Blocking-Waived Estimation: Improving the Worst-Case End-To-End Delay Analysis in Switched Ethernet

Effective delay analysis is paramount in construction and project management to understand the impacts of unforeseen setbacks on project schedules. Delay analysis serves as a vital tool for resolving disputes among project stakeholders, such as contractors, owners, subcontractors, etc. It helps to establish accountability and liability for delays by providing an objective and systematic assessment of the causes and impact of delays. Delay analysis enables parties to determine whether delays were excusable or non-excusable, whether they resulted from unforeseeable circumstances or were within the control of the responsible party. It also assists in evaluating the extent of delay-related damages, facilitating fair and equitable settlements or, if necessary, serving as evidence in legal proceedings. In essence, delay analysis serves as a key component in achieving a transparent and fact-based resolution of disputes, saving time and resources while promoting fair and just outcomes for all parties involved in construction projects. There are a few methods suggested by SCL-UK Delay and Disruption Protocol 2017 and AACE 29R-03 Protocol for performing delay analysis (such as Impacted As-Planned (IAP) method, Time Impact Analysis, As-planned v. As-built analysis, collapse as built analysis, etc.). This paper delves into the ‘IAP’ method (also known as MIP 3.6, Ref. AACE 29R-03), a powerful technique that offers a comprehensive perspective on delay effects within project timelines. The paper commences by interpreting the background and methodology of the ‘Impacted As-Planned (IAP)/MIP-3.6’ approach, detailing its uniqueness in comparison to other delay analysis techniques. By outlining the step-by-step process, the paper throws light on the calculations and considerations that underpin the method. It then examines the advantages, legal validity, highlighting the method’s ability to accurately illustrate project progression amid delays and complexities. Conversely, the paper examines potential limitations and challenges, shedding light on scenarios where the method might warrant careful interpretation. Real-world case studies further augment the paper’s insights, showcasing instances where the ‘IAP’ method can be successfully applied to make project decisions. The paper also discusses the practical implementation considerations, limitations of IAP, encompassing data requirements, software tools, and best practices for a reliable analysis.

Delay and Disruption is a common occurrence in construction projects. The challenges of forensic schedule analysis and the evaluation of the extent of project delay increase with the degree of complexity of a project. The occurrence of multiple concurrent delays, secondary effects and the cumulative impact of delay and disruption events can render the establishment of entitlement to extension of time and reimbursement a difficult task. In order for the claiming party to receive compensation for project delay and disruption, causation, liability and quantum have to be demonstrated and proven. Advances in technology have made a shift from conventional delay analysis methods towards delay and disruption analysis supported by Building Information Models possible. Research and application of Building Information Models has increased in recent years, exploring information coordination on multiple dimensions. Linking the fourth dimension of time to a 3D model enables the user to visualize a representation of the construction process. The application of 4D simulation in forensic schedule analysis is a great tool for the visualization of delay events and their effects on the project schedule and the construction process. Although 4D Building Information Models are able to assist forensic schedule analysis, the identification of the cause and effect relationship of delay events of complex construction works, requires an expert who is not only familiar with the software tools but has also experience in delay analysis and is able to clearly determine the accuracy of the produced data. 4D Building Information Models can simulate a high level of project performance, producing great quantities of data. The role of the delay analyst is to identify the relevant facts from the great quantities of data simulated in the 4D model, in order to support his findings of entitlement, causation and resulting damages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of 4D Building Information Modelling in delay and disruption claims and outline the expertise required to perform the forensic schedule analysis.

This paper examines the effective criteria to determine the capable delay analysis methodologies by the contractors for the construction’s claim in Abu Dhabi. The previous research was argued that 50% of the construction projects in UAE encounter delays and are not completed on time. Selecting the delay analysis methodology is a significant part of the claim process. Numerous delay analysis techniques used in the UAE, and constitute several factors. Thus, the selection practice is more significant to identify the delays. Contractor’s analyst consumed exaggerated time and effort to show their right using delay analysis methodologies (DAMs) and submit this as an extension of time claim, demanding to make the most of their benefits. The aim of this study contains exploring the selection of the delay analysis methodologies by the contractors for the construction’s claim in Abu Dhabi. In this regard, five case studies were selected on the basis that they represent examples for application of the delay analysis methods and techniques for the residential building. The respondents were selected from five projects and the interviews were held with the Contractor of each project. The collected Qualitative Data was analysed manually by using Thematic Analysis. The study found that the effective criteria for determining the delay analysis methodologies lie in its acceptance in court and as per contractual requirements. Furthermore, the factors influence the selection of the effective criteria for determining the delay analysis methodologies are the acceptance of the selected delay analysis method /technique, realistic results and accuracy of the delay analysis method /technique. However, the findings from this study become more important, if more studies are conducted to extend the exploring of the different delay analysis methodologies used by the contractors for the construction’s claim for wide range of projects in Abu Dhabi.

Delay analysis and schedule compression are normally treated as separate, independent, aspects of the study of delays and their effects on the completion of construction projects. This paper examines the feasibility of integrating the delay analysis and schedule compression functions into a broad-scoped two-stage process. The main issue is shown to be the kind of delay analysis required for each stage of the process and seven existing techniques are illustrated for use in conjunction with schedule compression. Some necessary modifications to these techniques are identified together with a typology for categorising each technique.

Delays occur commonly in construction projects. Assessing the impact of delay is sometimes a contentiousissue. Several delay analysis methods are available but no one method can be universally used over another inall situations. The selection of the proper analysis method depends upon a variety of factors includinginformation available, time of analysis, capabilities of the methodology, and time, funds and effort allocated to the analysis. This paper presents computerized schedule analysis programmed that use daily windows analysis method as it recognized one of the most credible methods, and it is one of the few techniques much more likely to be accepted by courts than any other method. A simple case study has been implemented to demonstrate the accuracy and usefulness of the proposed delay analysis model. The results of the study indicate that the outcomes of delay analyses are often not predictable that each method may yield different results. The study also revealed that depending on the time and resources available, and the accessibility of project control documentation, one method may be more practical or cost-effective.

Network delay is a crucial metric for evaluating the state of the network. We present in this paper a structural analysis of network delay, based on delay measurements of aback bone network. This delay analysis is performed using a subspace method called Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis reveals that the delay time series can be decomposed into two constituents: a smooth periodic trend and a set of sparse bursts. We call the former the "normal" component and the latter the "abnormal" component. While this structural decomposition is appealing and may be used to further infer other delay information of interest, we find that using PCA in delay analysis has the same challenges as used in traffic analysis. Particularly, it experiences performance degradation due to the so called "perturbation phenomenon".

In this paper, we present an accurate delay estimation algorithm at the register transfer level. We introduce "resource binding" as on important source of false paths in a register transfer level structure. The existence and creation of such paths and their effect in delay analysis are discussed. We also introduce the Propagation Delay Graph (PDG), whose traversal, for delay analysis, is equivalent to the traversal of sensitizable paths in the datapath.

Schedule delays frequently occur in construction projects and bring unexpected consequence. Conducting an elaborate delay analysis and providing early warning are crucial for project performance. In this paper, factors are classified into internal risks and external risks based on the chain effect of schedule delays, and the design structure matrix (DSM) is employed to develop the delay analysis and early warning model. Case study has been performed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model, finally, sensitivity analysis also draws conclusion the internal risks between tasks should be paid more attention than the external in environment.

Construction projects usually suffer from the risk of delayed completion. Consequently, delay analysis is used to evaluate and apportion the effects of delays on the project schedule, and thus liabilities can be assigned. This article introduces available delay analysis methods along with their capabilities and limitations. Also, the article provides a guide for selecting the appropriate delay analysis method. Yet, analysis of schedule delay events may be influenced by some debatable issues, including float ownership, concurrency, pacing delays, and acceleration. This article represents these issues, which reveal that there exists a gap in handling such analysis. Hence, a questionnaire is designed that intends to raise the awareness of practitioners and propose the idea of standardizing the project decisions when facing such issues. After collecting the responses from 394 participants, the results reveal that the contractor should reject to accelerate the work progress until gaining compensation entitlement as a result of employer-caused delays, taking the risk of falling into the misery of liquidated damages. Also, the results illustrate the contractor's entitlements and project decisions when facing such debatable concerns. Different from previous papers, the findings of this article propose a standard way of thinking toward these debatable issues.

The Construction Decision Support System for Delay Analysis [delay analysis system (DAS)] for personal computers is a software program that adds the capability for determining possible causes for project delays and suggests alternative courses of action to prevent further delays. The DAS is not merely another scheduling software system; it is a program that is used with existing project‐management software packages. Development of the DAS program could lead to the evolution of one “metaprogram” to address management issues. The expanded delay analysis system creates a logical‐path form of managing human and material resources in construction, built upon the solid data (foundation) of actual industrial experience and need. This paper discusses industrial participation in the development of the delay analysis system program and describes the purpose and development of the program, its technical parameters, usage, and program output. A sample case study is presented that demonstrates how the program is utilized and the type of output it provides.

A central gateway is a very important node for connecting the buses to pass messages from one bus to the other bus(es) in current in-vehicle networks. However, transmitting message through gateway causes additional delay to the end-toend delay of messages. Existing methods for analysis of gateway processing delay usually employed experimental measurements which are inefficient and cannot obtain a safe delay bound.Meanwhile, the increased complexity of in-vehicle networks require theoretical analysis of gateway processing delay to obtain a safe upper bound delay. In this paper, we first construct a central gateway model with CAN clusters, then we propose a novel response time analysis method with rigorous proof to compute the upper bound delay of gateway tasks. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach can obtain the upper bound delay in reasonable time even for a large-scale network workload, and the calculated upper bound is close to the exact worst case delay.

An approximate analysis of the average delay executing a parallel program is presented. The parallel processing system under consideration is modeled as an acyclic fork-join queuing network. The system model consists of a set of N parallel paths, where individual paths model the delay incurred by each of the tasks spawned by the parent job. Each path may consist of several servers and associated queues. Each server can model either the communication or processing requirement of a task. The delay incurred by a task is the sum of the communication and processing delays along its path. An approximation for the mean value of the job execution delay is presented. The results from the analytical expression are validated against simulation. This analysis may be used to obtain the speedup factor for different communication and processing configurations. The effect of subtask granularity and effects of relative communication and processing times and associated tradeoffs can be studied. >

The performance of an integrated voice-data system using a movable boundary multi-plexing scheme is analyzed. In this scheme, channel time is divided into slots, grouped into equal length frames. A voice call arriving in a slot is served in the next frame, whereas a data packet is served in the next available slot. Voice calls are blocked calls cleared, while data packets may be buffered. Our approach is based on a discrete-time queueing model with periodic interruptions. An exact analysis of the average delay for data packets is given. The bounds of this delay time are also discussed.

Traffic delay is one of the essential aspects taken into consideration in the evaluation of operational performance of intersections. Delays at stop-controlled intersections are estimated using mathematical models that estimate the delays experienced by the minor road vehicles. However, the applicability of the existing mathematical models is subjected to the traffic local conditions. This paper discusses a current research carried out to develop a new model for the estimation of traffic delays experienced by the minor approach vehicles at stop-controlled T-intersections. Data pertaining to the analysis of traffic delays was collected at two stop-controlled intersections using a video camera recording technique. A dimensionless method was applied in the analysis of the data and two mathematical models for the estimation of delay to the right- and also left-turning manoeuvre on the minor approach were proposed. In this case, the comparisons between actual delays and the values predicted using the dimensionless method showed that there was no significant difference between the values. As such, it was suggested that the mathematical dimensionless-based models developed in this study are directly applicable, with a reasonable accuracy, for the analysis of traffic delays at stop-controlled T–intersection.

In a sewage system development project, pipeline construction is the key work owing to pipeline construction shares high cost compared to other works. Furthermore, pipeline construction usually suffers unforeseen site conditions and results in tremendous delays. Identifying potential delay causes is the basis for resolving delay problems before they actually occur. As the budget of sewage systems is increased annually in Taiwan, identifying delay causes and preventing them from occurring are essential for successful sewage system construction projects. Through examining fifteen real cases and validating via a questionnaire survey, this study concluded that moving existed conduits later than planned schedule, unforeseen site conditions and delayed construction planning report approval are the top three significant causes for pipeline construction projects. Identifying the causes is valuable for reference to succeed in future similar projects.