Bridging medical simulation with computer science and engineering: A growing field of study

NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Attracting and Retaining Women in Computer Science and Engineering: Evaluating the Results Abstract Computer science and engineering communities have been exploring a variety of activities and techniques to attract and retain more students, especially women and minorities, to computer science and computer engineering degree programs1. This paper briefly describes the efforts and results of a plan for actively recruiting young women into undergraduate computer engineering and computer science programs hosted by the University of North Texas (UNT). It also describes a series of activities aimed at improving the retention rate of students already in our programs, particularly during the freshman year. Such recruitment and retention efforts are critical to the country’s efforts to increase the number of engineering professionals, and are a priority for the Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Department at UNT. We initially designed a three-part plan to achieve our recruitment and retention goals: • Sponsorship of portable and mobile summer computer engineering robotics camps for middle and high-school women students, coordinating with the regional Girl Scouts councils and other organizations to help with the recruitment; • Creation of an Ambassador program using young women currently enrolled in the upper division of current computer science and computer engineering programs as a form of outreach to area high schools and junior colleges; and • Expansion of our successful undergraduate mentoring program by using the Ambassador cohort mentioned above as mentors for incoming freshman and first-year transfer women entering our programs. This paper will focus primarily on the summer camp program and present an analysis of the results we have seen to date after 2 years of camp activities. Results from student surveys and parent surveys will be presented. The paper concludes with recommended changes and improvements in the program, as well as a discussion of adaptations that would create programs suitable for implementation at other institutions as well as programs aimed at a different target population. The three phases previously enumerated each build upon currently accepted educational practices. The robotics summer camp in particular used problem-based learning approaches, similar to those described in The Power of Problem-Based Learning2. This study clearly demonstrates the significant benefits of teaching students how to think by using a problem-based approach. We also developed a mobile laboratory so that the summer camp can be held at several locations, thus broadening and expanding the reach of the camps to traditionally underserved populations and geographical regions. Similarly, both the ambassador and mentoring programs derive from research showing how the recruitment and retention of women in engineering- related fields can be increased by providing opportunities to develop student-to-student relationships3, 4.

It is with pleasure that the IEEE Computer Society welcomes this opportunity to participate with ACM members concerned with education of computer scientists and computer engineers. It is hoped that this cooperation will continue in the future. Described in this panel presentation will be the results of two years of concentrated development by members of the IEEE Computer Society Education Committee towards cohesive and flexible model curricula for 4-year computer science and engineering programs. This effort was initiated in May 1974, and since has resulted in eight working sessions, has involved 20 active module developers, has called upon nearly 40 outside reviewers, and has sought cooperation with academia, industry, the ACM and the DISE Committee. The first test of the model curricula was held in June 1976 at a IEEE Computer Society Educators Workshop; a test that seemed to be passed as judged by those attending the workshop.Specifically, this panel presentation will introduce the IEEE Computer Society effort, will place the effort in historical perspective, and will describe in detail the need as seen by many educators. It will dwell briefly on past contributions by similar committees, will provide a definition of computer science and engineering and will provide a pictorial outline of the 17 modules that comprise the five subject areas of the proposed curricula. This will be followed with selected examples of possible implementation strategies. The presentation will close with a summary of future work and a short comparison of the IEEE and ACM efforts.

The Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH) as the world's largest and most authori-tative Medical Simulation Education Association, accept the application for certification in 4 fields, includ-ing assessment, research, education and system integration. This paper introduces the core standards that need to be followed in applying for certification, and the respective standards of the above 4 fields. Further-more, in order to promote the development of medical simulation education in China, this paper points out the possible problems that may be faced in the future. Key words: The Society for Simulation in Healthcare; Certification; Standard

This study focuses on gender issues in terms of participation, achievement and duration of studies at the Tertiary level of education in Computer Science and Engineering (CS&E). For this reason, 1957 degrees earned by Computer Engineers were studied. These diplomas cover a 21 year period of graduation at the Computer Engineering and Informatics Department (CEID), University of Patras, Greece. The analysis of the data shows that: a) male graduate students outnumbered the female ones by three to one, b) in terms of achievement, no significant differences exist between male and female graduate computer engineers, and c) female students complete their studies earlier than their male counterparts.

Contributors

As Accessible as a Book on a Library Shelf: The Imperative of Routine Simulation in Modern Health Care

Utah Valley University (UVU) was awarded an NSF Scholarships in STEM (S-STEM) grant in 2014 to strengthen outcomes for students in computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, and electrical engineering through Leadership, Engagement, Academic Mentoring, and Preparation (LEAP). The LEAP project was completed in September 2021. This paper presents the impact of the program on the institution and its computing and engineering programs. Also, it presents the effect of the high-impact practices in this program in retention and completion of computer science and engineering students. High-impact practices reported on include Capstone Courses, Collaborative Projects, First-Year Experiences, Internships, Undergraduate Research, and Writing Intensive Courses.

Introduction/Background Privileging is the process by which an institution grants permission to a provider to perform patient care activities. When a hospital grants privileges, it “explicitly endows a [provider] with the right to perform that procedure within its physical and administrative confines”.2 The use of simulation-based assessment (SBA) allows providers to practice and be assessed on a predetermined set of procedures in a controlled and standardized setting until acceptable performance is reached.23 As privileging programs shift toward competency-based assessment, simulation is being utilized to both gain and maintain privileges.25 However, the scope of existing privileging programs that utilize SBA and exactly how SBA is incorporated remains unclear. The objective of this study was to survey simulation centers regarding existing and planned privileging programs that incorporate SBA. Methods Ninety two simulation centers were included in the survey. For feasibility, only simulation centers that were accredited by either the American College of Surgeons (ACS) or from the Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSiH) were included. The survey took approximately 20-30 minutes to complete and was addressed to directors of simulation centers. Survey data was collected from March through April 2013. Results Twenty seven simulation centers responded (29%). The majority of centers were associated with public hospitals (62%); 33% of centers were associated with private hospitals. All were associated with teaching hospitals. A majority of centers had approximately 5,000-10,000 square feet. Regarding the number of full time employees (FTE’s), this ranged widely from 1 – 52. Nineteen procedures were included in the survey; these were determined based on a review of the literature.33 The procedures that were most often selected as having existing SBA privileging programs included central venous catheterization, sedation, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. The procedures that were most often selected for SBA privileging programs in development included GI endoscopy and bronchoscopy procedures. All of the nineteen procedures surveyed had at least one center with either a current or future SBA program in development. Additional procedures centers reported SBA privileging programs included vein graft harvesting and airway management. Reasons for beginning such programs included desire to develop standards, risk management, patient safety, response or cost reduction related to adverse events, targeting of procedures that occur less frequently and cost reduction related to training. The majority of centers required all providers who performed the given procedure to participate in the program (57%). Centers collaborated with human resources (17%), risk management/legal (33%), quality improvement/quality assurance (42%), medical staff office (58%), continuing medical education (42%), and patient safety (25%). A majority of centers utilized their programs for initial privileging of new providers (57%). Top barriers included institutional political support, provider resistance to participate, litigation from providers (i.e. provider sues hospital if denied privileges), and simulation center staffing and equipment. Methods to develop content for SBA privileging programs included internal expert opinion (69%), literature review (54%), and multi-department (46%) or interprofessional (38%) committees. One center reported that they worked with a credentialing committee; no other Methods of choosing criteria were reported. Methods of delivering the SBA privileging program included testing performance on simulation models (77%) and the use of performance-based checklists (62%). None of the centers reported a method for assessing procedural competency. Conclusion It is clear from the Results that simulation centers are developing SBA privileging programs. However, the process is fragmented as centers are developing programs as single institutions. Further research, publication and guidance is needed so that simulation centers can learn from each other regarding best practices when delivering SBA privileging programs.

The Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) Program in the Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Engineering at Shepherd (grant number: DUE - 1259713) has been funded by NSF since June 2013. The overall goal of the program is to increase the number of STEM graduates by providing financial, academic, and social supports, which enables qualified students to overcome certain barriers that prevent them from meeting their educational and career goals. In fall 2015, 64 applications were received; the selection committee interviewed qualified applicants and selected 16 new awardees. In this poster, major activities for supported students are presented. Survey and report results from the last academic year, along with initiatives that increase, retain, and support students in STEM fields such as Computer Information Science, Computer Information Technology, Computer Engineering, and Mathematics, are discussed.

Introduction/Background The National League for Nursing (NLN) Simulation Leaders Development Program is composed of twenty nurse educators from around the world who work together to develop and promote nursing leadership in healthcare simulation. Initially meeting and forming a working group at the NLN Leadership Conference in January 2013, six members shared an interest in expanding their simulation centers to healthcare facilities. The development of practice partners was targeted as a way to initiate and improve collaboration between academic simulation centers and health care facilities. The simulation leaders practice partners group spans the country from California to South Carolina, providing a unique opportunity to share information regarding healthcare cultures and simulation resources. Methods The decision to set up and work within a wiki allowed for a collaborative review of the available literature. Working through the wiki, emails and conference calls the six nurse educators identified and addressed issues important to developing collaborative practices for healthcare simulation. Hospital representatives from different sites were interviewed by members of the project and identified some common needs for simulation integration. These included orientation, annual competency training (including JCAHO, OSHA standards), investigative, basic and advanced skills and certifications. Potential cost and resource sharing were identified as issues to be determined at the local level. The need for a practical and eas- to-use tool was identified as important in the first step of reaching out to practice partners such as hospitals, medical centers and long term care facilities. Categories were determined for identification of potential simulation activities for the facility, along with the appropriate personnel. Subsequent review of the tool with an appointed mentor through group conference calls allowed for clarification and expansion of descriptive categories. Additionally, an executive summary was developed to provide information on the potential of simulation for busy hospital administrators. The Simulation Opportunity Tool (SOT) facilitates discussion with potential practice partners. The SOT is utilized during face-to-face meetings to discover possible simulation opportunities within the facility. This process provides a clear direction while allowing for brainstorming in the identification of issues specific to the targeted healthcare facility. Results: Conclusion The members of the NLN SimLead Practice Partners group piloted the SOT in facilities across the country. Feedback was received from potential practice partners using a separate feedback instrument. Feedback indicates the clinical educators, administrators and other facility personnel felt the SOT was effective in identifying opportunities for simulation in many areas. Needed revisions for the tool include clarification of terms, expansion of participant categories and increased ease of use. Disclosures None.

Faculty development in medical simulation is a growing need, given the increased use of simulation-based learning in healthcare. Training of trainers is demanding and resource-consuming; therefore, there is a need for accessible, practical, and resource-saving solutions enabling efficient faculty development. For that purpose, we investigated whether a massive open online course (MOOC) could meet these challenges. This manuscript presents a MOOC, its pedagogical strategies, and its impacts on faculty development. The University of Liège Medical Simulation Center developed a MOOC with five learning units focused on the foundations of simulation training. Each unit ends with a set of theoretical and practical exercises. Our results showed knowledge and skills acquisition (objective exercise score data) among participants with a success rate of 67%, as well as high levels of engagement and confidence in learning (self-reported data). We demonstrate that a MOOC for faculty development in healthcare simulation is effective, has the potential to be an accessibility enabler, and offers an additional tool for trainer training. We recommend designing it with various asynchronous online modalities and multiplying social interactions with peers and trainers to favor trainees’ engagement and subsequent learning. Further perspectives should study blended learning strategies in faculty development and define the optimum ratio between face to face and online synchronous and asynchronous modalities.Graphical Characteristics and advantages of MOOCs as an asynchronous online teaching tool for faculty development in healthcare simulation.

Guest Editorial

Many students choose majors because of joining friends, because of the popularity of majors and other reasons even though the chosen majors are not in accordance with their talents. This research is expected to provide solutions to students regarding the majors they will choose. If this problem can be overcome then it will greatly affect both students and schools, the impact on students will be increased enthusiasm and enthusiasm for learning, for schools the impact will be the development of every department there is because the output produced is competent students because of the knowledge delivered right on target. This research is expected to minimize the mistakes in the selection or determination of student majors by applying the SAW method, can determine what variables determine the accuracy of the majors separation by applying the SAW method. The data tested on this system is the data of Bengkulu 1 Vocational School students as many as 100 student data on the Computer and Information Engineering skills program. he data that is processed in this system is the data of Bengkulu 1 Vocational School students as many as 204 student data on the Computer Engineering and Information Technology expertise program. The method of decision making in the system is the Simple Additive Weighting method. The results of testing this method from 204 test data performed for an accuracy of 94,61%. The high accuracy obtained from testing the data so that this system is very suitable to be used to determine the majors of students of SMKN 1 Kota Bengkulu in the field of Computer and Information Engineering expertise.

This book, titled “Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives in Electronics and Computer Engineering” is a comprehensive guide to the latest advancements and trends in computer science and engineering.

“What is computer engineering? What is the difference between computer engineering and computer science? What is the difference between electrical engineering and computer engineering? Why study computer engineering? What computer engineering programs are available in the U.S.? What opportunities are there after graduation? How much does a computer engineer get paid?”