Automated Load Classification in Smart Micro-grid Systems

How can there be an economic transition to a green ecosystem by adapting plastic-to-fuel technologies through renewable energy?

BackgroundEnergy production plays a major role in the Saudi Arabian economy, but energy production can lead to an increase in environmental pollution.Objectives:This study investigated the impact of energy production and trade openness on Saudi Arabia’s economic growth and environmental pollution using annual data from 1970 to 2020.Methods/Approach:The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods were employed to develop two models, including an economic growth model and an environmental Sustainability or pollution model.Results:The results of the two tests ensured that both expanding trade openness and increasing energy production led to faster economic growth. Nevertheless, the expansion of trade openness and energy production also led to environmental pollution; hence, the increase in energy production did not support sustainable development.Conclusions:Thus, policymakers should develop a green economy strategy to reduce the use of fossil fuels and increase renewable energy in energy production to reduce environmental pollution. Moreover, the Saudi Arabian government should highly promote investment in renewable energy production through trade openness.

In this study, the relationships between Uzbekistan's economic growth, renewable energy use, rural electricity use, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated using an ARDL model based on data from 2000 to 2022. The long-term results showed that renewable energy production had a significant positive impact on economic growth (coefficient: 0.608, P<0.01), while greenhouse gas emissions had no significant impact (coefficient: -0.00004, P>0.05). However, rural electricity use had a negative impact on economic growth (coefficient: -6.815, P<0.01). The short-term analysis shows that renewable energy production has a rapid and significant positive impact on economic growth (coefficient: 0.0001, P<0.05). In addition, the previous period's economic growth rate (coefficient: 0.643, P<0.05) and greenhouse gas emissions (coefficient: 0.0001, P<0.05) have a positive impact on economic growth in the short term.

This paper tries to seek out the correlation between renewable energy use, real GDP, and HDI in addition to trade openness, urbanization, and environmental aspects in the case of Bangladesh during the phase of 1990-2015. In persuasion of the objective, time-series data of the given period is analyzed by means of the 2SLS approach. We also apply the VECM Granger causality technique in order to find the underlying relationship between the given variables. Findings of the study suggest that real GDP, CO2 emissions, and use of renewable energy have positive consequences on the human development index while trade liberalization and urbanization have insignificant impacts on it. The study finds renewable energy use improves human development processes. Therefore, the government should emphasize on renewable energy production and the use of renewable energy.

For the development of systems related to renewable energy and specifically for thermo-solar energy, it is essential to study and analyze the different thermal phenomena of heat transfer, in search of the best conditions that allow strengthening the designs. Phenomena such as radiation, convection, and conduction are highly studied, from the field of materials to the field of infrastructure, finding day to day optimal solutions that guarantee a great use of the solar resource available on the earth's surface. This study presented the results of heat transfer analysis on a receiver pipe in a CCP; designed using the theory of branched fractal geometry to improve the heat transfer associated with concentrating solar capture systems. A fractal structure as a branch or arboreal fractal type network, influenced thermal and electrical parameters, as electrical resistance, thermal resistance, and convective heat transfer, so increasing the level branch heat transfer can be enhancement along of the pipe. The use of renewable energies in agriculture benefits the industrial processes that require a continuous power system, due to climatic conditions and geographical location is not a guarantee in food production fields, which reason solar capture systems contribute to food dehydration processes, water heating, refrigeration, and energy production. Keywords: heat transfer, fractal geometry, solar collector, fractality, fractal dimension, parabolic cylindrical concentrator, DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201305.4733 Citation: Palacios A, Amaya D, Ramos O. Receiver tube heat transfer analysis of a CCP collector designed based on branched fractals geometry. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(5): 56–62.

This study aims to investigate the renewable energy (RE) productivity of European Union (EU) countries for 2013-2022. For this purpose, the study focuses on 26 EU member states and uses the Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index (HMPI) method. Because of the analysis, it is determined that Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland are the leaders in RE productivity, while the RE productivity of other countries, except Hungary, Romania, Latvia, Croatia, and Bulgaria, has increased in the said period. Moreover, the HMPI values of EU countries for 2013-2022 vary between 0.968 and 1.182. When analyzing the annual averages by country, the average HMPI value for the relevant period is 1.040. Considering the index components, the increase in productivity across the EU is primarily driven by technological change (1.025), whereas efficiency change (1.018) contributes less to this increase.

Renewable energy production is one of key actions undertaken by the EU to lower its dependency on energy imports from third countries. Renewable energy is not competitive compared to fossil fuels at this moment. Under these circumstances, there is a need for an effective legal regulation. The EU has set main targets relating renewable energy use in the directive (EU) 2018/2001. Slovak policymakers have recognized these new targets. The main objective of the paper is to examine the latest changes to the Slovak legal regulation of the renewable energy production with focus on electricity production. We analyse changes made by the amendment of the Act No. 309/2009 Coll. and provide a short explanation of new instruments.

Sustainability concerns resulting from the consumption of natural resources, life-threatening levels of pollution, global warming, climate change and the ever-increasing worldwide energy use have brought renewable energy sources to forefront. Given the possibility of depletion of fossil fuels in the near future, the utilization of clean and renewable energy sources have become inevitable. Consequently, governments and global organizations adopted respective regulations to ensure the production and use of renewable energy and promote the respective new investments. In the light of these developments, the aim of this study is to conduct a detailed review and evaluation on the current literature and global energy statistics. The respective projects, binding regulations, incentives, and pricing mechanisms have also been studied to analyze and compare the renewable energy policies adopted worldwide. Ultimately, the goal is to make certain suggestions and lay out possible solutions regarding global energy problems.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the renewable energy industry in South Africa and the rest of the region has been severely affected. This study aims to analyze the various steps taken by the governments of the five BRICS countries to address the issue. The study analyzed the various factors that influence the development of the renewable energy sector in five emerging economies: China, Russia, India, Brazil, and South Africa. The emergence and spread of pandemics has affected the production and use of renewable energy in the country. Although the pandemic affected the renewable energy sector, it also contributed to the GDP growth of the country. This paper also called for the government to formulate long-term policies that will increase the use of sustainable energy. The paper is also based on the analysis of the various data sources, such as online/offline research papers, conference proceedings, and text books. These data are used to identify the key competitive advantages of Renewal Energy.

The evolution of the efficiency of wind farms is very recognized in the production and use of renewable energy in the countries concerned by this new trend. The converters currently are an essential means in the performance of DFIG (Doubly-fed induction generators) in wind turbines Doubly-fed induction generators. In this paper an associated passive RL load – matrix converter under supply voltage connected system is studied. The influence of disturbed input supply voltage on output current waveforms has been discussed. We aim to extract sinusoidal output current waveforms, the conventional PWM methods and the optimum Venturini method with fuzzy logic control approach can be applied for controlling the matrix converter. Finally, Simulations results will be presented and interpreted, and a special attention is given to suppressing harmonic pollutions using total harmonic distortion evaluation.

L'efficacité des énergies renouvelables pour assurer la croissance économique et la qualité de l'environnement devient un sujet important dans la littérature économique, étant donné que les énergies fossiles majoritairement utilisées et menacées par le risque d'épuisement entraînent une augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser l'effet de la consommation des énergies renouvelables sur la croissance économique et les émissions de dioxyde de carbone dans les pays de l'UEMOA. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les fonctions de croissance et d'environnement avec une investigation empirique basée sur une régression linéaire en données de panel constituées des pays de l'UEMOA sur la période 1990 à 2015. Les résultats des estimations par la méthode de Pooled Mean Group développée par Pesaran et alii (1999) montrent principalement qu'à long terme, l'utilisation des énergies renouvelables contribue significativement à promouvoir la croissance économique et à atténuer la dégradation de l'environnement à travers la réduction des émissions de carbone. A cet effet, les décideurs politiques devraient orienter la politique énergétique de l'union vers un mix-énergétique dominé par la production et la consommation d'énergie renouvelable ; tout en mettant en place une politique de contrôle des émissions de CO2.

The worldwide transition to renewable energy innovation and production, while promising, has been slow and uneven. An important reason is the lack of adequate financing for renewables. This paper examines how different nations’ financial markets and renewable energy policies contribute to the rates of renewable energy production and innovation. We theorize and demonstrate, using a sample of 73 countries from 1991 to 2013, the positive influence of credit market development on the transition to renewable energy production and innovation, and the complementary function of regulatory policies and credit market development on such transition. As such, we contribute to the sustainability literatures on financing renewable energies, regulatory versus market policy effects, and cross-national green development.

During early project stages, design teams need to explore a wide range of possible envelope configurations in order to identify those that best address the project constraints and objectives. Crucial aspects such as control of solar gains, use of blinds and renewable energy production are typically the subjects of extensive discussions among architects and facade, mechanical, electrical and PH engineers. Traditional methodologies used to inform the design on such matters are neither flexible nor time efficient, failing to meet the expectations of the team. Arup Solar is an innovative APP developed to overcome such inefficiencies and to provide a user-friendly way to aid the discussion between architects and engineers. The validated APP aims to investigate the relationships between envelope features (e.g. window to wall ratio, g values, etc.) and cooling strategies, as well as identify potential opportunities for renewable solar energy production. It allows for the exploration of a large number of design options instantaneously, visualizing results by mapping them on the 3D model of the building. The process of building any instance of the APP includes a first step where the NURBs modeler Rhino/Grasshopper is utilized to run a Radiance & DAYSIM solar analysis on any complex geometry. The resulting data (on each surface mesh) is then exported to the Unity gaming engine, where a set of pre-programmed features is automatically implemented and the graphic interface is created. The outcome is a stand-alone parametric application that can be potentially run on any device.

This study investigates the impact of non-renewable energy production, renewable energy production, and population size on per capita greenhouse gas emissions in Central Asian (CA) countries over the period 2000–2024, utilizing the Panel ARDL–PMG (Pooled Mean Group) estimation technique. The analysis provides both long-run and short-run country-specific insights into the determinants of emissions, offering a nuanced understanding of environmental dynamics in the region. The long-run results reveal that non-renewable energy production is positively and significantly associated with per capita greenhouse gas emissions, indicating that reliance on fossil fuels continues to drive environmental degradation. In contrast, renewable energy production is found to have a negative long-run effect, suggesting that investments in clean energy sources can effectively mitigate emissions over time. Population size also exhibits a negative long-run association with per capita emissions, reflecting potential demographic influences on energy consumption patterns. Short-run estimates demonstrate heterogeneous effects across countries: in two Central Asian nations, non-renewable energy production substantially increases per capita emissions, whereas in the other two, it reduces emissions. Similarly, renewable energy production has a positive short-run impact in three countries, a negative impact in one, and an insignificant effect in another. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing country-specific dynamics and adopting tailored energy and environmental policies. The study contributes to regional policy discussions by highlighting the need for a balanced transition towards renewable energy while addressing the unique socio-economic contexts of each country.

In this work, application of two different control strategies to three-phase DC-AC PWM inverter used in smart microgrid system, is analyzed. The objective of control design is to achieve low THD output voltage, fast transient response and asymptotic tracking of the reference output voltage under different loading conditions minimizing the effect of the harmonic frequencies. First, the PID control technique is applied to the three-phase inverter, and it is shown that PID controller works very well for the linear loads and achieves acceptable level of harmonic reduction. However, with nonlinear loads, PID controller cannot achieve satisfactory level of harmonic suppression. The second control technique – robust servomechanism problem (RSP) control design combined with sliding mode control –eliminates this problem, and achieves satisfactory level of harmonic suppression in presence of nonlinear loads. The control design is performed in discrete-time domain. For both control techniques, controller structure is defined, necessary controller parameters are determined and the simulation of the closed-loop system is performed in MATLAB/Simulink.Typically, smart microgrid systems will have several components. These components include green and renewable energy sources with their associated power converters, efficient transformers, and storage systems. To the end users, residential customers, this power can come from many different energy sources. For example photovoltaic cells, microturbines, fuel cells, etc. The photovoltaic cells (PV) are sources of DC power, whereas, high speed microturbine generators are sources of high frequency AC power. Since these generators are designed for high speed operation, they have a low weight, a low volume, a low foot print. They use natural gas with a lower carbon foot print. The fuel cells are also considered as green energy source since they have close to zero carbon foot prints. The variable wind speed generators have the same operating principle as microturbine generators, except they run at variable speed and generate variable AC power. To utilize the variable frequency AC power sources, the produced power are rectified to DC power using AC/DC rectifier, and then, DC/AC inverters are used to convert the generated DC power output to AC power at the system operating frequency. The wind and PV power sources are depicted in Fig. 5.1 and 5.2, respectively. The renewable green energy sources use three-phase DC/AC inverters, and converts direct current (DC) power to sinusoidal alternating currents (AC).KeywordsSliding ModeHarmonic FrequencyLoad VoltageNonlinear LoadLoad VersusThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.