Automatic Light Design Using Light Sensors

Velocity is a physical quantity that is widely used in daily routine. The adverse utilization of the quantity makes the methods and measurement devices are necessary. The most common method to obtain velocity is by measuring the interval time of an object that moves at a certain distance. Usually, two light sensors (e.g., photodetectors, light dependent resistors or LDRs) are placed at a certain distance to detect the moving object and measure their interval time. This paper discusses the uses of a single LDR sensor to measure the velocity. LDR is a light sensor, which its resistance rises if the intensity of the light decreases. To measure the interval time, the light-sensitive part of the LDR sensor was partially covered (cover area 2.5 × 1.0 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), which make the LDR has two sensitive areas. This allowed a single LDR sensor to measure the velocity of an object. The sensor responses when the object passing through it were analyzed from voltage to time graph. The experiment was done by passing by objects of different sizes ( 3.5 × 5.1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 3.5 × 0.35 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). These size differences produce different voltage outputs so that the effect of the object size to the sensor responses can be analyzed. Also, by placing a cover that unequally divides the LDR light-sensitive part, the object motion direction could be predicted from the voltage to time graph pattern. The resulting output signal depended on the size of the object passing through the sensor, the size of the LDR, and the size of the LDR cover. The velocity calibration result exhibited a regression equation to calculate the velocity from sensor output, which was y = 3.99084 x + 0.15663, with x and y were the reference and measured velocity, respectively. Moreover, the sensor has a high precision on low-velocity measurement, which might be caused by the latency property of the sensor.

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on the possible relation between the current method of organizing the control of available parking lots at the Santo André &lt;i&gt;campus,&lt;/i&gt; of the Federal University of ABC (UFABC) and the development of car queues at the university concierge, the elaborated research project proposed the development of a prototype electronic system to control the availability of these parking lots, in order to identify the main characteristics of the implementation of this system. Therefore, through the development of exploratory and qualitative research [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;], it was possible to elaborate an electronic form through the Google Forms platform [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;] to obtain primary data [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;] that made possible the implementation of the system. Then, a prototype was developed through the Open Source platform [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] Arduino [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;] as the prototyping platform, the use of electronic components [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;] for the system such as the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) light sensor [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;], resistors, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and relay. The prototype uses the analog reading from the LDR to monitor the amount of light from each vacancy, whenever the LDR detects that a vacancy has its luminosity lower than a determined threshold, the Arduino switch the state of the relay, updating the status of the vacancy to "occupied", and if the luminosity is above the same threshold, the vacancy is set to "free". The prototype proved to be very helpful to manage the parking lot from UFABC since the Arduino can update the whole lot without any human interaction, a problem that the UFABC parking lot suffers since the vacancy control is done entirely by hand.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Lights are one of the fundamental needs in the standard of living; if the light is cleared out, it'll squander power, and this often happens since you disregard to turn it off. in the list to fast improvement within the field of innovation the sum of power demand tends to extend quickly. This increment in demand can be caused by the expanding number of individuals utilizing electrical technology.In this case, a robotization light plan was made utilizing an Arduino-uno-based light sensor that can be set to turn on and off naturally, agreeing to the escalation of daylight so that it'll suit the desires of the lamp.The controller utilized is the Arduino microcontroller. The program connected to the microcontroller serves to initialize and design the equipment and examines the flag input from the light sensor, which at that point forms it is by being given a few conditions to create yield. In this case, a robotization light plan was made utilizing an Arduino-uno-based light-based Sensor that can be turned on and off, consequently concurring with the concentrated daylight received to suit the desires of the light.

Automatic street light power saving system using the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a simple and powerful concept, to switch ON/OFF the street light system automatically. It automatically switches ON the streetlight when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes and switches OFF the streetlight when ample amount of sunlight is available. From this work, it was observed that the implementation of LDR in streetlight circuit design would reduce the running cost of street lightning system by 51.7%. Keywords: Streetlight, Energy, Light, Dependent, Resistor

Terrarium is one of the interesting and environmentally friendly room decorative solutions. However, the owner must be more careful to pay attention to the optimal humidity and light conditions for the terrarium. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, this research makes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automation control system for terrarium watering and lighting. The system is equipped with a humidity sensor (DHT22) and a light intensity sensor (Light Dependent Resistor) to detect environmental conditions. When abnormal humidity is detected, the system will automatically water the plants, while the lights will be adjusted to the light intensity of the room. In addition, the system data is presented in real-time through the website and displayed on the LCD screen. The test results show the accuracy rate of the humidity sensor is 97.45% and the light intensity sensor is 98.51%, while the ultrasonic proximity sensor has an average accuracy of about 98.61%. This research offers a practical solution for maintaining terrariums efficiently and effectively through the application of IoT technology.

In plain English, this simply means that the more light there is, the higher the voltage drop through the photo resistor.

This project aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights. Nowadays, human has become too busy, and is unable to find time even to switch the lights wherever not necessary. The present system is like, the street lights which will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. This paper gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated. In this the two sensors are used which are Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) sensor to indicate a day/night time and theIRsensors to detect the movement on the street. The microcontroller PIC16F877A is used as brain to control the street light system, where the programming language used for developing the software to the microcontroller is C-language. Finally, the system has been successfully designed and implemented as prototype system. Key Words: Embeded systems, Microcontroller, LDR ,IR, Lighting

Doing laundry is a simple chore that every household will perform on a daily basis. Clothesline is widely used by Malaysian because it is an efficient and budgeted method but it needs to be operated manually. The disadvantages of manual clothesline are due to the unpredictable weather in Malaysia. Rain will come in a blink of an eye and cause the freshly washed clothes to get wet. People who are away from home will unable to collect their clothes once the rain comes. Therefore, an Automated Cloth Hanging System was invented to solve these problems by using Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) sensor and raindrop sensor to detect the weather and activate the motor movement. In this research, user will receive notification of clothesline using Blynk application via Wi-Fi. From the result obtained, the system can detect the sunlight and rain to determine the clothes should be hand inside or outside. Thus, clothesline able to retrieve in and out by the sensors where user can hang their clothes outside the house without worrying about the weather by using concept of Internet of Things (IoT).

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has spurred the development of intelligent home systems that optimize energy use and enhance user convenience. One essential component of a smart home environment is an adaptive lighting system that can operate based on environmental conditions. This study aims to design and implement a microcontroller-based automatic lighting system that responds to variations in ambient light intensity and supports further integration with IoT-based monitoring. The system is built using an Arduino Atmega328P microcontroller, a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor for illumination detection, and a relay module to control the electrical load. This research employs an experimental design that includes system analysis, hardware assembly, software development, and performance testing. The LDR sensor was tested under bright and dark conditions, producing consistent readings, with an average threshold of 450–500 analog units for light and below 300 units for dark. The system successfully activated the lamp in 100% of dark-condition trials (n=10) and turned it off correctly in all bright-condition trials (n=10). Response time measurements showed that the system processed changes in light intensity in less than 1 second, ensuring real-time adaptability. The findings demonstrate that the proposed design operates reliably, optimizes electricity usage, and reduces the need for manual intervention. This study contributes to the development of affordable, energy-efficient, innovative lighting systems. It provides a practical foundation for future work, including full IoT integration with wireless modules for remote control and monitoring.

Optimization of cadmium sulfide light-dependent resistor (CdS-LDR) sensor is one of the suitable circuit elements to be used as the sun-pointing sensor. The sun-pointing sensor is used in solar energy tracking systems to capture maximum power by photovoltaic (PV) cells or systems at the time of uniform or partial irradiance of the sun and effect of shade during clouds. PV cells or modules’ generating power is affected due to partial shading. The PV cells are able to produce maximum power, as long as the sun’s irradiance is projected perpendicular to the panel’s surface. Optimization of light-dependent resistor CdS-LDR sensor is designed based on the intensity of the sun. A relation is obtained between intensity and photo-resistance of CdS-LDR sensor with coefficient of regression ( $${R}^{2}$$ ) value of 0.99. Maximum intensity of the sun is captured using CdS-LDR sensor which is designed with characteristic curve of intensity and photo-resistance using power algorithm. Minimum dull intensity of the sunlight is used to place the panel in initial position. In addition to that cloud effects with sudden transients are also analyzed using temperature humidity index term. The power gained by optimized dual axis solar tracking (DAST) system is 50.63% with reference to fixed panel. The generated power of DAST system is also analyzed under shading effect of cloud. Data are collected for every 2–3 s of time interval from 6:32:00 to 17:38:33 using real-time virtual instrumentation Parallax Data Acquisition tool.

Design of one axis three position solar tracking system for paraboloidal dish solar collector

During the dry season, the intense heat of the sun is highly sought after by Indonesian communities for various needs, one of which is drying clothes that are still wet. Therefore, Indonesians prefer using clotheslines as a medium for drying clothes. Essentially, in addressing the issue of clotheslines, an automated control system is needed. Advances in the field of science and technology, particularly in IoT (Internet of Things), will lead to new innovations. One such innovation is an automatic clothesline control system, which helps and simplifies human tasks. The system automatically moves or shifts dried clothes to a place that is not exposed to rain. In this research, an automatic clothesline system is designed to secure clothes during rain or other weather changes using several sensors: rain sensor, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), and Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT), as well as an external fan that functions as additional drying assistance during rain. This system utilizes the ESP8266 microcontroller and is based on the Internet of Things, allowing remote monitoring and control via smartphone. Based on conducted tests, this system effectively responds to weather changes.

A Greenhouse is a framed structure that is used for the production of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and any other plants that require special conditions of temperature and humidity. Greenhouses warm up during the day-times when sun-rays penetrate through them, which heat the plant, soil and the structure. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon and is very beneficial to the human being. With lack of proper green house monitoring and control system the production decline which leads to loss.There are many challenges starting from plant growth to maintenance for which monitoring and control of greenhouse is needed. This paper explains the design and implementation of a network with wireless sensors for greenhouse environment monitoring and controlling. This greenhouse control system is controlled by Raspberry pi with its wifi capability that is attached to a temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor, 12V DC fan and pump. With the monitoring and control of greenhouse the performance of the system and production can be increased. A prototype was designed and builtup whose results were presented.

Resistive MOS-gated diode light sensor

The presence of the mall allows people to make ends meet only at one location. The park service is one of the most important services in the mall. The visitor often face some problem, such as very difficult in finding the location of an empty parking lot. Visitors tend to choose the nearest door so that they do not require a long time to walk. In obtaining the location of parking, visitors sometimes have to spin in advance to obtain the desired parking spot. Based on these problems, a system designed to provide recommendations on the location of the nearest parking lot to the outlet that user want to visit. Every parking lot and outlet will be given the coordinates that will be used to calculate the distance by using Euclidean distance. Arduino Uno is used to control Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors, buzzer, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader. The test of designed system involves 10 different scenarios. The result of designed system testing show the percentage of availability of the nearest parking lot with outlets to be visited is 100%. This is due to the system is designed by considering the distance between the lot with the destination outlet and the nearest lot availability status. If the closest lot was occupied, the system will automatically give recommendations next closest lot to the user.