Ball Throwing Machine Design To Develop Footballers’ Technical Attributes

With the rapid advancement of science and technology, the role of technology in industry is also increasing, particularly through automation that simplifies and enhances work process efficiency. To support this development, education plays a crucial role in enhancing students' competencies. One relevant subject in industrial technology is Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). In PLC education, trainer tools are used to help students understand industrial control concepts. At Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung, particularly in the Mechatronics and Automation Engineering Technology programs, the use of PLC trainers is still limited to basic input-output features. Survey results show that most students only understand Ethernet communication protocol and have never connected more than one PLC in a single system, resulting in a limited understanding of inter-PLC communication. This research aims to develop a trainer that teaches various PLC communication protocols, including Controller Link, DeviceNet, Serial RS-232C, and Ethernet, with inter-PLC and HMI communication implementation. The system uses three PLCs, where an Omron CP1H PLC as the master uses Controller Link to communicate with another Omron CP1H PLC as a slave, DeviceNet for remote slave devices, Serial RS-232C to communicate with an Omron CJ2M PLC as a slave, and Ethernet connected to Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) Omron NB7W and Kinco GL070E for PLC data monitoring. Based on the assessment results, the overall trainer tool evaluated received an effectiveness score of 95.1% from 6 aspects of the assessment. This trainer is expected to enhance students’ understanding of PLC communication protocols and their applications in integrated systems.

Youth soccer performance is multifaceted, includes physical growth, biological maturation, and physical fitness, and is linked to the sporting environment to which the players are exposed. We aim to describe age-related associations in body physique, body composition, physical performance technical and tactical skills, psychological and club characteristics of male soccer players aged 12 to 14 years. A total of 157 male soccer players clustered into three age-cohorts (12, 13 and 14 years) were recruited from six soccer clubs. Anthropometric, body composition and body physique, biological maturation, physical performance, skill/game proficiency data, psychological characteristics, and clubs’ characteristics were collected. Group means were compared using analysis of variance and covariance. Fourteen years old players were significantly taller, heavier, leaner, faster, stronger, and technically more skilled than their younger peers (p < 0.05). Differences in physical performance and technical skills (p < 0.05) were found between age groups when adjusting for confounders of soccer training and biological maturation. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between age groups were found in psychological domains. Our findings suggest that age, biological maturation, and training volume are key factors influencing young soccer players’ performance and development. Further, clubs’ conditions provide players with ample resources for their success in training and competition.

Water level control and pressure control are implemented in many at several industrial processing such as water dam, petrochemical processing plant, pharmacy and food processing plant, overhead tank, waste processing plant, electricity plant, etc. This study analyses a simulation and a needed components for automatically water level control system implementation using programmable logic controller (PLC). The water level control using PLC is designed to control the water level and prevent waste the water from a water tank. PLC is one of devices of automated controller which mostly used. Use of PLCs in industries are indispensable to control parameters which required high precision. In this research studies water level control system using PLC as primary controller and human machine interface (HMI) as remote controller that could visualize state of a system work (plant) in real time on computer screen and could gather field data as well. Main device for this research is Omron PLC CP2E type and touchscreen HMI Omron. At the prototype is used a water tank and a water container (to be one with the water resource), and in the HMI is showed the pages of home, control panel, and plant. From the result of the diagram ladder and the HMI design are got the system run well. The application from this research could be learning media in the system control laboratory for the subject of industrial control system and the others, related to it.

The characteristics and applications of the system for welding machines based on SCM , based on PLC control system and PC-based industrial control system was introduced. It has certain significance to the design of welding machine control system.

Industrial communications play a key role in data management of industrial process. Devices from different types of manufacturers needs to exchange information in order to meet the specifications of the process. This paper presents implementation of the communication between Siemens PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and Eaton Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) monitored by HMI (Human Machine Interface). The stand contains PLC, HMI, Variable Frequency Drive, electrical sliding couple, electrical sliding brake, LAN module, DIN rail, circuit breakers, electrical wires, communication cables and tower lights. The Siemens PLC S7-1200 has attached a PROFIBUS-DP Master Communication module CM 1243-5 manufactured by Siemens, which communicate by PROFIBUS cable with Eaton SVX 9000 PROFIBUS DP option board. The hardware configuration contains modules interconnected by PROFIBUS and Ethernet/IP protocols. The software, including PLC programming and HMI, is designed to control the motor by VFD through PROFIBUS. The system is controlled by PLC locally but also the control can be performed through Web.

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Performance at optimal levels requires high levels of technical, tactical and physiological skills. Identification and selection of talented soccer players are not straightforward procedures. Anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes may contribute to select talented players. The selection made at early ages may be relevant up until adulthood and many players may drop out of soccer only because of their date of birth. Team sport coaches thus have the dilemma of balancing the development of skill and physiological requirements of the players. Soccer requires superior levels of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Optimal aerobic fitness is a prerequisite for elite soccer players and has benefits such as increased work intensity during a game; prevention of a second-half reduction in performance; doubling the number of sprints completed; and allowing players to cover a greater distance. The players’ aerobic capacity plays an important role in modern soccer and also has a major influence on their technical performance. Muscle strength, power and speed are important physiological characteristics in order to perform sprinting, jumping, tackling and kicking in soccer. Anaerobic activity may constitute the more crucial moments of the game and contribute directly to winning possession of the ball and to the scoring and conceding of goals. This review summarises and provides an update of data available on the physiology of male soccer players representing different countries worldwide. The information may have important implications for the success of soccer players and teams and could guide coaches in the selection process. Keywords: Soccer, aerobic fitness, anaerobic fitness, technical skills, anthropometry African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD) Vol. 18, No. 2 (June) 2012, pp. 365-394

Diseño e implementación de un sistema de control y monitoreo basado en HMI-PLC para un pozo de agua potable

There are many challenges in operating a multi-story building so the building can operate well. One potential problem that has a serious risk of damaging assets and even causing disruption to building operations is water leaks. To detect the impact of leaks from water installations, a detection system is needed that can provide specific information about the location of the leak to the building control center. This system uses a water detector as detection and a digital direct bit module as 8-bit input to the PLC Omron CPM2A, then the PLC will send an 8-bit digital direct output signal to the Arduino Uno module and a graphic visualization display using the Omron NB10-TW001 HMI. This research method is to design hardware and software. Testing the accuracy of input and output (I/O) signals, testing detectors, power supplies, and relay modules. From the research results, it was found that the input and output signals correspond to the 8 I/O bits, namely 00000000 - 11111111 which are processed by the PLC and Arduino, the performance of the Water Detector functions well as proven by the functioning of the CRM. Keyword: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC); Water Detector (WD); Channel Relay Module (CRM); Human Machine Interface (HMI); Arduino Uno; Digital Direct Bit.

Bottle filling, closing, and labellingmachine control and monitoring tool using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human-Machine Interface (HMI). This tool is designed to optimize the production process in the bottled beverage industry,with dimensions of 200 cm × 70 cm × 100 cm. The conveyor transports bottles through the filling, capping, and labeling units. In each unit, sensors are installed to detect the presence of bottles. Bottle liquid volume is determined through time settings inputted through the HMI,and the filling is performed by a water pump. After filling, bottles are capped and tightened mechanically using an air impact system. Labeling is handled by two DC motors which unroll the label and rotate the bottle, ensuringthe label adheres evenlyto all sides of the bottle. The number of bottles produced is calculated using a capacitive proximity sensor and displayed on the HMI. Testing results show that the system effectivelycontrols and monitors the bottle filling, capping, and labeling process viaPLC and HMI. Based on the test results on the bottle filling unit, the system can fill water into the bottle with a maximum percentage error of 0.5% on a 1000 ml volume bottle. In the capping unit, the success rate achieved is 70%, while the success rate in the bottle labeling unit is 80%.

Team Handball (TH) consists of intense, intermittent activities such as running, sprinting, jumping as well as regular throwing, hitting, blocking, and pushing between players. In addition to technical and tactical skills, it has been argued that one of the key skills necessary for success in team handball is throwing performance (Gorostiaga et al., 2006; Marques and Gonzalez-Badillo, 2006). Although the technique of motion and the fitness level can be improved by the training process, others variables like strength and power can determine throwing ball velocity (TBv). To our best knowledge, few studies have examined the relationship between ball throwing performance in elite team handball players with dynamic strength and power metrics of the upper-extremity and lower extremities. The bench press is a widely used movement to develop strength and power in the upper-body in TH players. However, data about kinematics factors using light free weights is limited (Gorostiaga et al., 2006). Additionally, others studies observed that TBv is able to establish a strong correlation with lower-extremities, namely with maximum strength and vertical jump (Marques and Gonzalez-Badillo, 2006). Furthermore, once most throwing actions are made during a step running throw, we also hypostatized that TBv could be related with short srint running. Therefore, aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ball throwing velocity and bench press performance, squat strength, sprint ability, and jump power in a group of elite TH players. A group of fifteen senior elite male TH players volunteered to participate in the study (average age: 23 years-old, range 20-29 years-old), including five Portuguese international players. Subjects were required to sign an informed consent form prior to the study. Study was also approved by the Institutional Review Committee Board of the local Committee for Medical Research Ethics. Study was also developed according to current Portuguese law and regulations as well as, the Helsinki Declaration.

Developing a hybrid programmable logic controller platform for a flexible manufacturing system

FTU toroidal magnet power supply slow control using ITER CODAC Core System

The paper introduces a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) / Human Machine Interface (HMI) system incorporated along with machine learning (ML) classifiers. Although some other studies have incorporated ML techniques to predict and control petroleum product terminals in terms of concentration, the proposed framework incorporates Add On Instruction (AOI) programming, PLC, and ML methods to automatically monitor petroleum products terminals. The framework adds an AOI in programming to achieve maximum usage of processor capabilities. Moreover, it uses AOI for programming in cooperation with the ladder diagram (LD). This leads to simplifying the LD graphical programming language, reducing the time of scanning, and making facilitate troubleshooting. The AOI is merged with ML to automate tank level detection and maintain good operational conditions and consequently protect these expensive essential assets. The introduced framework consists of three stages. The first stage is the PLC programming phase where the PLC is created using Add-On instructions. Next, HMI graphic displays are drawn and linked to the PLC tags in the following stage. During the third stage, the actual process readings are applied to the system based on ML algorithms to test its functionality. The proposed system results indicates a reduction in the LD number, highest program size, and maximum time of scanning. The results indicate that the AOI can help to trace the program more easily in fault situations. Besides, additional program instructions could reduce processor memory, system construction costs, and upgrade projects.

This paper presents a simulation of a smart monitoring system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) techniques which monitor the power consumption of industrial, residential or commercial sites. On the other hand, users can watch their energy consumption locally (on site) by a Human Machine Interface (HMI) or remotely by their mobiles via the Short Message Service (SMS) if they request that. This smart control system will shut down any increase in the electrical load as soon as it reaches the set value that is decided by the designer of the program by shutting down the least priority loads. Also, they could be warned either on site by HMI or remotely by SMS which is referred to as “text message” using their mobile devices in real time via the mobile network; if their power consumption reaches nearer to their predetermined set values. This paper aims to meet the needs of consumers for electric power, which are: reduce the cost of electrical power consumption and maintain the continuity of processing and handling of this vital energy.

This paper presents an implementation of automation scheme for control of three phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive. Performance evaluation and monitoring of drive is described using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) system. The control, operation and monitoring of PMSM drive in three basic modes, i.e. position, speed and torque modes is achieved through PLC programming and SCADA. A Human Machine Interface (HMI) control is also developed for operation of drive system at field level controls. Ladder logic programs according to desired control mode of operations are developed to control and monitor the status of PMSM drive. SCADA screens have been developed to control and monitor the status of the motor and for field level control HMI touch screens are designed. The real time data related to PMSM drive such as output of position encoder, torque developed by motor, power input to motor, speed etc. are accessed for supervisory control of drive.