Bihom derivations in Banach algebras

The main result: Let $A$ be a Banach algebra over the complex field $C$. Suppose there exists a continuous derivation $D:A \to A$, such that $\alpha {D^3} + {D^2}$ is a derivation for some $\alpha \in C$. In this case $D$ maps $A$ into its radical.

Invariants of algebraic derivations and automorphisms in Banach algebras

We show that a real Banach algebra $A$ such that $\Vert a^{2}\Vert =\Vert a\Vert^{2}$ for $a\in A$ is a subalgebra of the algebra $C_{\mathbb{H}}( X) $ of continuous quaternion-valued functions on a compact set $X$.

We show that for any semisimple, commutative, complex Banach algebra $A$ with unit there are norms on $A$, which we call natural norms, equivalent to the original norm on $A$ with the following property: Let $(A,|| \cdot |{|_A},{e_A})$ and $(B,|| \cdot |{|_B},{e_B})$ are commutative, semisimple Banach algebras with units and natural norms. Assume $T$ is a linear isometry from $(A,|| \cdot |{|_A})$ onto $(B,|| \cdot |{|_B})$ with $T{e_A} = {e_B}$. Then $T$ is an isomorphism in the category of Banach algebras. For a fairly large class of algebras, for example, for uniform algebras, for algebras of the form ${C^k}(X),{\text { Lip}}(X),{\text { AC}}(X)$, the natural norm we have defined coincides with a usual norm.

In this paper we derive the explicit, closed-form, recursion-free formulae for the arbitrary-order Fr?chet derivatives of the exponential and logarithmic functions in unital Banach algebras (complex or real). These computations are obtained via the Bochner integrals for the Banach algebra valued functions, with respect to the standard Lebesgue measure. As an application, we utilize our results in the approximation schemes of the solutions to stochastic functional differential equations.

Let A be a complex Banach algebra with an identity 1. In this note we study the subset Λ of A consisting of all g ∈ A such that the spectrum of g, sp(g), contains at least one non-negative real number. Clearly Λ is not, in general, a semi-group with respect to either addition or multiplication. However, Λ is an instance of a subset Q of A with the following properties, where ρ(f) denotes the spectral radius of f (4, p. 30).

Let E be a complex Banach space and F be a complex Banach algebra. We will be interested in the subspace ℙ_f({}^n E,F) of P({}^n E,F) generated by the collection of functions \varphi^n(n\in ℕ, \varphi \in L(E,F)) where \varphi^n(x) = (\varphi (x))^n for each x\in E .

LetA be a matrix over a complex commutative unital Banach algebra. We give necessary and sufficient conditions forA to have a generalized inverse. Moreover, if the Banach algebra has a symmetric involution, these are also necessary and sufficient conditions forA to admit the Moore-Penrose inverse.

Uniqueness under spectral variation in the socle of a Banach algebra

We present here a multiplicative version of the classical Kowalski–Słodkowski theorem, which identifies the characters among the collection of all functionals on a complex and unital Banach algebra A. In particular, we show that, if A is a $C^\star $ -algebra, and if $\phi :A\to \mathbb C $ is a continuous function satisfying $ \phi (x)\phi (y) \in \sigma (xy) $ for all $x,y\in A$ (where $\sigma $ denotes the spectrum), then either $\phi $ is a character of A or $-\phi $ is a character of A.

For a matrix over a complex commutative unital Banach algebra, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of its group inverse, and more generally, its Drazin inverses. The conditions are easy to check and explicit formulas for the inverses are provided. Some properties of the inverses and an application to operator theory are discussed. This note is a continuation of an earlier work of the author.

Let A be a complex unital Banach algebra. Since the set of invertible elements is open, there is an open ball around every invertible element. In this article, we investigate the Banach algebras for which the radius given by the Neumann series is optimal.

Let A be a complex unital Banach algebra. An element u∈A is a norm unitary if(For the algebra of all bounded operators on a Banach space, the norm unitaries arethe invertible isometries.) Given a norm unitary u∈A, we have Sp(u)⊃Γ, where Sp(u) denotes the spectrum of u and Γ denotes the unit circle in C. If Sp(u)≠Γ we may suppose, by replacing eiθu, that . Then there exists h ∈ A such that

Let A be an element of a complex Banach algebra with identitI. The ordinary spectrum of A, sp(A), consists of those points z in the complex plane such that A — zI has no inverse in . If Q is any other element of , we define spQ(A), the spectrum of A relative to Q, or Q-spectrum of A, as those points z such that has no inverse in . Thus if Q = 0 the Q-spectrum of A is the same as the ordinary spectrum of A.The generalized notion of spectrum, spQ(A), retains many of the properties of the ordinary spectrum, particularly when A and Q commute and the ordinary spectrum of Q does not meet the unit circle. Under these conditions the Q-spectrum of A is a nonempty compact subset of the plane, and if both sp(A) and sp(Q) are finite (or countable), so is spQ(A).

Let G be a complete normed abelian group with norm N1. Let S be an interval (bounded or otherwise) of real numbers. We propose to study the Stieltjes integral equationwhere p is in G, a is in S, and each Fk is a function on S each value of which is a function from G to G. Our primary tools of investigation will be the works of J. S. MacNerney [6; 7] and their extensions by the author [4; 5]. Our main result, Theorem 4, will show that the equation above can be solved by a product integral of infinite products of solutions for the summands of the integrator. After obtaining our results, we shall specialize them to a linear situation and then show how this specialization allows us to obtain representations for analytic functions having only invertible values in a complex Banach algebra with identity.