss. The Fokker-Planck equation is numerically computed under the boundary conditions for the end stopper effect. The time varying distribution function deduced is used to calculate the dispersion equation of DCLC instability. It is estimated that the minimum energy of h.f. field to stabilize is 60% of the ion thermal energy.

This paper reports on the first demonstration of an ultra-miniaturized, high frequency (215 MHz) and high sensitivity MEMS resonant magnetic field sensor based on an AlN/FeGaB bilayer nano-plate resonator capable of detecting magnetic field at nano-Tesla level. Despite of the reduced volume and the high operating frequency of the sensor, high electromechanical performances were achieved (quality factor Q ≈ 511 and electromechanical coupling coefficient k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ≈ 1.63%). This first prototype was characterized for different magnetic field levels from 0 to 152 Oe showing a frequency sensitivity of ~ 1 Hz/nT and a limit of detection of ~ 10 nT.

The performance of proper orthogonal decomposition in discontinuous flows

Bioelectrical signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and flow cytometry signals are often affected by both low-frequency and high frequency perturbations during data acquisition. It is necessary to remove these interferences from the acquired data so that the pertinent information needed from these signals can be obtained. Methods for detrending and denoising in ECG are well established, but in the context of impedance cytometry data, there lacks a body of literature available that provides guidance as to a robust methodology for processing the data. For the first time in the context of impedance cytometry, to the best of our knowledge, in this work we systematically studied and compared the performance of different algorithms for detrending and denoising, and developed a procedure to analyze impedance cytometry data with minimal error. This work can serve as guidance to select the optimal algorithm based on the following parameters: Standard Deviation, Correlation Coefficient, Power Spectral Density (PSD), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD). The approaches discussed conventional filtering techniques such as: Butterworth Filtering, Chebyshev Filtering, as well as the thresholding techniques in the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The procedure of selecting the mother wavelet basis functions and the four different thresholding methods are discussed and compared. The performance of the optimized algorithm is compared with the pClamp10 commercially available cytometry analysis software resulting in 19.2% improvement in amplitude preservation, 18.4% improvement in area preservation and more than 50% improvement in the peak-search error rate.

A novel algebraic iterative algorithm based on deflection tomography is presented. This algorithm is derived from the essentials of deflection tomography with a linear expansion of the local basis functions. By use of this algorithm the tomographic problem is finally reduced to the solution of a set of linear equations. The algorithm is demonstrated by mapping a three-peak Gaussian simulative temperature field. Compared with reconstruction results obtained by other traditional deflection algorithms, its reconstruction results provide a significant improvement in reconstruction accuracy, especially in cases with noisy data added. In the density diagnosis of a hypersonic wind tunnel, this algorithm is adopted to reconstruct density distributions of an axial symmetry flow field. One cross section of the reconstruction results is selected to be compared with the inverse Abel transform algorithm. Results show that the novel algorithm can achieve an accuracy equivalent to the inverse Abel transform algorithm. However, the novel algorithm is more versatile because it is applicable to arbitrary kinds of distribution.

A new algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), nonlinear auto-adjusting iterative reconstruction technique (NAIRT), is proposed and applied to reconstruct a section of an actual thermal air flow field. With numerical simulation, NAIRT was tested to reconstruct a complicated field to demonstrate its superior reconstructive capability. In contrast, three typical ARTs, the basic ART, simultaneous ART (SART), and a modified SART (MSART), were simulated to demonstrate the reconstructive capability improvement attained through the use of the proposed NAIRT. The calculated results were discussed with mean square error (MSE) and peak error (PE). A thermal air flow field was produced with an alcohol burner and was detected by a laser beam. With laser beam projections, a cross-section of the field was reconstructed by NAIRT. As a result, the reconstructive capability was improved much by NAIRT. The MSE decreased by 95.5%, and PE by 97.2% from that of the basic ART. Only NAIRT converged without filters while its reconstructive accuracy improved. By increasing the projections from 42 to 84, the accuracy of NAIRT without filters was improved significantly. NAIRT could effectively reconstruct the section of the thermal field. The proposed NAIRT needed no filter for its convergence and it had the highest reconstructive accuracy and simplest iterative expression of those analyzed.

Diamond films have been paid much attention in high frequency and high output power field, especially in field effect transistors (FET) with its outstanding electrical properties in the last two decades. For optimum electronics performance, quality of electronic films, good contacts and forming semiconductors are key techniques to make FETs. How to reduce gate length and various parasitic parameters and improve withstand voltage and heat-sinking capability determines whether FETs are of high-performance. The breakouts of key techniques, research progress and related hot spots of diamond films for high frequency and high output power FETs are reviewed. Mechanisms proposed to explain electrical conductivity of H-terminated diamonds are also presented.