Automatic Compensation System for Small Absolute Optical Encoders

The article highlights the theoretical approaches to the essence of the concept of "budgeting" as a tool for managing economic activity of the enterprise. Based on the study of interpretations of the "budgeting" concept, a comparison of opinions of different scientists-researchers of this economic category is generalized and formed. The role of budgeting and opportunities for effective management of economic activity of the enterprise are revealed. The principles on which the budgeting system is based are analyzed and supplemented by their own, which include: optimality; unity; systematics, transparency, alternatives, complexity. The classification of budgeting methods is carried out according to the following classification features: selection of budget planning objects, initial base, budget development procedure, level of centralization, level of adaptation of budget planning to changes in the external environment, method of planned budget indicators calculating. It is determined that budgeting as well as any economic category has its advantages and disadvantages, the main of which are given in this article. Modern business conditions necessitate entrepreneurs to take into account changes in both internal and external environment, actively master innovative management technologies, study market conditions, take into account the probability of certain events and at the same time develop models of enterprise behavior in the absence of sustainable development in labor, material, information and financial resources. A significant number of business representatives appreciated the benefits of applying the budgeting process in practice, which is one of the management tools and has become widespread in economically developed countries. Budgeting is not a universal method of avoiding negative impact on the results of their activities, but provides an opportunity to navigate in a real fast-changing environment and make the necessary sound management decisions that will provide optimal conditions for business development in an unstable economy. The practical application of budgeting becomes an objective necessity, as it helps to optimize resource flows, ensures economical use of all types of resources, affects cash flow management, increases financial discipline, the level of investment attractiveness and competitiveness of enterprises.

Affected by COVID-19, Adidas' global net sales in 2020 decreased by 3.756 billion euros compared to 2019. Adidas's net sales worldwide decreased by 3756 million euros in 2020 compared to 2019. This article will analyze the changes in Adidas's operation situation and competitiveness under the impact of COVID-19. At the same time, combined with the 2016-2020 financial statement data publicly disclosed by Adidas, this article will analyze the specific impact of COVID-19 on Adidas' financial status and provide a more in-depth interpretation of the financial statements. The goal of this article is to analyze Adidas' future development strategy and make recommendations by analysing the impact of COVID-19 so that it can better meet the needs of external interests and internal management. Many scholars' relevant research is mostly on the development strategy research at the macro level. However, there is a lack of strategic research on the micro-enterprise level after being affected by COVID-19. This article first reviews the literature and expands new research directions based on existing research. Then, this article will use the PEST method to analyze the changes in Adidas's external macro environment under the influence of COVID-19 and apply the theory and methods of financial statement analysis to specific applications. Then this article will combine Potter's five forces model analysis method to further analyze Adidas' external environment and industry environment under the influence of COVID-19. Finally, this article will conclude and put forward development strategy recommendations.

In conditions of increasing turbulence in the external environment and growing uncertainty, the issue of effective management of organizational changes in operational processes becomes especially relevant. For medium-sized enterprises, which often face limited resources, insufficient structural flexibility, and heightened levels of risk, there is a growing need for adaptive management approaches that consider both internal constraints and probabilistic external factors. In this context, a hybrid TOCDynamic model is proposed, which combines the Theory of Constraints (TOC), probability theory, and digital technologies (Big Data, IoT, AI) to create a dynamic change management system. The Theory of Constraints allows for the identification and elimination of bottlenecks that hinder the overall efficiency of the system, while the probabilistic approach supports informed decision-making under conditions of uncertainty and external environmental changes. The use of digital tools, in turn, provides the capability for real-time monitoring, forecasting, and analysis of changes. The proposed model considers the specifics of medium-sized enterprises and is based on a critical analysis of the limitations of traditional management approaches, as well as empirical observations and case studies. Its application enables increased adaptability of business processes, more efficient resource utilization, and strengthened enterprise resilience to external impacts. Moreover, it facilitates a shift from reactive to proactive change management, reducing the time lag between the emergence of changes and the response to them. The development of a culture of continuous improvement and the implementation of datadriven decisions enhances the organization's innovation potential and ensure sustainable operation in the digital age. This integrated approach not only improves operational efficiency but also fosters a competitive advantage in rapidly evolving markets. The model can be used as a conceptual foundation for forming an innovative strategy for sustainable enterprise development amid digital transformation and a dynamic environment.

In photovoltaic MPPT control ,Compared with the traditional methods ,the conventional fuzzy algorithm had overcome the shortcomings of low accuracy, tracking slow and low efficiency from the external environment changes, And have no need to have excessive demands on the precision of the sensor and no "false positives" , Volatile situation still exist around the track points for it is asynchronous control, so there is a steady state error .A new method was proposed which combines the principle of fuzzy control and the PID control theory in this paper , The simulation results show the fuzzy PID can not only quickly respond to changes in the external environment, which can effectively eliminate the work of the maximum power point of the oscillation in fuzzy control and also make up shortcomings of a longer transition time. the simulation results proved the superiority of this algorithm.

In the modern context of global changes, the study of the influence of administrative and legal factors on the sustainable development of regions is of particular relevance, which is also due to the hyperdynamics of the external environment. The main purpose of the article is to identify and streamline the main administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region in a changing external environment. Key research methods are the method of hierarchical analysis, paired comparison, expert analysis and the Delphi method. A scientific question has been formulated based on the results of a literature review, which is how to more effectively implement administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable development of the region. Valid methods are disclosed due to their step-by-step application. An analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of sustainable development of one of the regions was carried out. A modern model for the formation of sustainable development of the region is proposed, considering the conditions of the changing external environment and focusing on administrative and legal principles, which is characterized by blocks and a schematic explanation. A methodological approach to modelling the definition and ordering of the main administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the egion in a changing external environment has been developed. Based on the results of the modelling, it was determined that the most significant factors of influence within the framework of administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable development of the Lviv region in a changing external environment are martial law, administrative court proceeding and local self-government and decentralization. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proven through the ability to satisfy all information needs of subjects of sustainable development in the region. The practical significance of the research results is revealed in the possibility of using the proposed model and methodological approach in the work of public services and the public administration system of the region

As changes in external environments are inevitable, a lifelong mapping system is desirable for autonomous robots that aim at long-term operation. Capturing external environment changes into internal representations (for example, maps) is crucial for proper behavior and safety, especially in the case of autonomous vehicles. In this work, we propose a new large-scale mapping system for our autonomous vehicle or any other. The new mapping system is based on the Graph SLAM algorithm, with extensions to deal with the calibration of odometry directly in the optimization of the graph and to address map merging for long-term map maintenance. The mapping system can use sensor data from one or more robots to build and merge different types of occupancy grid maps. The system's performance is evaluated in a series of experiments carried out with data captured in complex real-world scenarios. The experimental results indicate that the new large-scale mapping system can provide high-quality occupancy grid maps for later navigation and localization of autonomous vehicles.

The entry of foreign banks, the spread of financial crisis, the marketization of interest rates and the impact of the point of time assessment lead to the phenomenon of bank liquidity tail, which has a negative impact on commercial banks, the financial system and the national economy. This paper is based on the current situation of the phenomenon of bank liquidity tail, analyzes the reasons of bank liquidity tail from two aspects of management and supervision system of bank liquidity, and proceed from the inner bank, the central bank's monetary policy, the external environment and so on, to find credit mismatches, credit term structure mismatch, the end of the month to pay the deposit reserve, the central bank focused on open market operations, the external macro environment are the main factors of bank liquidity tail. Therefore, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problem of bank liquidity from the perspective of liquidity supervision system, the bank's own management mode, the central bank credit rationing and the external environment change.

Escherichia coli carries a sophisticated genetic system for adaptation to changes in external environment by selective transcription of a total of about 4,400 genes on its genome. Gene selection takes place at the step of promoter recognition by the RNA polymerase. The promoter selectivity of RNA polymerase is, however, modulated after interaction with DNA-binding transcription factors. In E. coli, a total of about 300 species of transcription factor have been predicted, even though the regulatory functions remain identified for about half of these factors. In order to understand the global regulation of genome expression in E. coli, it is essential to identify the regulatory functions of all 300 transcription factors. For quick search of the regulation targets by each transcription factor, we developed the genomic SELEX (see Ishihama et al., in this volume). In parallel, we have constructed a novel method for comprehensive search of the promoters under the control of each transcription factor. Here we have constructed a 'promoter chip', which contains more than 1,000 species of the E. coli promoters. The promoter microarray can be used for identification of target promoters regulated by each transcription factor.

In the article we have considered the necessity to support agriculture producers of Ukraine on terms of agrarian market functioning and efficient use of financial resources. Methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis have been used during the justification for producer support estimate and consumer nominal protection coefficient. Established that support for agricultural production on the state level can be regarded as one of the ways regulation to redistribute of financial resources, enabling to prevent financial losses and ensure efficiency of the branch financing. It has been proved that fundamentally new approaches to forming of long-term national course of agrarian policy and its comparison with alternative variants of agricultural production financing, implemented in the world, must take into consideration changes in external environment and acceleration of globalization processes, which demand adequate reaction, enabling to minimize negative consequences.

A novel approach to supramolecular Aggregation-Induced emission using tetracationic tetraphenylethylene and sulfated β-Cyclodextrin

The plasma membrane is the first line of cell defense against changes in external environment, thus its integrity and functionality are of utmost importance. The plasma membrane properties depend on both its protein and lipid composition. The PDR16 gene is involved in the control of Kluyveromyces lactis susceptibility to drugs and alkali metal cations. It encodes the homologue of the major K. lactis phosphatidylinositol transfer protein Sec14p. Sec14p participates in protein secretion, regulation of lipid synthesis, and turnover in vivo. We report here that the plasma membrane of the Klpdr16Δ mutant is hyperpolarized and its fluidity is lower than that of the parental strain. In addition, protoplasts prepared from the Klpdr16Δ cells display decreased stability when subjected to hypo-osmotic conditions. These changes in membrane properties lead to an accumulation of radiolabeled fluconazole and lithium cations inside mutant cells. Our results point to the fact that the PDR16 gene of K. lactis (KlPDR16) influences the plasma membrane properties in K. lactis that lead to subsequent changes in susceptibility to a broad range of xenobiotics.

For maximum utilization of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) power systems should be operated at the maximum power point (MPP) which can be achieved using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods. However, the occurrence of multi-peak on P-V curve of a PV array due to the changing environmental conditions such as being partially shaded increases the complexity of the tracking process. The global MPP cannot always be achieved by the conventional MPPT methods. Therefore a novel MPPT method for PV systems using flower pollination (FP) algorithm is proposed in this paper and the Levy flight is used to improve the convergence of FP algorithm. MPPT model of the PV system is established in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the proposed method is compared with two well established MPPT methods. The simulation results indicate that the proposed MPPT method can quickly track the changes in external environment and effectively handle the partially shaded condition.

G Protein-Coupled Receptor Resensitization Paradigms.

A responsive system, which serves to unify a fault‐tolerant system and real‐time system, must have flexible real‐time fault recovery capability. Of the multiprocessor systems in which the number of active processors changes dynamically due to failures and repairs of processors, those with the reconfiguration capability to isolate faulty processors from the system and reconnect repaired processors to the system, in addition to the ability to process tasks in real‐time, are examples of responsive systems. Normal task processing operations may be interrupted by reconfiguration and tasks requiring real‐time processing may miss their deadline as a result. A modeling method on a stochastic reward net is proposed in this paper to represent the failure‐repair behavior of a system and changes in external environments (including fluctuations in the task arrival rate). This method explicitly considers the possibility of missed deadlines. As a result of performance evaluation using the proposed model, it is shown that system performance can be improved by controlling the timing of the system reconfiguration, thus minimizing the effects of system reconfiguration.

The paper argues for nonprofit making corporations that strive to increase resilience against economic challenges through human resource development and strategic training by involving the management in various sections of the human resource management activities. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating in an open environment, depend upon external sources for funds and resources to perform robustly. Changes in external environment and internal deficiencies lead to face adverse impacts and collapse of organizations. Very few organizations manage to recover from losses, take advantage from situations and evolve stronger than before. Resilience provides strength to NGOs and help obtain positive future prospects under crisis situations. The study aims to enhance understanding of dynamics and nature of resilience of NGOs. It empirically investigates the effect of factors including transformational leadership that promotes organizational learning, management development, ethics training, systems thinking and social capital and political instability as an external factor on resilience of NGOs. Data have been collected from sample of 200 managerial level employees working in NGOs of Muscat, Oman. The research findings conclude that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on organizational resilience; whereas, the indirect effect of transformational leadership in the presence of organizational learning as mediator is insignificant, thus exhibits insignificant mediation.