Book Reviews

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between tourism sector development and poverty reduction in India using annual data from 1970 to 2018. The paper attempts to answer the critical question: Is tourism pro-poor in India?Design/methodology/approachStationarity properties of the series are checked by using the ADF unit root test. The paper uses the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration to examine the existence of long-run relationships; error-correction mechanism for the short-run dynamics, and Granger non-causality test to test the direction of causality.FindingsThe cointegration test confirms a long-run relationship between tourism development and poverty reduction for India. The ARDL test results suggest that tourism development and economic growth reduces poverty in both the long run and the short run. Furthermore, inflation had a negative and significant short-run impact on the poverty reduction variable. The causality test confirms that there is a positive and unidirectional causality running from tourism development to poverty reduction confirming that tourism development is pro-poor in India.Research limitations/implicationsThis study implies that poverty in India can be reduced by tourism sector growth and price stability. For a fast-growing economy with respect to economic growth and tourism sector growth, this may have far-reaching implications toward inclusive growth in India.Originality/valueThis paper is the first of its kind to empirically examine the causal relationship between tourism sector development and poverty reduction in India using modern econometric techniques.

The objectives of the study in a nutshell are as follows (1) To analyze the basic concept of SEZ in Indian Economy, (2) To analyze the impact of SEZ on Indian Economy, as a whole. (3) To find the impact of SEZ on Rural India. (4) To find the drawbacks, if there, of implementing SEZ in India. This study aims at examining the impact of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on human development and poverty reduction in India. It identifies three channels through which SEZs address these issues: employment generation, skill formation (human capital development), and technology and knowledge upgradation. the relationship between poverty and employment lies in the extent to which income generated from employment permits workers and their dependants to obtain goods and services necessary to meet minimum needs. Poverty reduction thus calls for the creation of remunerative, regular and good-quality jobs in the labour market. SEZs, if promoted vigorously can therefore act as an initiator in the process of human development and poverty alleviation in India. The role of SEZs in human capital formation appears to be relatively limited. Most SEZ units impart on-the-job training to their workers. Keywords: Special Economic Zone (SEZ), local employment, Land ownership, Economic impacts.

Poverty is an issue of concern in developing countries as it remains the most elusive social evil to derail the economic progress of the country and social status of population. India remains fastest growing economy in the world, however efforts have to be made to improve the standard of living and social wellbeing of people. Agriculture as primary sector benefits the poor sections of the population by providing employment opportunities and play a key role in reducing poverty. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of agriculture growth on poverty reduction by using secondary data and sixteen states of India were purposively selected. An attempt was made to analyse the relationship between poverty, Agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per worker and Non-Agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per worker using pooled regression analysis. The findings of the study shows that, as every one per cent increase in Agriculture GDP per worker found to have reduced poverty by 0.11 per cent as against 0.04 per cent in Non-Agriculture GDP per worker. This shows that increase in Agriculture GDP per worker causes higher poverty reduction as compared to Non- Agriculture GDP per worker. This is true in case of agrarian economy like India as majority of population are dependent on agriculture for their sustenance. However, it suggested that the balanced mutual growth between various sectors of the economy will help to alleviate poverty in the country.

Financial Inclusion in Rural Areas and Poverty Reduction in India

This review is the first in a series of three reports prepared in support of a Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy (K4DD) evidence and policy clinic on public financial management (PFM). The first part of the review addresses the proactive management of fiscal risks, public asset management, and liabilities associated with climate change for PFM. Given the wide range of fiscal risks associated with climate change, which are context dependent and subject to uncertainty, and which may also be compounded or modulated by a country’s natural hazard exposure, economic development and activity, credit rating, debt and access to external financing, among other factors, this chapter is not systematic but is instead intended to serve as an introduction to some of the key discussions in the literature on PFM related to managing climate-related fiscal risks. The second part of the review provides brief overviews of five examples of approaches to managing fiscal risks associated with climate change. The third part of the review deals with how differences in geography, economic development and governance impact how governments approach climate-related fiscal risk management.

The article discusses the modern vision of the potential of culture and cultural heritage and the possibilities of integrating the field of culture and cultural heritage into the overall development of the country. These issues are the most important challenges in the conditions of our country and in today's situation it is far behind the examples of the developed countries of the world. In the advanced economies of the world, the sphere of culture and among them, especially the entrepreneurship based on cultural heritage - the same creative entrepreneurship as the pace of job creation and development. It is not equal to the leading branches of industry in the creation of a common economic state, and in many cases it is a source of new inspiration for development and a creator of content. It is significant that the term used to describe economic processes in the field of culture in the world's powerful economies - cultural entrepreneurship still evokes unclear associations in us, and the underestimation of the potential of the field of culture, the potential of the contribution to the development of the state in relation to this field is completely neglected, and the field itself is still only a subsidized segment. is considered Considering that the greatest resource of our country is culture and cultural heritage, it is necessary to accurately assess the potential of this field and to initiate the most important process for integrating it into the development of the country. Special attention is paid to support for the correct conduct of this process - when cultural heritage is not only a defining value of self-identification, but also a powerful economic factor. Based on a specific example, we will consider what influence the potential of culture and cultural heritage can have on the economic development of a specific city, and under the conditions of sustainable development, of the country and the country.

The project demonstrates the use of modern technologies for preservation and presentation of the cultural and historical heritage. The idea is a database of cultural and historical heritage sites to be created applying threedimensional laser scanning technology and a combination of geodetic and photogrammetric methods and shooting techniques. For the purposes of carrying out this project, we have focused on some heritage sites in the central part of Sofia. We decided to include these particular buildings because of the fact that there is hardly another city in the world where within a radius of 400 m are located four temples of different religions - Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox and Catholic. In the recent years, preservation of cultural heritage has been increasingly linked to objectives of sustainable development. Today, it has become clear that cultural heritage is also an economic resource that should be used for further economic development (through compulsory preservation of its authentic cultural values). There has been a more active public debate on the role of cultural heritage, regarding the following topics: improving the quality of life through development of cultural tourism, leading to an increase of the employment rate, constantly improving the business climate, etc. Cultural heritage preservation is becoming one of the priority objectives of the urban development policy. The focus has been shifted to new ways of preservation, mainly combinations of sophisticated technological solutions and their application for the purposes of preservation and dissemination of the cultural heritage.

This article substantiates the thesis of efficiency of for the development of schoolchildren's creativity. Key concepts of creation and creativity are outlined, their contradictions are labeled. The paper presents an approach towards understanding and development of creativity, the base of which are representations of psycho-semiotics, cultural heritage and existential psychology. It is demonstrated that creativity constitutes a feature of an individual manifested in the implementation of personal significance by means of culture. Both components of creativity are characterized. The article reveals that the development of creativity is associated with semantic dynamics and shaping of signification skills of meaningful expression through the facilities of sign systems. The article provides substantiation for the understanding of educational environment as a system related with culture as a basic system and an individual in terms of homomorphy. Dependence of semantic development of a schoolchild on the kind of structural components of the culture, the values of which are being carried over via educational environment, has been demonstrated. The description of the ontologic structure of culture is given. The article shows the significance of its kernel formation - a reference culture that transmits meanings by means of precedent-setting texts. The role of the reference culture in the processes of creativity development is revealed. Cultural eclecticism, when values of different structural components of the structure are being transmitted in the educational environment is assumed to cause unpredictable developmental effects. The paper reveals the content of enculturation concept and its fundamental importance for the creativity development mechanism. A psycho-semiotic model of educational environment at school dedicated to the development of creativity of schoolchildren is described.

<span>This research aims to be forming the right framework to optimize the management of public assets utilization by DJKN (Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara) using Resourced Based View (RBV). The method used is a case study. The results show that there are many idle assets that haven’t been used, asset that haven’t use optimally for serving (under used), and many assets haven’t been used corresponding with highest and best uses. It means that there are potencial resources and capacities that haven’t maximally used because of many limitations. This condition can cause the losses of opportunity to optimizing the asset utilization either for the job and function of the government or the opportunity loss in getting state revenue from those optimally asset utilization through corporation with the third party. So, public assets management should be done by optimizing resources and capacity which are owned. Here, empowerment of all of resources and capacity that belong to the organization, can be done to support the achievement of the core value which is optimally public assets utilization. That’s why the right framework of the publics asset utilization with RBV approach is hoped to give a solution for the problem that came from management and utilization of capacity and resources that haven’t been run well.</span>

Conflicts of jurisdiction and overlaps between legal entities of public and private law arise when their responsibilities, rights, or obligations intersect, creating legal and administrative ambiguities. In practice, they occur in areas such as the management of public assets, the provision of public utility services, or the exercise of certain authority prerogatives. Hypothetical, a private concessionaire may come into conflict with a public authority regarding the limits of the contract or the interpretation of legislation. Such situations raise the issue of a strict separation between public law competences, based on the general interest, and private law activities, driven by profit. Resolving these conflicts requires a careful interpretation of the rules, as well as efficient mechanisms for cooperation and legislative clarification, to prevent deadlocks and ensure consistency in the application of the law.

In this work, brand activism is defined as a strategy that seeks to influence citizen-consumers by means of campaigns created and sustained by political values. It involves a transformation in corporate communication management and social responsibility practices, which borrows from those of social movements to contribute to the social production of identity of citizen-consumers. This corporate political shift involves the use of messages, slogans and content based on final (of common interest) or instrumental (linked to the industry in which they are applied) political values. Political behaviour does not operate in a vacuum but is the response to a change in values of the young generations employing digital technologies and demanding a different behaviour from global firms. However, these political advertising practices have been heavily criticised in the field of political economy, insofar as it is contended that they are impostures lacking authenticity. Thus, 45 campaigns were analysed to determine the characteristics of brand activism in this new socio-political context. From the results it follows that this activist practice, of Anglo-Saxon origin, is a relevant trend in political communication because it aligns individual identity, the management of public assets and corporate action in the political sphere.

In this book, Cerisola, an economist in a built environment planning department at the Milan Polytechnic, explores the idea that cultural heritage has an indirect positive effect on local socioecon...

Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: VIII. Distribution of Income by Size

 For the past decade, the general public got in touch with the noble causes of collective memory, heritage conservation and cultural heritage extensively. Many incidents such as tore down the Star Ferry Pier Clock Tower and demolition of the Queen’s Pier aroused vigorous social discussions and protests. In fact, it is not easy to understand those jargons and events when the people lack of basic knowledge of conservation and the right attitudes toward our local cultural development. Besides, the official educational department has never been enthusiastic in constructing local history and culture to students both in primary and secondary levels before handover. Regrettably, our present curriculum reforms are still at an indeterminate stage. Without widespread and fundamental background knowledge and cognition, it is very hard to start rational conversation between different stakeholders, even hard to motivate our next generations to participate heritage conservation affairs actively.\n\n\n\n With no doubt, heritage conservation has become a hot and a controversial social topic in recent years. Not only because Hong Kong has regained its identity after return to Mainland China in 1997, but also there emerges a positive attitude towards Hong Kong as our home among most people in the post-transition era. However, the rapid economic and social development, as well as urbanization changes our city’s scenery and characteristics drastically. Our treasured cultural heritage is at risk now. Therefore, “Save Our Heritage, Retain Our Memory” is a fashionable slogan in these years. No one will argue that heritage is an important resource and asset to a society. Because it reflects not only the uniqueness and diversity of our community, but it also helps to sustain and strengthen our sense of place identity and cultural identity.\n\n\n\n Since most primary school students learn about local history (include cultural heritage) and cultural identity in different learning stages, what they obtain are some incomplete and incoherent information. This ridiculous situation of our present Primary School General Studies Curriculum cannot fulfill and satisfy their future study need. In order to fill up the gap and link up the Secondary Liberal Studies syllabus, this dissertation try to construct a school-based learning programme which the author personally believe that through heritage education will definitely provide the student opportunities for a better understanding of their identity and cultural heritage. Thus, the author attempts to design and develop a heritage educational programme for the primary six pupils who are aged from eleven to thirteen. The main purposes of the programme strive to educate target students: \n\n\n\n1. Arouses interest and curiosity in local history\n\n2. Understand the meaning of cultural heritage\n\n3. Distinguish the different between tangible and intangible cultural heritage\n\n4. Appreciate Hong Kong’s cultural heritage resources\n\n5. Perceive the values and significance of cultural heritage in our city\n\n6. Construct the relationship between cultural heritage and our identity\n\n7. Develop the right attitude of better appreciation with cultural heritage\n\n8. Apply relevant knowledge and attitude to contemporary issues\n\n9. Cultivate their critical thinking\n\n\n\n Children in the 21st century have to overcome many challenges. One of the major duties of teachers should provide the students with learning experiences that enable them to construct knowledge and develop life-long learning skills, so that they can contribute to today’s knowledge-based economy and society. The author strongly support the life-wide learning approach because through this learning tactic, students can develop a holistic view of themselves as individuals in the community, their role and responsibility in the society, and the interrelationship among people and the environment. Base on these reasons, the heritage educational programme that described in this dissertation will adopt a thematic approach and appropriate use of community heritage resources to widen the learning scope of our students.\n\n\n\n To educate and motivate our students effectively, the dominant education theory of Constructivism will be use during the teaching period. The advantages of this theory are:\n\n\n\n1. Students will obtain and construct their knowledge actively\n\n2. Students with different learning abilities will find their role and contribution during the learning process\n\n3. Stimulate students’ interest to inquire and explore with hands-on and problem-solving activities to construct knowledge\n\n4. Teachers can use various methods to encourage and motivate students \n\n5. Teachers’ roles range from a transmitter of knowledge to resource person, facilitator and assessor\n\n\n\n Due to our children are primary six students and they are too young to understand the arguments of the contemporary complicated conservation issues, all the teaching materials and examples are learner-focused and suit for the different needs of students. In spite of this programme has not yet been carry out owing to the time limit, the author do believe that this idea could be implemented successfully and this teaching plan could be a good pilot example to inspire other front line teachers to good use our cultural heritage in their lessons.

The preservation of built cultural heritage (PBCH) plays a vital role in fostering economic development by stimulating and revitalizing urban spaces. This study, conducted in the Portuguese cities of Lisbon and Porto, evaluated the impact of PBCH on urban economic growth, emphasizing the roles of cultural legacy and urban revitalization as serial mediators. Employing a cross-sectional, quantitative approach grounded in a hypothetico-deductive methodology, data were collected from 633 tourists aged 18 to 73 years (57.2% female) via a structured questionnaire. The findings demonstrated that PBCH, cultural legacy, and urban revitalization significantly contribute to regional economic development. Moreover, cultural legacy partially mediates the relationship between heritage preservation and urban revitalization, indicating a positive indirect effect. A serial mediation mechanism—where two mediators operate in a specific causal order, linking the independent variable (PBCH) to the dependent variable (economic development) through cultural legacy followed by urban revitalization—was identified. A comparative analysis of the indirect effects highlighted that cultural legacy has a stronger mediating influence than urban revitalization alone, although the combined serial effect proved to be the most substantial. This research underscores the critical role of PBCH as a driver of economic progress, facilitated through its intertwined relationships with cultural heritage and urban renewal, offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in urban development