Blockchain Business Applications

The convergence of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and cloud computing is catalyzing a paradigm shift in developing secure, intelligent, and scalable digital infrastructures. This triad of technologies is increasingly utilized to improve performance, transparency, and trust in engineering-driven and socio-technical environments. This study systematically reviews the evolution, integration strategies, and applications of blockchain, AI, and cloud computing in digital ecosystems. The analysis is based on 108 peer-reviewed studies spanning the years 2012 to 2025. A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted to identify trends, synergies, and sector-specific implementations of these systems. The review explores how their integration supports real-world engineering and operational use cases. Blockchain contributes to decentralized architectures, secure data exchange, and identity verification. AI supports adaptive behavior, autonomous decision-making, and predictive analytics. Cloud computing offers the scalable infrastructure necessary for deployment. Key challenges addressed include interoperability, latency, security trade-offs, and resource allocation. Use cases in digital finance, supply chain management, and industrial automation demonstrate the effectiveness of this integration in building resilient, ethically aligned, and high-performance infrastructures. The findings offer valuable insights and technical considerations for engineers and architects seeking to design next-generation cyber-physical systems that are secure, intelligent, and socially responsive. Clinical Trial Number Not applicable. This article accentuates the extensive use of blockchain, cloud computing, and AI principles, emphasizing their crucial significance in the contemporary digital environment and paths in which blockchain technology may be employed to automate financial transactions, enhance the security of personal data and records, facilitate cross-border transactions, verify identities, execute smart contracts, utilize cryptocurrencies, and manage supply chains. This research systematically assesses the development and practical application of blockchain, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence technologies over the past decade. This study primarily focuses on monitoring the progress, practical applications, and benefits of blockchain technology in the context of financial transactions. This article probes the symbiotic relationship between artificial intelligence, cloud and blockchain technology, analyzing the evolution and fundamental concepts of their integration from 2012 to 2025. This paper also presents a detailed analysis of 108 research works acquitted over the past decade. The study provides a comprehensive examination of the current state and fundamental principles related to the integration of artificial intelligence, cloud, and blockchain technology. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the major obstacles confronted by blockchain technology, examining its wide-ranging applications over several industries and its socko role in transaction systems and the domain of cryptocurrencies.

With the development of economic globalization, international commercial disputes are increasing day by day, and international commercial mediation has gradually become an important part of the dispute resolution mechanism. At the same time, digital currency, which relies on blockchain technology, has brought unprecedented changes to international commercial exchanges and has been applied in many fields of international commercial affairs. However, there are difficulties in the application of blockchain in international commerce. At present, there is no relevant law to regulate the judicial use of blockchain, which brings risks to CNC security and personal privacy protection. Based on this, this paper aims to study the construction of a cross-border international commercial mediation mechanism based on blockchain technology. First, it analyzes the characteristics of blockchain and international commercial mediation and the advantages of international commercial mediation. Then, through a questionnaire survey of law students from three universities, the deficiencies of China’s International Commercial Mediation mechanism and the difficulties in the application of blockchain in International Commercial Mediation are understood. Finally, according to the survey results, suggestions on the construction of cross-border International Commercial Mediation mechanism based on blockchain technology are put forward. The investigation results show that the application of blockchain in international commercial mediation faces many legal problems, and current international commercial mediation lacks a unified law to regulate the use of blockchain, which will cause some complexity in the application of laws, jurisdiction, and other issues.

PurposeBlockchain technology has been labeled as the most disruptive technological innovation of the current decade due to its impact on almost every major industry. Based on privacy calculus theory and prior adoption literature on emerging technologies, this research investigates the impact of blockchain technology in the consumer technology segment. It elaborated on the mechanism through which blockchain technology influences users’ willingness to share information with technology products enabled by blockchain.Design/methodology/approachTaking a heterogeneous pool of users, this study conducted multiple experiments with the application of blockchain (vs. regular database) technology to high (vs. low) sensitive data to study the impact of blockchain perception on users’ information-sharing tendencies.FindingsThrough a mediated moderation analysis, the result shows that the use of blockchain technology enhances the sense of security among users. However, the impact of this heightened sense of security only develops a higher willingness to share information when the data is highly sensitive.Practical implicationsThe research reflects on the perception of blockchain technology and the leading impact on willingness to share information with firms. This could be a critical criterion for determining investment in blockchain technologies for consumer products, particularly based on the sensitivity of the data the consumer is sharing.Originality/valueThis research focuses on the perception of blockchain technology among consumers and its impact on consumers’ decision-making related to their data sharing. People have a higher sense of safety when it comes to blockchain-enabled products. However, we find that it would not be the same for all contexts, and the sensitivity of the data collected would have an impact on this relationship and consumers’ data-sharing decisions.

Analysts and professionals keep on drawing fluctuated interests in blockchain (BC) technology. The idea has- some key highlights, for example, decentralization, dependability, security, and information veracity. In any case, even with the developing interest, much more has to be done concerning the current state of knowledge and practice in relation to the use of BC technology in education. Accordingly, this study presents a review of the current investigations on BC-based learning applications in the education sector. This paper has focused on three major themes: learning applications that have been made using BC technology, the contribution and merits of blockchain technology to the education sector, and the problems experienced while integrating BC technology in the education sector. A concentrated conversation is introduced as well as a complete outcome examination of each topic. This paper also highlights the key areas of the education sector which tend to benefit from the application of Blockchain technology.KeywordsBlockchain technologyDevelopmentEducation sector

Chapter 6 - Applications of blockchain in smart cities: detecting fake documents from land records using blockchain technology

This study investigated the possibility of applying blockchain technology to Islamic financial engineering products in Saudi Islamic banks, focusing on the case study of Al Rajhi Bank. It aimed to study and evaluate the feasibility and possibilities of applying Blockchain technology to Islamic financial engineering products in Saudi Islamic banks. It also sought to identify the challenges and potential benefits of this application, as it clarified what Blockchain technology is and its most important features, which include increasing transparency, security, and efficiency in conducting finance transactions. Islamic financial engineering and its various most important products based on blockchain technology were also reviewed. This study used a qualitative analytical approach by collecting data from relevant books, magazines, and studies and qualitatively analyzing the content of documents related to blockchain technology at Al Rajhi Bank. This study reached several results; The possibility of using Blockchain technology in developing and implementing Islamic financial engineering products in Saudi banks achieves transparency and security of transactions and reduces operational costs. Al Rajhi Bank achieved positive results when applying the initial basics of Blockchain technology in some of its Islamic products, such as financing. Real estate and international money transfers, reducing operational risks, fraud, human errors, and operational costs in the long term. The study also recommended establishing a specialized work team to develop and implement Blockchain applications in Islamic financial products, including experts in Islamic financial engineering, Blockchain technology, and banking systems, coordinating with regulatory and supervisory bodies to ensure legislative and Sharia compatibility, and conducting further research on the Sharia and regulatory aspects of Blockchain application in this field.

The signing of electronic contracts and the certification of important documents are realized by utilizing blockchain, identity-based cryptography and electronic signature technology. Blockchain technology can realize the data distributed ledgers through the entire system nodes, the whole processes, and the entire transactions. Identity-based cryptography and electronic signature technology can achieve data integrity, privacy, and nonrepudiation. All data is shared by all participating nodes, the information in the cyberspace is more transparent, and the behavior is more traceable. A complete and compliant contract signing process and data certification is achieved.

Given the advent of high-speed computing capabilities and the widespread accessibility of data, blockchain technology (BCT) has emerged as a highly promising and transformative innovation, particularly in the realm of food supply chain management. This technology has garnered considerable interest from global researchers, as evidenced by the exponential growth in scholarly publications focused on this topic over the past few years. This narrative review offers a critical evaluation of the multifaceted applications of blockchain technology within the food supply chain (FSC) through a comprehensive examination and analysis of existing literature. In addition to providing an overview of the application of blockchain in FSCs, this study also identifies areas or challenges where its potential remains underutilized and suggests the future development direction. This not only helps us fully understand the current status of blockchain in the food supply chain, but also provides a reference for exploring the broader potential applications of blockchain in shaping the future food supply chain.

Goal. The goal of this research is the development of new methods of digitalizing and automation of low dangerous construction waste disposal licensing. Materials and methods. The digital workflow form is jointly used by a waste producer, a transporter, a waste inceptor and a garbage processing license department. The workflow is carried out within blockchain technology. Results. The workflow, the digital application form, the optimization method of data saving without repeating records in blockchain is developed. The problem of licensing process transparency is solved and corruption is prevented. The proposed technical solution uses the FabricSDK platform. Conclusion. The blockchain technology provides equal access rights to information to all participants, ensures maximum speed and transparency of licensing, applauds newcomers of the blockchain network, which contributes to healthy competition in the waste management market.

The centralized database can store a variety of electronic archives. Electronic archives face a variety of network attack vulnerabilities as information technology and network technology continue to advance. Furthermore, these archives will be readily forged and tampered with by internal management or external attackers. Data security and authenticity problems prevail in China’s management system for archives. First, this exploration elaborates the blockchain technology, distributed database technology, and distributed database system structure. Secondly, blockchain technology is applied to the authenticity protection of electronic archives. Then, an optimization model of university archives based on blockchain technology is constructed. Finally, this exploration investigates the current use of blockchain technology for college archive management systems. The questionnaire is used to understand the current university personnel’s views on the college archive management system under the application of blockchain. The survey results suggest that most people support the digital college archive management system. At present, the operation efficiency of the college archive management system still needs to be improved, and the quality of archives search should be promoted. Therefore, the college archive management system still needs to optimize the archive’s efficiency as well as quality. According to the above survey results, this investigation gives suggestions for optimizing the college archive management system using blockchain technology, as well as some suggestions and references for further management.

Objective: This paper explores the use of blockchain technology in agriculture and agricultural products.Research Design & Methods: The article is based on a critical analysis of the literature with a view to understanding the current state of use of blockchain technology in agriculture. It was assumed that blockchain technology is used in the agricultural sector to promote food security, prevent food fraud and verify the origin and authenticity of agricultural products and agricultural inputs.Findings: Blockchain technology improves traceability and transparency, allowing parties within the agricultural value chain to identify faulty or suboptimal processes as well as bad actors. This ensures that ideal conditions are pursued from farm to market. The ability to trace the origin of food products is essential when food safety breaks down. The early identification of the origin of contamination will enable food companies to swing into action quickly to prevent illness and thus save lives. Such a timely response will also help limit food wastage and will save money by containing financial fallout.Implications / Recommendations: Blockchain technology has strong potential for success within the agricultural sector. It can be used to ensure food safety by enabling the source of agricultural products, as well as the source of their potential contamination, to be traced, and the authenticity of farming inputs to be verified. Blockchain can also be employed in the process of disbursing subsidies to farmers to ensure that they benefit from subsidy programmes. Finally, blockchain technology will offer farmers better prices and better payment methods and solve challenges in land title sales and purchase registration.Contribution: Blockchain is a new technology to the agricultural sector, and enormous challenges remain. There is still no established system to regulate blockchain transactions. Nevertheless, the application of blockchain in agriculture holds promising rewards.

Purpose — This paper aims to examine the implementation of blockchain technology in zakat management and determine how it will work in the context of Malaysia. Although zakat institutions in Malaysia use technology, confidence in the efficiency of the zakat fund is still an ongoing issue. Therefore, the potential of blockchain technology for improving the zakat management system is examined. Design/Methodology/Approach — An exploratory study involving two informants with expertise in blockchain technology and Islamic finance was conducted to investigate how the application of blockchain in the zakat management system will accelerate the future implementation and potential of zakat management in Malaysia. Findings — This research finds an accord between the features of blockchain technology and the objectives of zakat. The features are transparency, traceability and security, which align closely with the goals of zakat. As such, a new model has been proposed for the zakat management system, one empowered by blockchain technology that harmonises with the existing system and enhances these elements. Originality/Value — This research can motivate zakat institutions in Malaysia to implement blockchain technology in their zakat management systems by using the proposed model. The research shows the synchronisation of blockchain principles with zakat, which would build trust and confidence. Practical Implications — The discussion on how blockchain can be embedded in the existing zakat management system will contribute towards enhancing zakat management in Malaysia and improve the performance of zakat institutions, enabling them to better serve the community. Given the scarce literature on blockchain adoption in zakat management, this study can spur further research and discussion within this area.

Security is a major concern in every technology that is introduced newly to facilitate the existing mechanism for better maintenance and handling. This is also the case in electronic health records. The data of the hospitals and the associated patients gets digital in the past few decades. The data is stored in the cloud for various reasons such as convenience of the participating entities to access it, easy maintenance. But, with this there also arises various security concerns. It has been observed from the reason studies that blockchain is used as the means of securing the healthcare data in the cloud environment.This study discusses the following. 1) Applications of blockchain in cloud environment, 2) Applications of blockchain in securing healthcare data 3) General issues and security concerns in blockchain technology and what features of block chain makes it suitable for securing health care a nd what features restricts it from using.This work helps the future researchers in getting a deep understanding of the in and out of applying blockchain in cloud and healthcare environment.

In recent years, technological research and studies have accelerated in the agriculture and food industry to protect and improve the trust of consumers. In 2008, with the publication of the white paper on “Bitcoin: Peer-to-peer Electronic Cash Payment System” by Satoshi Nakamoto, the world met with blockchain technology, where there are no middlemen and transfers are made securely. In the following years, with the development of Ethereum by Vitalik Buterin and the interpretation of the concept of Smart Contracts with blockchain technology, blockchain technology has begun to influence all sectors, thanks to its benefits such as increasing transparency and reliability in contracts between parties. Blockchain technology, in addition to providing solutions to financial systems that have become dysfunctional, also brings alternatives to supply chain management, where data needs to be transferred securely and quickly. Blockchain applications used in FSC emerge as a technology that will enable us to solve problems such as food security, food integrity, food fraud, etc.
 In this paper, It has been studied on how to use blockchain technology in the food supply chain, how to choose the suitable blockchain platform, and how It will be facilitating for solutions such as tracking from field to fork, back-tracking are examined the data saved in the blocks and the working mechanism will be discussed in the background.

Ongoing advancements in Block chain Innovation's development have made an imaginative gathering for the two industrialists and analysts. Block chain has various points of interest, for example, disseminated systems, security y, and trustless structures. There are different block chain applications extending from riches the board, cross border protection cryptographic money moves, budgetary administrations, chance management, government, and social government assistance Internet of Things (loT); There are a few articles dependent on the use of block chain innovation in various fields and features of utilization, there is no orderly investigation of block chain innovation in both specialized and business viewpoint. To address this void, an itemized review of the block chain innovation was done. This paper would, specifically, give various specialists the usage of block chain, its executions and talk about innovative difficulties just as ongoing improvements in conquering the difficulties. Likewise, this paper additionally investigates possibilities for concentrate soon.