Breastfeeding After Breast Implant Surgery

Adequate breast milk production is essential for infant growth and development. However, many breastfeeding mothers experience insufficient milk supply. Natural interventions such as consuming soy milk and papaya leaf juice are believed to help increase breast milk production. Soy milk contains isoflavones that mimic estrogen and stimulate lactation, while papaya leaf juice contains saponins, alkaloids, and polyphenols that can enhance prolactin secretion and facilitate milk flow. This study aimed to determine the difference between the effects of soy milk and papaya leaf juice in overcoming low breast milk production among breastfeeding mothers at the Cikeusal Health Center in 2025. This quasi-experimental study involved 100 breastfeeding mothers with low milk production, divided into two groups using purposive sampling: 50 respondents received soy milk and 50 received papaya leaf juice. Each group was evaluated for changes in breast milk volume before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test. The findings showed no significant difference between the two interventions (t = -0.639, p = 0.527). The mean increase in milk production after soy milk consumption was 27.10 ml, while papaya leaf juice increased milk production by 28.20 ml, with a difference of 1.1 ml. These results indicate that both soy milk and papaya leaf juice are effective in improving breast milk production, although their effects are statistically comparable. Both soy milk and papaya leaf juice can serve as alternative natural interventions to increase breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. Health workers are encouraged to promote these natural options as supportive measures for mothers with low milk supply.

Native or Seeded Rangeland for Cows with High or Low Milk Production

The effect of male co-twins on milk and kid production, and productive lifespan of goats during their adult life

Consuming raw milk and milk-based products that have not been produced under strict control conditions can cause brucellosis, a highly contagious zoonotic disease. It is a significant global public health concern, particularly in regions with poor management and limited resources, such as Latin America, North and East Africa, the Middle East, and South and Central Asia. The study aims to summarize the occurrence of human brucellosis linked to milk and milk products and the presence of Brucella species in dairy foods. To achieve this goal, a meta-analysis was conducted on 69 studies ranging from 2001 to 2022, which were categorized into two groups: the incidence of Brucella species in milk and milk products and the prevalence of human brucellosis resulting from the consumption of contaminated milk. The following milk and milk products showed the highest incidence of Brucella species: cow milk (1.86%–81.7%), buffalo milk (10.4%–61.67%), camel milk (0%–24%), goat milk (0%–88.8%), and cheese (0%–39.1%). Consuming unpasteurized milk and milk products has been identified as the leading cause of human brucellosis, with incidence rates varying from 33.9% to 100%. Several human brucellosis cases have been linked to consuming raw milk and cheese in Spain, Israel, and other countries. Various serological techniques are employed to detect Brucella-specific antibodies in milk. The milk ring test (MRT) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) are the two most widely utilized methods for detecting these antibodies in milk. Recently developed dual biosensors are a powerful approach for early diagnosis of Brucella from milk. Real-time PCR can rapidly detect organisms, reducing the risk of lab contamination and false positive results. To prevent and control brucellosis, essential steps include proper pasteurization of milk and dairy products, using the milk ring test (MRT) to detect Brucella in individual and bulk milk, immunization, education, and increasing public awareness of the disease. The consumption of raw milk and milk-made products that are not produced under strictly controlled conditions poses a significant risk to human health, mainly due to the high incidence of Brucella contamination. Therefore, ensuring strict control measures in producing milk and milk-made products is crucial to preventing the spread of this disease and safeguarding human health.

TNF-alpha Concentrations in Serum and Human Milk of Mothers With Insufficient Versus Sufficient Milk Production

The objective of the present study was to assess hair and serum trace element and mineral levels in dairy cows in relation to daily milk yield. A total of 70 healthy 5-6-year-old Simmental cows were divided into two groups (n = 35) with high and low daily milk yield using median as a cut-off value. Hair and serum trace element and mineral content was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. A nearly twofold difference in daily milk yield (43.8 ± 9.7 vs 21.3 ± 7.1 L/day, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with 11% lower hair Cu (p = 0.043) and 35% higher Se levels (p = 0.058) content when compared animals with lower daily milk yield. Serum trace element levels were found to be more tightly associated with milk productivity in dairy cows. Particularly, serum levels of Se and Zn were found to be 73 and 35% higher in cows with higher milk productivity in comparison to animals with lower milk production, respectively. Serum Co levels also tended to increase with higher milk productivity. Serum minerals including Ca, Mg, and P were also found to be higher in highly productive cows by 6%, 14%, and 71%, respectively. The overall regression model based on serum trace element and mineral levels accounted for 38% of daily milk production variability. Generally, improvement of essential trace element and mineral supply, as well as prevention of copper overload in dairy cows, may be considered the potential tool for modulation of milk productivity.

Sward height is strongly related to the daily dry matter intake of grazing dairy cows, which consequently determines animal performance. Despite that, few studies have explored the potential to increase milk production by managing post-grazing sward height. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of three defoliation intensities on a Lolium arundinaceum-based pasture on frequency and length of grazing meals and ruminating bouts, daily grazing and ruminating time, feeding stations and patches exploration, and dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows. The treatments imposed were three different post-grazing sward heights: control (TC), medium (TM), and lax (TL), which were managed with 6, 9, and 12 cm of post-grazing sward heights during autumn and winter, and 9, 12, and 15 cm of post-grazing sward heights during spring, respectively. Thirty-six autumn-calving Holstein cows were grouped by parity (2.6 ± 0.8), body weight (618 ± 48) kg, and body condition score (2.8 ± 0.2) and randomized to the treatments. The pasture was accessed from 08:00 to 14:00 and 17:00 to 03:00 during spring and no supplement was involved during the evaluation period. Daily grazing time averaged 508 ± 15 min and was not affected by treatment. The reduction of post-grazing sward height increased the length of the first grazing session in the morning and the afternoon. The number of grazing sessions was greater on TL than on TM, with no difference in TC. The number of feeding stations (the hypothetical semi-circle in front of an animal from which the bites were taken without moving the front forefeet) visited was less on TC than on TL, and neither of them differed from TM. Dry matter (DM) intake was lesser on TC than on TM and TL (14.7 vs. 17.8 kg DM). Milk production during the evaluation period was 13.1, 16.2, and 18.7 kg/day for TC, TM, and TL, respectively. The milk fat, protein, and lactose content did not differ between treatments. The cows on TC exhibited a lower intake rate, although they were less selective, probably as a consequence of the sward structure of TC treatment. The cows on TM adopted a compensation mechanism which allowed them to achieve the same dry matter intake as cows on TL, but lower milk production. The cows on TL were more selective than TC and TM resulting in higher digestible dry matter intake and consequently higher milk production. The intensity of defoliation impacts on the animal-plant interaction, and constitutes a valuable management tool that can be used to boost forage intake and milk production. The new developments on information technology would allow researchers to link behavioral data with response variables (e.g., milk production, health, welfare, etc.) at different spatio-temporal scales and support short and long-term management decisions.

Breastfeeding is essential, particularly for newborns with severe health issues in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where they frequently have to be separated from their mothers. Breastfeeding in the NICU requires a sufficient supply of breast milk from the mother, and this can be influenced by the mother's psychological condition. This study aimed to examine the correlation of postpartum depression with breast milk feeding prevalence and production in mothers with neonates in the NICU. This cross-sectional quantitative study included 42 mothers and infant dyads in the NICU in Malang, East Java, and was conducted between September and November 2024. The questionnaire of mothers and infants characteristics, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and the breast milk feeding prevalence observational sheet were used for the investigation. The correlation of postpartum depression with breast milk prevalence and breast milk production was measured by the Rank Spearman Test. Breast milk feeding prevalence was 64.3%, partial breast milk feeding was 31%, and formula milk was 4.8%. The proportion of mild and severe postpartum depression was 35.7%, and the rest of them were without depression (28.5%). Postpartum depression was not associated with the prevalence of breast milk feeding (p=0.140), but there was a significant correlation with breast milk production (p=0.04; r= -0.319). We found that greater postpartum depression was associated with lower breast milk production, but there was no correlation with the prevalence of breast milk feeding in the NICU. These findings highlight the importance of sufficient support for mothers with neonates in the NICU to produce enough breast milk supply.

El virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV) pertenece a la familia de los retrovirus y se caracteriza por ser inmunosupresor. Su infección es sistémica y se presenta con mayor frecuencia en ganado lechero. Se obtuvo información productiva a partir de 1021 registros que corresponde a 500 vacas de raza Holstein. Los animales se encontraban distribuidos en 7 municipios del departamento de Antioquia dedicados a la producción de leche. Se analizaron cuatro características productivas: producción de leche (PDN), kilogramos de proteína por lactancia (KGPRO), kilogramos de grasa por lactancia (KGGRA) y puntaje de células somáticas (SCS); estas características fueron asociadas con la infección por el BLV a través de un modelo lineal generalizado. Los resultados indican que, la relación entre la presencia o ausencia del BLV fue significativa (P

A atividade leiteira vem se tornando cada vez mais importante para a economia brasileira, apesar de ainda ser caracterizada como típica de pequenos produtores com baixa produtividade. Devido a esse perfil ocorre pouco investimento na atividade resultando em uma produção leiteira com baixa qualidade, identificada por altas contagens microbianas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma relação entre práticas higiênicas de ordenha e a qualidade microbiológica do leite. Assim, um questionário sobre características de produção, ordenha e cuidados sanitários foi aplicado em 60 propriedades leiteiras localizadas na região de Viçosa, MG - Brasil, das quais foram coletadas amostras de leite para enumeração de aeróbios mesófilos (AM) e psicrotróficos (PSI). A maioria das propriedades foi caracterizada como pequena, com menos que 15 animais em lactação e produção diária menor que 50 L. De forma geral, verificou-se que os produtores adotam várias práticas higiênicas, mais frequentes em propriedades com produção diária superior a 100 L de leite (significativa em relação a pré e pós-dipping e uso do CMT). O reflexo dessas práticas foram as baixas contagens de AM e PSI nas amostras analisadas, com médias menores de forma significativa em propriedades que refrigeram a produção (Tukey, p < 0,05).

Developmental programming of production and reproduction in dairy cows: I. Association of maternal parity with offspring's birth weight, milk yield, reproductive performance and AMH concentration during the first lactation period

Finances and returns for robotic dairies.

The investigation was carried out on 1,629 calving records of 462 Sahiwal cows calved between 1988 and 2013 at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India to study culling pattern as well as the effect of selection on milk production. Average culling and mortality rate per lactation of Sahiwal cows were 23.82 and 4.54%, respectively. The culling was found due to teat and udder problems (32.47%), followed by reproductive problems (22.73%) and low milk production (10.82%) in the herd. Most of the voluntary culling (based on the low milk yield) was observed during second and third lactations. Stage of lactation and milk yield had significant influence on culling during first lactation whereas, period had significant influence on culling during second lactation. Sahiwal cows yielding more than 8 kg of milk/day were less likely to cull and the probability of culling of cows increased after the completion of 360 days of first lactation. Most probable producing ability of per day milk yield [MPPA (PDMY)] was estimated for selected and culled cows. There is an intense need to minimize the involuntary culling of cows by providing better feeding and management so that more of cows can be saved in herd, which will in turn facilitate in increasing selection intensity and selection differential in the herd and ultimately help in faster genetic improvement of Sahiwal cows.

Index of Suspicion in the Nursery

This paper analyses the long-term effects of Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea (NCD) on the first milk production. A total number of 41 dairy heifers, belonging to two commercial dairy farms were admitted to our Clinic for NCD between 2008 and 2015. Survived animals, once returned to their farm, were followed until the end of the first lactation. As a treatment for NCD, we administered fluids and sodium bicarbonate intravenously according to the dehydration score described by Boccardo et al. (2017) and blood-gas analysis results. The quantity of replacement fluid in liters was calculated as: replacement fluid (L)=dehydration (%) x bodyweight (kg). The required amount of sodium bicarbonate was calculated as: sodium bicarbonate (g) = body weight (kg) × base excess (mmol/L) × 0.6 (L/kg) × 0.084 (g/mmol). Calves with a history of anorexia received 5 mg/kg glucose added to the saline solution. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was administered SC at the dose of 10 + 2.5 mg/kg for 5 days to each calf. During lactation, we analyzed: milk production in a 305-day lactation, average fat percentage, average protein percentage, average somatic cell count and interval from birth to first calving.Furthermore, days of hospitalization and severity of diseasewere considered (average calves age = 8,09 days, average body weight = 41,66 kg, average hospitalization = 10,61 days, average duration of treatment = 5,24 days). As a control, we considered non-hospitalized heifers (n.=238) with the same age, from the same herd, without clinical history of NCD. Differences between the NCD group and control group were analyzed with general linear models. No statistic difference between the NCD group and control group was underlined (Table 1). These findings differ from previous literature results. In fact, Aghakeshmiriet al.(2017) found that the NCD increased the first calving age and heifer raising costs; Svensson and Hultgren (2008) showed that animals survived from NCD had a lower milk production. On the other hand, our results are similar to those reported by Warnicket al.(1994;1995), even if in these works no data regarding the type of treatment and severity of clinical sings were considered. This study, while preliminary, suggests that the timely treatment of NCD could prevent irreversible damages and ensure to reach a reproductive and productive standard during the first lactation. However the simple size needs to be increased.