Banana Joe

Apple (Malus sylvestris mill) is an annual subtropical plant rich in fiber. It was brought from America to Europe, and is now known all over the world, including Indonesia. Increasing the economical value of local apple can be made through product diversification, which is processing apple into high quality products. The high potential of apple as a commodity has motivated the growth of food manufacturing industry, both small and big scales to provide semi-processed raw material to its end product. One of this kind of industry is PIA Apple Pie in Bogor. The objectives of this study are (1) to study the form of development of the PIA Apple Pie business, (2) to analyze the influence of consumersA¢â‚¬â„¢ preference in marketing the product, and (3) to analyze the prospect of the development of apple pie business made by PIA Apple Pie in Bogor through the arrangement of the development strategy. The descriptive method was used in collecting the data of raw material, market prospect and finance. The tools of analysis used were IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation), EFE (External Factor Evaluation), IPA (Importance Performance Analysis), and the SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). Based on IPA, there were four quadrants that show the criteria of each attribute. The attribute that needs to be focused on, and therefore should get priority in its improvement of performance are the price of product, the easiness to get the product, the employeesA¢â‚¬â„¢ hospitality, the parking area, and the store business hours. The result of the analysis of IE matrix showed an internal factor of 2.941 and an external factor of 2.892, which put the business in quadrant V, which are growth and stability. These factors showed that PIA Apple Pie seriously responded to opportunities and threats, and showed a strong internal condition. Based on the SWOT analysis, some alternative marketing strategies that are based on mixed marketing are (1) the product strategy, by making modification of new innovation in product development, to maintain different pie sizes, to maintain the company image and position, (2) the price strategy, by launching economic packages and giving extra pies for a certain amount of transaction, (3) the location strategy by opening new branches within easy access which has a large and comfortable parking area, and (4) the promotion strategy, by advertorial and sales force. Keywords : Apple Pie, IPA, SWOT, marketing strategiest, local apple

154 SUSAN TICHY I FOUND THIS PENCIL IN A PARKING LOT I found this pencil in a parking lot Tree branch lying on a frozen lake Not only the world around, but the world around that Barbed wire strung through the beet fields By classic, heroic nudity our life was cheered Headwall, Fluted Peak: in the hard stare, the sweet Good-looking soldier in helmet and shades Anything can speak as a riddle, but he looks bored How many hours guarding their shining oxen? You and I were drinking tea aged in a tangerine Not in a tangerine, but in its skin Where, then, is the sweet fruit? 49 days of spirit wander Pack horse tangled in the prayer flags ‘What mountain is this, my dear?’ Where there is mountain, something is flat I found this pencil in a parking lot 155 SUSAN TICHY COME BACK EACH SUMMER TO SEE HOW FAR YOUR FAVORITE ROCK HAS MOVED Come back each summer to see how far Your favorite rock has moved No object of interest to ants, nor to butterflies Silty water and root-stained ice That is to say, when a white object Casts a shadow on a white surface And instead of notepaper, a red book ‘For the only thing certain about dark sides Is that their colour will be changeful’ Their color will be changeful But the whole range is called The Mountain of God The trail traverses, kick steps as you go Dirty wool caught in the barbed wire But only now and then As cloud is driven from steep to steep And birds alone, who can pass freely over the walls of the prison, say ‘There is nothing there, only unclimbed peaks’ And the stones of Tamburlaine’s army And the stones of Tamburlaine’s army ‘For the nobleness of mystery is neither idle nor undefined’ Gates and palaces, locked temples (On the mountain the mountain goes unseen) ‘And liberty of the separate leaves To trace these laws of government’ Cutting steps in the old snow Spruce pollen caught in the fold of my shirt Come back each summer to see how far Your favorite rock has moved 156 SUSAN TICHY CONTEST vb [mf contester, fr. L contestari to bring an action at law, fr. contestari to call to witness] vi (1603): strive, vie; vt (1603) to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation; dispute, challenge [ie trei, three, 11: third person standing by 1 Call me the patroller of roads Clack of grasshopper in humid thought Once in a while it helps to pinpoint the error In penciled relationship stone house Gravestone in the woods commensurate To God in a plant fission or fusion Muscle concealed in a shirtsleeve Capture at night where it roosts Fledged family (That slight rhythm of fear denotes escape) Unloved anonymous tutelary Antebellum hurl I want no part of Sloping down to a cool mist • I entered the woods where an old stone wall Trespass on my own requirement 157 Flood water receding, iambic oar Dipped in to the depth of persuasion Constant escape into other climates Obedience to an unfenced grave (Deceive myself here and be done with it) 1860s: Father and son went west, one died Brother and two sisters mourned The loss of their slaves as they saw fit Deny holograph trace and scuttle Kinship remote commensurate With debt • I have nae come tae drink the wine The claws correspond exactly Audible pain of a plucked string The saint is assisting the lion A volume of so notorious, not to say sacred a character Its ravages among the scholars, figures of word order Trimmed out of existence Yet if now word is not a word The obvious awe, the torn edge (Take courage, throw the tutelage) I must perforce gae seik my father’s sword • 158 In fragments of a catechism Critical apparatus and be true Asking fruit where there weren’t any grew Plausible reason for battle To row the Potomac or St. Gregory’s River distributing names according to circumstances Clause preceding or surrounding Vessel abandoned to waves and winds It rise betymes an effigy • Then what’s the blood that’s on your...

UTOMATED video surveillance addresses real-time observation of people and vehicles within a busy environment, leading to a description of their actions and interactions. The technical issues include moving object detection and tracking, object classification, human motion analysis, and activity understanding, touching on many of the core topics of computer vision, pattern analysis, and aritificial intelligence. Video surveillance has spawned large research projects in the United States, Europe, and Japan, and has been the topic of several international conferences and workshops in recent years. There are immediate needs for automated surveillance systems in commercial, law enforcement, and military applications. Mounting video cameras is cheap, but finding available human resources to observe the output is expensive. Although surveillance cameras are already prevalent in banks, stores, and parking lots, video data currently is used only “after the fact” as a forensic tool, thus losing its primary benefit as an active, real-time medium. What is needed is continuous 24-hour monitoring of surveillance video to alert security officers to a burglary in progress or to a suspicious individual loitering in the parking lot, while there is still time to prevent the crime. In addition to the obvious security applications, video surveillance technology has been proposed to measure traffic flow, detect accidents on highways, monitor pedestrian congestion in public spaces, compile consumer demographics in shopping malls and amusement parks, log routine maintainence tasks at nuclear facilities, and count endangered species. The numerous military applications include patrolling national borders, measuring the flow of refugees in troubled areas, monitoring peace treaties, and providing secure perimeters around bases and embassies. The 11 papers in this special section illustrate topics and techniques at the forefront of video surveillance research. These papers can be loosely organized into three categories. Detection and tracking involves real-time extraction of moving objects from video and continuous tracking over time to form persistent object trajectories. C. Stauffer and W.E.L. Grimson introduce unsupervised statistical learning techniques to cluster object trajectories produced by adaptive background subtraction into descriptions of normal scene activity. Viewpoint-specific trajectory descriptions from multiple cameras are combined into a common scene coordinate system using a calibration technique described by L. Lee, R. Romano, and G. Stein, who automatically determine the relative exterior orientation of overlapping camera views by observing a sparse set of moving objects on flat terrain. Two papers address the accumulation of noisy motion evidence over time. R. Pless, T. Brodský, and Y. Aloimonos detect and track small objects in aerial video sequences by first compensating for the self-motion of the aircraft, then accumulating residual normal flow to acquire evidence of independent object motion. L. Wixson notes that motion in the image does not always signify purposeful travel by an independently moving object (examples of such “motion clutter” are wind-blown tree branches and sun reflections off rippling water) and devises a flow-based salience measure to highlight objects that tend to move in a consistent direction over time. Human motion analysis is concerned with detecting periodic motion signifying a human gait and acquiring descriptions of human body pose over time. R. Cutler and L.S. Davis plot an object’s self-similarity across all pairs of frames to form distinctive patterns that classify bipedal, quadripedal, and rigid object motion. Y. Ricquebourg and P. Bouthemy track apparent contours in XT slices of an XYT sequence volume to robustly delineate and track articulated human body structure. I. Haritaoglu, D. Harwood, and L.S. Davis present W4, a surveillance system specialized to the task of looking at people. The W4 system can locate people and segment their body parts, build simple appearance models for tracking, disambiguate between and separately track multiple individuals in a group, and detect carried objects such as boxes and backpacks. Activity analysis deals with parsing temporal sequences of object observations to produce high-level descriptions of agent actions and multiagent interactions. In our opinion, this will be the most important area of future research in video surveillance. N.M. Oliver, B. Rosario, and A.P. Pentland introduce Coupled Hidden Markov Models (CHMMs) to detect and classify interactions consisting of two interleaved agent action streams and present a training method based on synthetic agents to address the problem of parameter estimation from limited real-world training examples. M. Brand and V. Kettnaker present an entropyminimization approach to estimating HMM topology and

Experiments with dead wood reveal the importance of dead branches in the canopy for saproxylic beetle conservation

In act three of Lope de Vega's El nuevo mundo descubierto por Cristobal Colon, King Ferdinand greets the mariner upon his triumphant return to Spain and compares him to his namesake, Saint Christopher. The iconography of this popular saint unites a number of motifs in the play. Like St. Christopher, Columbus crosses a dangerous body of water to bring Christ to a new shore. St. Christopher traditionally carries a staff that is either a dead branch with its limbs severed or else a live tree. These opposing images and the legend of St. Christopher embody the Christian iconographical narrative of a dead tree made to blossom and bear fruit, a tradition that unites the Tree of Knowledge from the Garden of Eden with Christ's death on the cross. St. Christopher is a patron saint of mariners, and like Moses he is famed for his victory over dangerous waters.Keywords: Columbus; dead tree; King Ferdinand; Lope de Vega; Moses; Saint Christopher; Spain

As soon as I hit the asphalt, I knew what had happened. Another Smith's fracture, my third in 10 years. I was in the public car park next to one...

Thinning of different intensity have been carried out on a 33 years old Pinus pinaster plantation and results have been compared with that of a witness treatment. The experimental design consists of randomized blocks. Standing biomass before thinning have been estimated through inventories and subsequent determination of modular values. Litterfall represented by leaf fall and dead branches has been measured as well as its evolution throughout the year on plots representing four different stand densities. The evolution of diameter growth has been studied as well for each stand density. Timber yield has been measured and compared with branch and leaf yields.

Tetraponera Smith, 1852, a large ant genus comprising 87 extant and seven fossil species, is primarily distributed in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australasian regions. A new species, T. sirindhornae Yodprasit, Tasen & Jaitrong, sp. nov., is described from southern Thailand based on worker, dealate queen, and male castes. The new species exhibits worker dimorphism and is morphologically similar to T. binghami (Forel, 1902), T. connectens Ward, 2001, and T. notabilis Ward, 2001 in possessing an elongated head, but differs by the presence of a distinct mandibular gap between masticatory margins when the mandibles are closed (in the case of major worker and queen). The new species was found nesting in a dead rubber tree branch on a tree within a rubber plantation near a stream.

Positive interactions between great longhorn beetles and forest structure

We studied the relationship between breeding birds and seral stages of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) woodlands in central South Dakota between 1990 and 1992. Stands of early seral green ash undergoing primary succession had few small trees with western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in the understory. Some early seral green ash stands resulted from retrogression and had large trees with grass understory. Late seral green ash stands were represented by greater overstory cover consisting of green ash and chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) shrubs and small trees in the understory. Sixty-five of 81 bird species that were observed in these woodlands required woodland vegetation as part of their habitat. Tree- and shrub-nesting birds were the most common and were associated with late seral stages. Ground-nesting birds had mixed relationships between early and late seral stages. Cavity-nesting birds used snags and dead tree branches which occurred in all seral stages. Correlations of birds with vegetation measurements suggested habitat features birds may have selected for in these woodlands.

According to theory, a small diurnal bird living in a predictable environment should have the highest feeding effort as late as possible in the day in order to minimize the time it carries large and costly reserves. The feeding effort should also decline with increasing food availability. We tested both these ideas with the lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor). For most of the year, this bird feeds on wood-living insects in dead tree branches. This food supply is likely to be highly predictable on a daily scale. Our results corroborated the theory. We found that the proportion of time spent actively feeding was lower in the mornings (before noon) than in the afternoons. We also found that woodpeckers spent less time feeding the higher their food availability However, for a given food availability they spent more time feeding in the afternoons. This supports the idea that feeding is less and other activities are more valuable in the mornings given a predictable food resource. This is the first demonstration of daily routines in small birds concordant with a predictable environment. In spring, males but not females reduced their feeding time. This difference between the sexes may be related to their sex-specific reproductive effort.

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Harvest slash can represent a major source of downed woody debris (DWD) in selection-managed forests. In this study, we analyze the volume, cover, size distribution, and decay-class distribution of DWD input by selection harvesting in central Ontario, Canada. Selection harvesting input 23.9 m3 DWD·ha–1 (0.013 m2 DWD·m–2), with cut basal area explaining 46% and 30% of the respective within-stand variation in cover and volume, respectively. The size distribution of the slash was similar to that of DWD in permanent sample plots (including old-growth stands and stands that have not been recently harvested), countering a common assumption that harvesting inputs only small-sized material. Harvest-origin DWD was bimodally distributed across decay classes, with the first peak (decay class 1) associated with fresh harvest slash and a second smaller peak (decay class 3) likely representing dead trees and branches that were felled or broken during harvest operations. A matrix projection model showed that slash can maintain DWD levels in managed, uneven-aged stands comparable with those in unmanaged stands, but the mean decay class increases steadily over a 20-year period after harvest. Our results underline the importance of harvest inputs for maintaining DWD pools in selection-managed forests and provide baseline information against which to compare forests managed with higher utilization standards.

3 Abstract: In recent years, charcoal cankeraffecting the oak species (Quercus castaneifolia) in northern forests' and (Quercus persica) in Zagros forests' of Iran.This research investigated the population density of diseased trees and interaction across the severity of disease symptomatology onQ. Castaneifolia in the Quroq Park Hyrcanian Mixed Forests of Iran. We used two-dimensional spatial analysis tools with data gathered in point-centered-quarter format in 2013 to quantify the population density of diseased trees to examine the spatial pattern of tree mortality and investigated co-occurrence severity of disease symptoms using paired quadrat covariance analysis. Eventually, the percent of dead crown (total number of dead branches), depth, area and canker number in 400 trees were recorded in seven transects. Results showed that nearly 60 % of the oak trees in the park are diseased, as for the severity of disease oak trees with high probability 36% of oak trees recorded in this study offing death. Dead trees and high disease severity were strongly clustered at broader scales (800 m), trees with only a limited bleeding and signs of fungal activity Biscogniauxia mediterranea occurred in clusters away from dead trees. Crown mortality and Beetle-infested trees co-occurred with mortality were strongly correlated. These findings suggest that clustered spatial patterns of charcoal cancer can be important for the control and management of this disease in oak forests.

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The persistence and recovery of devil’s club ( Oplopanax horridus (Sm.) Miq., Araliaceae) after clearcut logging in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, is investigated through a series of retrospective surveys. This species remains important to the traditional culture of many First Peoples of western North America and is being studied for its biological abilities by medical researchers. Based on observations in 16 clearcuts that had been logged 3 to 37 years earlier, it is clear that devil’s club can survive and grow in these disturbed habitats and appears to take at least 10 years for sizes to recover to those found in old-growth forests. The most successful populations of post-logging devil’s club probably escaped damage during logging operations, showed no recent signs of fire, and were associated with loose piles of dead branches, tree tops, and rotten logs. Consideration of these factors in forest management, in combination with the time since logging, should facilitate the resilience and sustainability of this species. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}