Automation of the drilling machine by CoDeSys

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a standard industrial control device that provides a simple, yet robust, method of controlling manufacturing and dynamic processes. As a result of their low cost, adaptability, and reliability, PLCs are by far the most common control mechanism used by manufacturing businesses of all sizes for environment control, food processing, motion control, and automated test equipment. Yet even though PLCs are heavily used by industry, their use in teaching control theory concepts is uncommon for mechanical engineering programs. Traditional control systems engineering courses focus on the theory and mathematics of continuous-based control systems and rarely involve the use of PLCs, which provide an excellent platform to teach feedback control. Only a few programs have included a specific focus on non-continuous (on/off) control commonly used in industrial environments. In addition, learning ladder logic, a programming language for PLCs, can be difficult and seem unnecessary for those with a traditional programming background, such as C++. Recognizing the appropriate ways of how and when to use PLCs is a key factor in applying control theory effectively in an industrial or even a research environment This paper reviews the literature devoted to control systems education. It shows how academia is using PLCs in education and how it can complement the traditional focus on continuous-based control. A key objective of this paper is to review the PLC use in mechanical engineering education, which traditionally takes place in a control systems engineering course. This paper will also address a proposal by the authors that implementing PLCs into a control systems course for mechanical engineering students can enable a natural integration of continuous and non-continuous control theory.

The problem of constructing a HIL simulation stand for researching a technological process using programmable logic controller (PLC) "Baget" is described in this article. Issues of modeling technological processes are currently extremely relevant, since modeling is a mandatory stage in the automated process control systems development. An adequate model of the technological process allows debugging and verification of automated process control system algorithms without using real equipment, reducing financial costs and the probability of emergency situations. The HIL modeling method involves partial use of real equipment as part of the model. The inclusion of standard components of the original object in the model does not require detailed mathematical model and at the same time provides a more complete correspondence to the original. Due to using a computer from the original object, the stand software operates under conditions close to the real technological process, which improves the quality of the simulation results. The HIL modeling stand includes the following components: control computer of automated process control system; programmable logic controller PLC "Baget"; simulation computer. The stand for the basic element of an automated process control system allows to speed up the process of prototyping and debugging even in the case of complex systems, because it will be easier to build the entire system from correctly functioning elements. Another advantage of this approach is that the stand is not tied to a specific type of technological process or to a narrow area of production — the stand allows the use of ready-made models, the development of new models, and the inclusion of various function libraries. The simplicity of the stand design with this approach is combined with a full range of functionality. By connecting additional software, you can create more complicated and detaild model. This stand is also capable of serving both for debugging PLC algorithms and as a simulator for maintenance personnel of a real control object, because the stand operator can simulate failures and errors of standard equipment, emergency situations at the control object. Using C and JavaScript programming languages for development ensures portability and ease of expanding the capabilities of the modeling software. The development of complex systems based on HIL modeling allows saving resources and effectively solving assigned problems, therefore the proposed approach to building stands will be in demand in the process of developing an automated process control system based on the PLC "Baget".

One of the main basic automation tools in modern industrial enterprises is programmable logic controllers. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are microprocessor or microcontroller devices intended for the implementation of automated control systems for technological processes at enterprises [1]. The principle of PLC's work is to collect and process data on the user's application program with control signals generation to the operating devices. The modular concept of constructive execution of the PLC, allowed composing the programmed logic control devices in accordance with the peculiarities of the tasks solved by the customer. The range of application of PLC extends from devices of local control of working bodies of machines and technological units to multi-level control systems of complex technological objects. PLCs control machine tools, automatic production lines, robotic technological complexes, and also control the safety of equipment operation.There are thousands of different PLC models on the market today, which differ not only in technical characteristics (memory size, computing block power, input / output channels), but also functional capabilities. PLCs are available in a wide range of foreign companies such as Siemens, Schneider Electric, Mitsubishi Electric, Rockwell Automation, etc.The research has confirmed the choice of alternative to an expensive PLC based on the use of the Arduino hardware and software platform. A similar approach, and even schematic and software solutions, can be used in the design of the LLA for other small automation objects. The automation of the PLC process significantly reduces the cost of production, increases productivity and reduces the cost of metal compared with turning parts on the automatic lathes.The acquired development skills can be recommended for use in teaching students how to work with modern microcontrollers and building rather simple programmable logic controllers.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are widely used for control and automation of machines and processes, so the quality of PLC software has a direct impact on production efficiency. This paper describes a PLC program for a food production line that was completely rewritten using a different software architecture and framework. The PLC hardware and the production line equipment were not changed, so this project provides an opportunity to quantify the impact of different PLC software architecture on production efficiency. The average number of cases of products produced per production hour during the first ten months with the new program was 6.1% higher than the average during the previous ten months with the old program. PLC software, unlike most other software, is often used by the end-user for troubleshooting. In this case, a relatively simple architecture and framework that favors the end-user significantly improved production efficiency over a more sophisticated architecture and framework that favors the software developer. Suggestions for further research on software architecture and framework are given.

With the rapid advancement of science and technology, the role of technology in industry is also increasing, particularly through automation that simplifies and enhances work process efficiency. To support this development, education plays a crucial role in enhancing students' competencies. One relevant subject in industrial technology is Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). In PLC education, trainer tools are used to help students understand industrial control concepts. At Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung, particularly in the Mechatronics and Automation Engineering Technology programs, the use of PLC trainers is still limited to basic input-output features. Survey results show that most students only understand Ethernet communication protocol and have never connected more than one PLC in a single system, resulting in a limited understanding of inter-PLC communication. This research aims to develop a trainer that teaches various PLC communication protocols, including Controller Link, DeviceNet, Serial RS-232C, and Ethernet, with inter-PLC and HMI communication implementation. The system uses three PLCs, where an Omron CP1H PLC as the master uses Controller Link to communicate with another Omron CP1H PLC as a slave, DeviceNet for remote slave devices, Serial RS-232C to communicate with an Omron CJ2M PLC as a slave, and Ethernet connected to Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) Omron NB7W and Kinco GL070E for PLC data monitoring. Based on the assessment results, the overall trainer tool evaluated received an effectiveness score of 95.1% from 6 aspects of the assessment. This trainer is expected to enhance students’ understanding of PLC communication protocols and their applications in integrated systems.

The major obstacles to teaching Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a variety of PLCs and the rapid pace of technological development with new models and innovations. Moreover, costs incurred in the setting up of comprehensive and modern PLC laboratory facilities, and in the required periodic updating of teaching material and equipment are, as a result, very high. After investigated the conception and features of PLC and embedded system, the development of the embedded PLC for teaching machatronics students is proposed in this paper with the seamless combination of the LabVIEW software and the ARM Microcontroller with the LabVIEW embedded module. The flexibility of the proposed PLC makes it relatively easy and less costly to teach the basic principle of different kinds of PLCs due to their variety and rapid change. The implementation of the embedded PLC is discussed and evaluated. The results of evaluation shows that embedded PLC can be taught in an uncomplicated manner.

The computation of length and chopping are two of the most important processes in the manufacturing industries. In the traditional ways of production, the cutting process is done manually with the help of human labour and the material is measured manually with a ruler to a specified length. In fact, everything has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantage here is that when the cutting is done manually, it may lead to improper cutting and improper measurement due to irregular cutting since both processes are dependent on each other. For example, in the process of extrusion, which is one stage in the tyre building process, improper cutting of the materials like thread and other components may lead to improper bonding of the material. As technology advanced, many industrial processes advanced and underwent significant changes in the name of the industrial revolution. Nowadays, various tasks such as computing and material chopping have been automated using various methods. While talking about the industrial revolution, PLCs play a vital role in the automation of various processes. So, in our project, we have discussed the automation of the computation of length and chopping in the extrusion process using a programmable logical controller (PLC). Here in our project, the material is feed into the conveyor, which is controlled by a PLC. After the material of the specified length is detected, the chopping process is done. Here the length is computed with the help of two sensor inputs that are given to the PLC as input. The output of the PLC is given to the pneumatic circuit, which consists of a double-acting cylinder, a 5/2 DCV, some feedback sensors, and the blade that executes the process of chopping.

Programmable logic controller (PLC) is a reliable platform for regulatory control in industrial environment. Capability of PLC as an automation solution platform is getting enhanced over the years. Advancements in PLC capability open up possibility of deploying advanced control and optimization solutions on PLC. Optimization solver is primary building block of the advanced automation solutions; feasibility of deploying open source optimization solvers on PLC is uncertain because of platform related constraints. This work evaluates feasibility of deploying open source optimization solvers on PLC and highlights deployment challenges for PLC platform. Optimization complexity is varied using widely used generalized test functions to assess limitations of PLC platform. A realistic case study of parallel compressor train load allocation optimization is presented to validate the analysis findings and discuss a practical application of optimization on PLC platform.

DOI: 10.14684/intertech.13.2014.213-217 This text describes an experience obtained in the implantation of a teaching laboratory, together with a discipline, of focus eminently practical, addressed for the area of automation of processes. It is emphasized as main element the creation of conditions that propitiate to the students motivation for construction of projects of processes control. The main tool used at the laboratory to make possible the projects of processes control is the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC). The processes done at laboratory are controlled through net of PLC's and can be monitored and commanded at the distance by microcomputer. Index Terms - Automation of Processes, Education, Ethernet, PLC, Teaching Laboratory

The characteristics and applications of the system for welding machines based on SCM , based on PLC control system and PC-based industrial control system was introduced. It has certain significance to the design of welding machine control system.

Within industry today, advancements in process and control technologies have given way to differing control systems in the form of programmable logic controllers (PLC) and distributed control systems (DCS). Over the past decade, PLCs have now been able to bridge certain gaps within process and control systems that were capabilities only typically found within DCS environments. This paper will provide an overview of various control system strategies and design considerations with regard to both PLC and DCS schemes within petrochemical applications.

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a very common industrial control system device used to control output devices based on data received (and processed) from input devices. Given the central role that PLCs play in deployed industrial control systems, it has been a preferred target of ICS attackers. A quick search in the ICS-CERT repository reveals that out of a total of 589 advisories, more than 80 target PLCs. Stuxnet attack, considered the most famous reported incident on ICS, targeted mainly PLCs. Most of the PLC reported incidents are rooted in the fact that the PLC being accessed in an unauthorized way. In this paper, we investigate the PLC access control problem. We discuss several access control models but we focus mainly on the commonly adopted password-based access control. We show how such passwordbased mechanism can be compromised in a realistic scenario as well as the list the attacks that can be derived as a consequence. This paper details a set of vulnerabilities targeting recent versions of PLCs (2016) which have not been reported in the literature.

To overcome the shortcomings of external PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and soft PLC being widely employed in switch control of CNC machine tool, an embedded PLC system was developed by integrating AVR single chip ATMEGA169, PC bus technique and dual port RAM. Both hardware circuit and software of the PLC system were designed and implemented. The software of Industrial PC was developed by using ladder-diagram IDE (Integrated Design Environment) based on the platform of Borland C++ Builder. In this environment, it can fulfill edit, compilation and communication function of ladder-diagram file. It also can monitor and diagnose PLC running status. This developed embedded PLC system has the characteristics of compact structure, high communication and reliability. It can effectively satisfy real-time control requirements of CNC machine tool.

Multiple input/output Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) module for educational purposes is fabricated because of current PLC Kit that was unable to enhance learners theoretical understanding and hands-on skill especially for programming, wiring, design of circuit and problem solving. The available PLC Kit comes with a casing which learners struggling in comprehend the theoretical knowledge, cabling connection between input components, PLC modules and output components respectively. Newly designed PLC modules are developed and fabricated with additional input and output devices, cost effective and user friendly. Moreover, this module come with multiple Input/Output (I/O) devices such as push buttons (normally open), DC motor (24V), DC relay (24V), DC solenoid piston cylinder (24V) and DC light (24V) and able to interfacing with different kinds of PLC controller produced by Matsushita, Omron, Siemens and etc. Through conducted surveyed, it is found that on average of 93.20% agreed that newly developed Multiple I/O PLC module is user friendly, safe and attractive to be used while 95.70% participants agreed that there are enhancements in theoretical understanding and hands-on skill aspect in their learning process.

Cement is an essential component of infrastructure development. It is also the most important input of construction industry, mainly in case of the government’s infrastructure and housing programs, which are necessary for the country’s socio-economic growth and development. Due to increasing population, various constructional activities are increasing day by day. As a result the market demand of cement is also increasing continuously but still now most of those plants aren’t up to the mark technologically. They are very inefficient, not so eco-friendly and have very low production speed. Keeping in mind the importance of those industries, an integrated solution of material handling in cement plant is presented in this paper to meet the increasing production needs . This innovative thinking will help to reduce energy consumption and improve operational efficiency as most of the energy is consumed to transfer the bulk materials between intermediate stages. This PLC or HMI based controls are not only cost-effective method but also improves the control system longevity and ultimately reduces the total cost of operation over the life of the system. The whole automation process is done using programmable logic controller (PLC) which has number of unique advantages like speed, reliability, less maintenance cost and reprogrammability. The whole system has been designed and tested using GE, FANUC PLC.