BALANCING SARCASTIC HINGLISH SHORT TEXT DATA USING AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES WITH HANDLING SPELLING VARIATIONS

In recent studies, researchers have focused on using various modalities to recognize emotions for different applications. A major challenge is identifying emotions correctly with only electrocardiograms (ECG) as the modality. The main objective is to reduce costs by using single-modality ECG signals to predict human emotional states. This paper presents an emotion recognition approach utilizing the heart rate variability features obtained from ECG with feature selection techniques (exhaustive feature selection (EFS) and Pearson’s correlation) to train the classification models. Seven machine learning (ML) models: multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Logistic Regression, Adaboost and Extra Tree classifier are used to classify emotional state. Two public datasets, DREAMER and SWELL are used for evaluation. The results show that no particular ML works best for all data. For DREAMER with EFS, the best models to predict valence, arousal, and dominance are Extra Tree (74.6%), MLP and DT (74.6%), and GBDT and DT (69.8%), respectively. Extra tree with Pearson’s correlation are the best method for the ECG SWELL dataset and provide 100% accuracy. The usage of Extra tree classifier and feature selection technique contributes to the improvement of the model accuracy. Moreover, the Friedman test proved that ET is as good as other classification models for predicting human emotional state and ranks highest. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-011 Full Text: PDF

The rapid expansion of e-commerce resulted in the influx of data in the mainstream. The data of customers can lead to better results and can help the stakeholders to take better results and improve their business. Machine learning also found its application in the e-commerce. Machine learning provides a vast collection of algorithms that produce efficient results in segmenting the customers. In this research paper, we explore e-commerce dataset to perform the segmentation of customers. We used ensemble technique to classify the customers using Support vector Machine (SVC), Logistics Regression, KNear st Neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, AdaBoost Classifier and Gradient Boosting Classifier. We performed in dept analysis on the dataset, studying behaviors and forming clusters. In results, the ensemble model of ensembled Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and k-Nearest Neighbors gave 76.83 % precision.

This article used Random forest (RF) classifier, decision tree (DT) classifier, K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifiers, extra tree (ET) classifier and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) classifier for fault prediction and classification in power distribution transformer to predict the phase line voltages, line currents, line-to-line voltages, neutral current, ambient temperature indicator, oil temperature indicator, oil level indicator, and various other alarm indicators like oil temperature indicator trip oil temperature indicator alarm and magnetic oil guage alarm. The findings demonstrate that XGB and ET classifier, provide superior predictive capabilities compared to other methods.

The increasing complexity of healthcare, coupled with an ageing population, poses significant challenges for decision-making in healthcare delivery. Implementing smart decision support systems can indeed alleviate some of these challenges by providing clinicians with timely and personalized insights. These systems can leverage vast amounts of patient data, advanced analytics, and predictive modeling to offer clinicians a comprehensive view of individual patient needs and potential outcomes. Currently, researchers and doctors need a faster solution for various diseases in health care. So they started to use the Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for better solution. ML is a sub field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides a useful tool for data analysis, automatic process and others for healthcare system. The use of ML is increasing continuously in healthcare system due to its learning power. In this paper the following algorithms are used for the diagnosis of Diabetes and Kidney Disease such as: Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), Random Forest Classifier (RFC), Extra Trees Classifier (ETC), Support Vector Classifier (SVC) and Multilayer Perceptron (MNP) Neural Network, In our model, Gradient Boosting Classifier is used with repeated cross validation to develop our system for better results. The experiment analysis performed for both unbalanced and balanced dataset. The accuracy achieved in case of unbalanced and balanced datasets for GBC, ETC, RFC SVC, MLP & DTC are 75.7 & 92.2, 75.7 & 90.1, 74.4 & 80.0, 62.5 & 66.4, 58.3 & 63.0 and 59.4 & 74.5 respectively. On comparing these results, we found that GBC results are better than other algorithms.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become increasingly prevalent and severe worldwide, necessitating a transition to more advanced and precise predictive models. Traditional approaches to the prognosis of coronary heart disease often lead to higher morbidity and mortality due to delayed early detection and inadequate individualized analysis. Machine learning (ML) techniques offer a groundbreaking solution, capable of analyzing vast amounts of patient data to provide early and accurate predictions of cardiac diseases. This shift holds great promise across various domains, including heart imaging, cardiothoracic surgery, cardiovascular anesthesiology, coronary critical care, pediatric cardiovascular disease, predictive cardiology, and interventional cardiology. In this comprehensive review, we evaluate several ML techniques, specifically focusing on classification and prediction algorithms, to assess their effectiveness in predicting cardiovascular diseases. We examine a range of algorithms such as K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Decision Trees (DT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, Logistic Regression, XGBoost, Extra Trees Classifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and Artificial Neural Networks. By comparing these models, we aim to identify the most reliable and effective predictive tools for cardiovascular diseases. Notably, algorithms like Decision Trees and Extra Trees Classifiers have demonstrated remarkable performance, with recorded accuracies of 93.19% and 98.15%, respectively. This study underscores the importance of implementing machine learning approaches to enhance the accuracy and predictive capabilities in cardiac care. By leveraging these models, we can significantly improve early diagnosis, leading to better patient outcomes across cardiology specialties.

Product quality certification is used by industries to sell or advertise their products. The quality of wine is assessed by a human specialist, which is a time-consuming process that makes it quite expensive. Several machine learning techniques have already been applied to evaluate wine qualities such as quality and class on wine quality datasets. The quality of wine is determined not only by the amount of alcohol in it, but also by many traits, which change through time and therefore refine the wine's quality. It is critical to establish the wine's quality and categorise it into several categories based on a quality assessment. This study employs a variety of machine learning algorithms to predict wine quality. This research gives a comparison of fundamental and technical analysis based on many characteristics. This research compares and contrasts several prediction algorithms used to predict wine quality. Technical analysis such as time series analysis and machine learning algorithms like Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Ada Boost Classifier, and Gradient Boosting Classifier are examples of these methodologies. With the use of visualisation, several techniques are evaluated based on methodologies, datasets, and efficiency.

Cardiotocograms (CTGs) is a simple and inexpensive way for healthcare providers to monitor fetal health, allowing them to take step to lessen infant as well as mother died. The technology operates by emitting ultrasound pulses and monitoring the response, revealing information such as fetal heart rate (FHR), fetal movements, uterine contractions, and more. Knowing the state of fetal, doctors and patients can take necessary steps in a time. Machine learning can play a vital role in this field. In this paper, we classified the state of fetal including normal state, suspect state, pathological state on the fetal disease dataset using seven machine learning model named AdaBoost (AdB), Random Forest (RF), K- nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), and Logistic Regression (LR). To validate the experimental task, we used several performance metrics containing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. We also used a scaling technique named standard scalar for doing an unbiased dataset. Among the classification models, GCB outperforms the best by achieving the accuracy $$95\%$$ , precision (for normal $$96\%$$ , suspect $$85\%$$ , pathological $$97\%$$ ), recall (for normal $$98\%$$ , suspect $$78\%$$ , pathological $$94\%$$ ), and F1-score (for normal $$97\%$$ , suspect $$81\%$$ , pathological $$96\%$$ ). Although, RF, SVM, and K-NN perform better precision ( $$100\%$$ ) in the class of pathological state only.

One of the most serious diseases affecting people is heart disease, which also contributes significantly to the increasing death rate. Recently, Machine Learning (ML) methods have been utilized to detect and identify several types of heart disease, these methods can assist in enhancing the accuracy of heart disease classification. In this research, total ten machine learning (ML) models that’s are used, the first ML technique is Random Forest (rf) second ML technique is Decision Tree (dt), third is Support Vector Machine (svm) fourth ML techniques is K-Nearest Neighbors (knn), fifth ML technique is Logistics Regression (lr) and respectively Extra Trees Classifier (et), Gradient Boosting Classifier (gbc), Naive Bayes (nb), Ridge Classifier (ridge) and tenth ML technique is Linear Discriminant Analysis (ldr) are implemented. In addition, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) feature assortment method is used to find the significant features and enhance the efficiency of detecting heart disease using two text-based datasets. Finally, a detailed comparison will be implemented to presented that after smearing the feature selection method to recognize the most efficient model for detecting heart disease and then specify its severity. Some parameters, including accurateness, exactness, recollection, and F1-score, are offered to comparation the efficiency of each classifier. The actual outcomes of this research that improved the classification accurateness.

People's eating habits are influenced by psychological, social, cultural, and behavioral factors. Research shows that certain personality types expose people to risky eating behaviors. Given the complexity of nutrition-related factors and the limitations of traditional statistical methods, the use of new approaches such as artificial intelligence and machine learning can play an effective role in analyzing multidimensional data and identifying complex patterns. This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to predict food addiction among university students by integrating demographic, anthropometric and personality data with machine learning methods. The data consisted of 210 samples, which were first preprocessed to ensure data quality and integrity. Tomek Links and SMOTE techniques were used to remove class imbalance. Feature selection was performed using the twelve different algorithms to identify the most important features related to food addiction prediction. Then, ten different machine learning models were implemented, including Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Support Vector Classifier (SVC) with probability estimation, Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), CatBoost and LightGBM. The models were trained on the training dataset and their performance was evaluated using the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score and AUC metrics on the test dataset. In addition, the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method was used to analyze the importance of features and interpret the advanced models to determine the impact of each psychological and behavioral feature on the prediction of food addiction. The results showed that more advanced models, especially ensemble methods such as Random Forest and CatBoost, have high power in identifying complex patterns and accurately predicting food addiction behaviors. SHAP analysis also showed that psychological characteristics such as feelings of worthlessness, impulsivity, anger, psychological distress, rigid cognitive styles, weight and height, body mass index (BMI) were related the most important factors affecting prediction. Although limitations such as small sample size, focusing on a specific student population, and the use of self-report instruments reduce the generalizability of the results, the innovation of this study in combining psychological and artificial intelligence approaches for early identification of high-risk individuals is remarkable. Overall, the integration of personality profiles with advanced computational models can form the basis for the development of artificial intelligence-based screening tools and targeted interventions to improve nutritional behaviors in young populations.

268P Dynamic overall survival prediction for patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer

Emotion recognition plays a pivotal role in advancing Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) by enabling systems to understand and respond to human emotional states. Among various modalities, Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) stands out as a non-invasive, cost-effective, and temporally efficient approach for detecting emotions. This study leverages the RAVDESS dataset, which provides high-quality audio recordings for emotion classification. The proposed methodology involves preprocessing audio signals to remove noise, extracting temporal and spectral features in both time and frequency domains, and implementing machine learning models for multi-class emotion classification. The study evaluates and compares the performance of several classification models, including Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Decision Trees (DT). Experimental results demonstrate promising accuracy levels, highlighting the potential of these machine learning techniques in SER. This research contributes to the integration of SER within Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) and other emotion-aware applications, paving the way for enhanced interactive systems. Keywords – Speech Emotion Recognition -Machine Learning - Random Forest -Multilayer Perceptron - Support Vector Machine - Convolutional Neural Networks - Decision Tree - RAVDESS Dataset

Aim: The aim of the work is to evaluate the accuracy and precision in predicting heart disease using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT) Classification algorithms. Materials and Methods: Classification algorithm is appealed on a heart dataset which consists of 180 records. A framework for heart disease prediction in the medical sector comparing Random forest, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree and SVM classifiers has been proposed and developed. The sample size was calculated as 55 in each group using G power 80%. Sample size was calculated using clincalc analysis, with alpha and beta values 0.05 and 0.5, 95% confidence, pretest power 80% and enrolment ratio 1. Results: The Novel Random Forest Algorithm (92.13%), Support Vector Machine (62.51%), Logistic Regression (84.89%), Decision Tree (86.25%) classifiers produce respectively. SVM, RF exists a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.001,p=.004;p<0.05).LR, RF exists a statistically insignificant difference between the two groups (p=.103, P=.080;p>0.05) both with confidence interval 95%. Hence Random forest is better than SVM, RF, DT classifiers. Conclusion: The results show that the performance of RF is better when compared with SVM, LR and DT in terms of both precision and accuracy.

The most common type of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for the vast majority of pancreatic cancers. The five-year survival rate for PDAC due to late diagnosis is 9%. Early diagnosed PDAC patients survive longer than patients diagnosed at a more advanced stage. Biomarkers can play an essential role in the early detection of PDAC to assist the health professional. Machine learning and deep learning methods are used with biomarkers obtained in recent studies for diagnostic purposes. In order to increase the survival rates of PDAC patients, early diagnosis of the disease with a noninvasive test is a critical need. Our study offers a promising approach for the early detection of PDAC with noninvasive urinary biomarkers and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). The Kaggle Urinary Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer (2020) open-access dataset consisting of 590 participants was used in this study. Seven machine learning classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), AdaBoost, and gradient boosting classifier (GBC)) to detect PDAC disease classifier were used. Binary and multiple classification processes were carried out. Data was validated in our study using 5-10-fold crossvalidation. This study aimed to determine the best machine learning model by analyzing the performance of machine learning models in determining the classes of healthy controls, pancreatic disorders, and patients with PDAC. It is a remarkable finding that ensemble learning models were more successful in all our groups. The most successful classification method in classifying healthy controls and patients with PDAC was CV-10, while the GBC (92.99%) model was (AUC = 0.9761). The most successful classification method in classifying patients with pancreatic disorders and PDAC was CV-10, while the LightGBM (86.37%) model was (AUC = 0.9348). In the classification of healthy controls, pancreatic disorders, and patients with PDAC, the most successful classification method was CV-5, while the GBC (72.91%) model was (AUC = 0.8733).

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a cardiovascular disease that has the highest mortality rate. The non-invasive method for diagnosing CAD is coronary angiography which is expensive and exposes the patient to radiation. The present scenario for diagnosing CAD has motivated researchers to analyze and diagnose the disease using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. In this work, the efficacy of various ML algorithms used to diagnose CAD disease is presented and compared. The proposed methodology aims to train the dataset using algorithms namely: K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Extra Tree Classifier, and Light Gradient Boosting machine, to achieve accuracy for diagnosing the CAD. The experimental results are validated in the simulation environment, and the conclusions were drawn from the performance indices, i.e., Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, F1-Score, and Binary cross-entropy cost function. The meta-analysis shows that Light Gradient Machine achieves an accuracy of 93.36%, which is the highest among other ML algorithms.

Estimating the soccer match outcome with adequate accuracy is still one of the biggest challenges in the sports domain. In this work, the proposed novel Intelligent Strategic Planning Method based Algorithm (ISPMA) carries out dynamic estimation of soccer team performance in terms of the match outcome and noticeably outperforms the existing state of the art methods due to its unique features. In this work, the output of the four feature selection machine learning techniques i.e. Pearson correlation, forward selection, Extra tree classifier, and CHI-square is firstly unified before feeding these selected features as an input to the seven classifiers i.e. SVM (Support Vector Machine), Naïve Bayes, KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor.), Decision Tree, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and AdaBoost. The dataset comprises eleven seasons of the English premier league and 3762 matches have been used to train the model and 418 matches to test the same. Such a reasonable size of soccer dataset is not common in previous studies. Another unique feature of this work is the time of estimation as estimation can be done during the progression of the game based on match statistics associated with the first half of the match. The proposed method uses a novel approach by computing the average values of the selected set of features for the victory of the team to estimate match results. By using these computed average values, ISPMA generates strategic planning based suggestions for the second half of the match. The strategic planning generated by the proposed method facilitates estimating the team performance and shifting the momentum from one team to another and can assist the coach, managers, and the team in carrying out effective decision-making for better match outcome.