Automatic control of computer standby state by predictive algorithm in computer usage

Lead frame which has a high thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength is one of core technology for ultra-thin electronics such as LED lead frames, memory devices of semiconductors, smart phone, PDA, tablet PC, notebook PC etc. In this paper, we fabricated a Cu/STS/Cu 3-layered clad metal for lead frame packaging materials and characterized the mechanical properties and thermal conductive properties of the clad metal lead frame material. The clad metal lead frame material has a comparable thermal conductivity to typical copper alloy lead frame materials and has a reinforced mechanical tensile strength by 1.6 times to typical pure copper lead frame materials. The thermal conductivity and mechanical tensile strength of the Cu/STS/Cu clad metal are 284.35 W/m K and <TEX>$52.78kg/mm^2$</TEX>, respectively.

In this paper, we present the novel scheduling algorithm of the multimedia data retrieval for the mobile disk drive. Our algorithm is focused on minimizing the power consumption in multimedia data retrieval. While the disk based storage devices, e.g. hard disk and optical disk becomes small enough to be used in mobile devices, the practical usage of which leaves much to be desired due to the stringent power consumption restriction of the mobile device. The playback of multimedia data requires that data blocks are delivered to the destination in periodic fashion. The major issue here has been how to guarantee the continuous flow of data. Most of preceding works assume that the disk drive always operates in the steady state. However, this does not hold in modern disk drive for the mobile device. Modern low power disk drive for mobile device goes into standby state when it is not in use. While this feature can significantly extend the battery life, it adds another dimension of complexity in scheduling of the multimedia data retrieval. We elaborately model the power consumption behavior of the low power mobile drive and develop an Adaptive Round Merge(ARM) scheduling algorithm which guarantees a certain disk bandwidth for the multimedia playback while minimizing the power consumption of the storage device. According to our simulation based experiment, the ARM algorithm reduces the power consumption by as much as 23%. It manifests itself when the video clip is relatively short, typically less than 30 sec.

—With the analysis on the conventional state-of-charge prediction algorithm and the influencing factors of state-of-charge value, a new method for state-of-charge prediction is proposed, in which the working states of battery are divided into the standby state, the transitional state, and the charge–discharge state. Each state of state of charge is predicted, and the influencing factors of state-of-charge value are dispersed and eliminated within the process of this method. For the charge–discharge state in particular, the columbic efficiency factor is introduced to calculate the dynamic recovering to the lithium-ion quantity of electricity so that the Ah counting approach is improved by eliminating the accumulated error. The experimental results show that this method can increase prediction accuracy of the state of charge and meet the requirements of electric vehicles.

A nationwide call has requested educators to emphasize methods that will encourage student participation and engagement during class. Concurrently, technology and ubiquitous computing have been making advancements onto campuses of higher education. This paper will discuss the research that is merging these two events and creating a platform using Tablet PCs that can be used in the traditional classroom setting. The platform enables the use of digital ink within slideshow-based note taking, collaborative activities, and formative and summative assessment activities. In addition, course specific software will be made available on the Tablet PCs and used to enhance the learning in individual courses instead of relegating these activities to out-of-classroom experiences. The paper discusses the differences and similarities between Tablet PCs and laptop computers, in general, and also presents information about low cost options to allow the use of digital ink in traditional computer labs. The paper also presents results the author has collected while making use of Tablet PCs to: (1) present course material during the lecture period; (2) administer summative assessment during the lecture period; (3) grade assessments with digital ink; and (4) provide timely feedback of student projects. Lastly, the paper presents some of the author's long term research plans of making use of Tablet PCs, digital ink, and other currently available technology in the traditional lecture to (1) provide more communication between instructors and students; (2) elicit more frequent and higher quality feedback on student progress; (3) introduce more frequent and varied classroom teaching styles and activities and (4) expose students, in a variety of disciplines, to the technology that is currently available

This paper investigates the pattern and trend of university students’ typical usage of mobile devices for learning purposes. Based on the surveys conducted to the full-time students at the Open University of Hong Kong in the past 5 years, it is revealed that the majority of students usually use mobile phones for communication using social media whilst less than half usually use mobile phones in reading e-books and doing assignments. Tablet computers are usually used for connecting to learning portals and reading e-books. Notebook computers are still used for conventional usage, such as doing assignment. It is also revealed that the use of tablet computers for doing assignment becomes popular because of the availability of cloud-based storage. The use of mobile phones for connecting to learning portals becomes popular since many mobile apps for learning portals are available. As compared to mobile phones, tablet computers and notebook computers become less popular for communication using social media. The results affirm that the pattern and trend of typical usage depends on not only the nature of the learning activities but also the functional features, limitations and technological development of mobile devices.

Using Smart Phone, Tablet PC and laptop that SNS, or they want to surf the web to obtain information by connecting to the Internet. But if you use the hacked site Malicious code is downloaded incident occurs. These attacks by the attackers hacked into other servers within the same IP segment after that ARP Spoofing by inserting malicious code associated with a particular Web server intercepts Web Traffic. In this paper, Log in Smart Phone, Tablet PC and Laptop is based, SNS and web site. At this point, Network Packet analysis tools to analyze the contents of the Packet and Encrypted website hacking content and ID, password by hacking incident triggers. Smart Phone, Tablet PC and laptop are presented in the study of security measures for the incident. In this study, Smart Phone, Tablet PC and laptop will contribute that network security Enhance to the development of Hack defense technology.KeywordsHackingARP SpoofingNetwork Packet AnalysisSSL

This paper discusses a computer program, ErgoNBC, which provides suggestions regarding the ergonomic settings of a notebook computer (NBC), workstation components, and selected accessories in order to help computer users to assume an appropriate work posture during the NBC work. From the users' body height, NBC and workstation component data, ErgoNBC computes the recommended tilt angle of NBC base unit, NBC screen angle, distance between the user and NBC, seat height and work surface height. If necessary, the NBC base support, seat cushion and footrest, including their settings, are recommended. An experiment involving twenty-four university students was conducted to evaluate the recommendations provided by ErgoNBC. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique was used to analyze their work postures both before and after implementing the Ergo NBC's recommendations. The results clearly showed that ErgoNBC could significantly help to improve the subjects' work postures.

Recently, smart phones such as the Galaxy S and IPhone, and tablet PCs such as the Galaxy Tab have been introduced and become widespread in the market, thus the environment for wireless Internet services has been improving. As the market has improved, consumer preferences for mobile devices and the relationship between these devices and wireless Internet services regarding consumer preferences have become a very important issue. However, although there have been a considerable number of studies on the demand for mobile devices, it is not easy to find previous studies on the relationship between consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless Internet services and the demand for mobile devices. The main purpose of this study is to analyze which mobile device is more likely to be preferred or become the main channel for wireless Internet services and how the demand for each mobile device is influenced by consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless broadband Internet services used on it, and to induce managerial implications based on the main findings. To derive the results on consumer preferences, conjoint analysis is used. The survey was conducted using 1,000 Korean consumers. In the survey, respondents are allowed to choose more than one hypothetical alternative representing a mobile device combined with a certain type of wireless broadband Internet service if they desired. To estimate the consumer preferences quantitatively, a multivariate probit model is used. According to the estimation results, owing to their portability, smart phones are more likely to become a major channel for wireless Internet services despite their drawbacks in terms of display size and performance. Portability is the most important factor affecting the choice of a mobile device when using wireless Internet services. Therefore, manufacturers of mobile devices for wireless Internet services should improve the overall functionality and performances of mobile devices without negatively affecting portability. However, at the same time, consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless Internet services are found to affect the demand of each mobile device much differently. Therefore, the prediction that smart phones will be the prevalent mobile device for use of wireless Internet services can be somewhat changed, depending on which and how wireless Internet services are provided to each mobile device and how they affect the demand for each mobile device. As mentioned above, there are significant differences between mobile devices with regard to the effects of mobility, data transfer speed, type of contents or Internet interface for wireless Internet services. It is found that the mobility of wireless Internet service is highly valued for smaller devices, but not much for notebook PCs. In contrast, data transfer speed and similarities in the type of contents or Internet interface to those provided by fixed broadband Internet services become more important for larger mobile devices. Thus, it is necessary for wireless Internet service providers to differentiate and optimize their contents and Internet interfaces properly for various mobile devices. Additionally, it is reasonable that manufacturers of smart phones focus on mobility and portability (or convenience) rather than adding sophisticated functions or pursuing higher-level specifications. Further, for smart phones, for which mobility and convenience are important, wireless Internet service providers should develop and provide easy and convenient programs, rather than advanced programs that require high device performance. Lastly, with respect to individual demographics, young and highly educated people are more likely to be consumers of newly introduced mobile devices for using wireless Internet services. Therefore, these young and highly educated consumers should be considered a major target for manufacturers of mobile devices for wireless Internet services.

With increasing applications in consumer electronics such as smart phones, laptops and tablet PCs, the need for pervasive computing with a requirement of lower power consumption is increasing every day. This opens the door for energy harvesting that could charge the batteries in these devices to keep them continually functioning in some useful state. There has been a lot of attention on flexible thin film solar cells, such as dye sensitized (DSC), organic and inorganic, given their low-cost and improving efficiency. Performance characterization DSC has been investigated, in order to clarify how to determine their performance accurately. Accurate characterization of DSC requires level lighting consideration on each very slow temporal response in the I-V curves of the DSC are clearly dependent on the voltage sweep direction, even when the sweep time is the order of seconds. Furthermore, the temporal response is dependent on different level lighting consideration. This analysis showed to improve accuracy, measurement should be real time removing capacitance effect with a Real-Time One-Sweep Method (RTOSM). Additionally, RTOSM will be useful to measuring cell performance more accurately and rapidly when evaluating solar cell performance.

Pen-based interaction is universally available on smart devices and especially on Tablet PCs. Previous studies compared various input methods like fingers, a mouse or a stylus pen on PCs or on a touchscreen based devices such as smart phones. At the same time, various soft keyboard applications are being developed on application stores of smart devices. However, these previous studies did not suggest which one is a suitable keyboard application for Tablet PCs when users perform a certain interaction as input type. In this study, we compared two types of input methods (finger and pen) and three types of soft keyboard applications (QWERTY, Gesture and Swype) in a Tablet PC using performance measurements (accuracy and input speed) and discussed what types of applications showed better performance with each interaction on tablet PC. From these results, recommendations for the keyboard types depending on the input methods on tablet PCs were developed.

Evaluation of Recycling Resources in Discarded Information and Communication Technology Devices (Smartphones, Laptop computers)

A ferroelectric-based (FE-based) non-volatile logic is proposed for low-power LSI. Standby currents in a logic circuit can be cut off by using FE-based non-volatile flip-flops(NVFFs), and the standby power can be reduced to zero. The FE capacitor is accessed only when the power turns on/off, performance of the NVFF is almost as same as that of the conventional flip-flop in a logic operation. The use of complementarily stored data in coupled FE capacitors makes it possible to realize wide read voltage margin, which guarantees 10 years retention at 85 degree Celsius under less than 1.5V operation. The low supply voltage and electro-static discharge (ESD) detection technique prevents data destruction caused by illegal access for the FE capacitor during standby state. Applying the proposed circuitry in CPU, the write and read operation for all FE capacitors in 1.6k-bit NVFFs are performed within 7us and 3us with access energy of 23.1nJ and 8.1nJ, respectively, using 130nm CMOS with Pb(Zr, Ti)O3(PZT) thin films.

The deterioration of operating margin and increasing leakage current in SRAM are becoming critical problems with the advance of process scaling. To solve these problems, we propose a low-power SRAM circuit using thin buried-oxide fully depleted silicon-on-insulator transistors. The back-gate bias is introduced to the SRAM circuits and acquires high operating margin and high-speed operation under low supply voltage. The leakage current in stand-by state is reduced. This SRAM achieves 30% faster writing time under low-voltage operation and 90% less stand-by power

The deterioration of operating margin and increasing leakage current in SRAM are becoming critical problems with the advance of process scaling. To solve these problems, we propose a low-power SRAM circuit using thin buried-oxide fully depleted silicon-on-insulator transistors. The back-gate bias is introduced to the SRAM circuits and acquires high operating margin and high-speed operation under low supply voltage. The leakage current in stand-by state is reduced. This SRAM achieves 30% faster writing time under low-voltage operation and 90% less stand-by power

The study of recommendation services based on eye-tracking and social behavior analysis was conducted using either implicit or explicit data, and thus, carried the disadvantage of a decreased recommendation accuracy, having failed to supplement the flaws of each type of data. Therefore, the present study proposes a system applicable to recommendation services after deducting the personal preferences of the user by combining and analyzing the implicit data of eye-tracking and personal social behavior data with the explicit data of purchase data. By conducting experiments capable of obtaining category preferences based on smart phones, tablet PC, and smart TV, the study confirms changing preferences following the characteristics of the smart device. Ultimately, the study attempts to increase the accuracy of recommendations by using both implicit and explicit data and to achieve a recommendation system based on a collaborative filtering that considers device characteristics.