Bridging the Experience Gap - How do we migrate Skills and Knowledge between the Generations?

17 - Dynamic IGCC system simulator

Industrial robots of different kinematic structures and functionality are widely used nowadays in different areas of industry and most of them function autonomously with a pre-programmed set of actions or typical trajectories. Some special purpose mobile and stationary robots are human-controlled and in most cases require qualified operator skills. This article describes general approaches and practical aspects of the operator training and qualification system for arm-based special purpose manipulators. The set of training system functions include: general manipulator control (basic motion) and grasping actions, manipulator operations in restricted working areas, operator actions using virtual reality helms and multi-monitor visualization, etc. The hardware and software architecture of training system should allow for an effective training process and teamwork of trainee and instructor to reach good results. The paper proposes a ROS-based software part of the training system with a description of inter-process communication messages, data formats, integration with a database and the following analysis of trainee action.

Design and implementation of a real-time training environment for protective relay

Dynamic load change operation education in air separation processes using a multivariable and nonlinear model

This research is based on a systematic review of machine learning (ML) approaches for the cognitive load (CL) assessment of applications for unmanned aerial system (UAS) operator training. The review synthesises evidence on how ML techniques have been applied to assess CL using diverse data sources, including physiological signals (e.g., EEG, HRV), behavioural measures (e.g., eye-tracking), and performance indicators. It highlights the effectiveness of models such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Random Forests (RFs), and advanced deep learning (DL) architectures such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), as well as how the use of different methods affects the performance of ML models, with studies reporting accuracies of up to 98%. The findings also indicate that, compared with traditional UAS training approaches, ML approaches can enhance training by providing adaptive assessment, with methodological factors such as model selection, data preprocessing, and validation being central to ML assessment performance. These findings highlight the value of accurate CL assessment as a foundation for adaptive training systems, supporting enhanced UAS operator performance and operational safety. By consolidating the methodological insights and identifying research gaps, this review provides valuable background information for advancing ML-based CL assessment and its integration into adaptive UAS operator training systems to enhance UAS operator training.

Nowadays Industrial robots of different kinematic structures and functionality are widely used nowadays in different areas of industry and most of them function autonomously with preprogrammed set of actions or typical trajectories. Some special purposes mobile and stationary robots are human-controlled and in most cases require qualified operator skills. For example, in nuclear industry the mechanical and electro-mechanical “master arm – slave arm” manipulators are widely used. Modern approaches of control systems and human machine interfaces designs allow to eliminate direct copy of kinematic configuration of manipulator arms, add semi-automatic and automated control modes. Key feature of such manipulator systems is a presence of human in control loop, by reason of variety and complexity of manipulations and, in some cases, non-deterministic environment. Due to these factors, it is very desirable to form operator sustainable skills to control such manipulators, including learning process using training systems. This article describes general approaches and practical aspects of the operator training and qualification system for arm-based special purpose manipulators. The set of training system functions include: general manipulator control (basic motion) and grasping actions, manipulator operations in restricted working areas, operator actions using virtual reality helms and multi-monitor visualization, etc. The hardware and software architecture of training system should allow effective training process and teamwork of trainee and instructor to reach good results. The paper proposes ROS-based software part of training system with description of inter-process communication messages, data formats, integration with database and following analysis of trainee action.

– The purpose of this study was to explore trends and changes in technical vocational education and training (TVET) in emerging economies as a national human resource development (NHRD) approach and its practical applications using Ghana as an example. , – A case study approach was used to develop an in-depth analysis of TVET practices in Ghana. The study utilizes a targeted review of literature, analysis of government documents and interviews with key informants as illustrative sources of evidence for developing the case study. , – TVET has been identified as a major contributor to skills development in Ghana. Capitalizing on the potential of TVET requires addressing the challenges of increasing employer participation in TVET, improving TVET curriculum to enhance student ' s employability and reflect labor market needs. Additionally, informal TVET plays a major role in skills development therefore it is recognized as part of the TVET planning process. , – Data for this research were gathered from key informant interviews and archival records. Additional methods such as observations would further enhance this study. Further research of trends in Ghana to validate implications drawn from this research is recommended. , – This research provides an overview for HRD professionals to understand the potential of TVET as an approach to human capital development within emerging markets. This is because developing comprehensive plans that address national and employer needs regarding talent acquisition, development and retention will re-emerge as a critical objective for TVET system as nations compete in the global market place. , – This study provides a unique perspective of current TVET practices in Ghana and its implications for human resource development (HRD). Furthermore, it adds to the small but growing literature on HRD in Ghana and in the African context.

ePHASORsim tool offers real-time dynamic simulations for transmission and distribution power systems. Applications such as contingency studies, testing control devices, operator training, and SCADA system tests are examples for employing this tool. This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of the ePHASORsim and its development. The accuracy of the tool has been evaluated in comparison to other commercial, but non-real-time, simulation packages for both transmission and distribution systems. Its real-time performance has been tested with a time-step of 10ms on a real-time simulator for large-scale power systems in the order of 20000 buses, 5000 generators, and over 9000 control devices.

A plant operator performance evaluation system to analyze plant operation records during accident training and to identify and classify operator errors has been developed for the purpose of supporting realization of a training and education system for plant operators. A knowledge engineering technique was applied to evaluation of operator behavior by both event-based and symptom-based procedures, in various situations including event transition due to multiple failures or operational errors The system classifies the identified errors as to their single and double types based on Swain's error classification and the error levels reflecting Rasmussen's cognitive level, and it also evaluates the effect of errors on plant state and then classifies error influence, using “knowledge for phenomena and operations”, as represented by frames. It has additional functions for analysis of error statistics and knowledge acquisition support of “knowledge for operations”. The system was applied to a training analysis for a scram event in a BWR plant, and its error analysis function was confirmed to be effective by operational experts.

European educators are increasingly co-operating in order to organize a system of education and training for an uncertain future. We foresee: 1. Broad, basic vocational education in which language (mother tongue and foreign) and mathematics are fundamental. That is, the separation between general and vocational education from our point of view is becoming obsolete. 2. An involvement of the social partners in formulating the vocational education aims and content; social dialogue and co-determination remain crucial for the acceptance of reforms. 3. The principle of learning by doing will be preferred to learning by listening, because knowing about must be joined by being-able-to-do. 4. The integration of low achievers into the work force through vocational education and training in companies and schools; government must pay for this. 5. The specification of equivalence between vocational education qualifications and general education certificates, thus opening up what is now a dead end in vocational training to build a bridge to higher education.

The Swiss Vocational Education and Training System: What Can Spain Learn from Switzerland?

Two factors that are critical aspects of complex system performance are system design and operator training. The contribution of each of these factors becomes paramount as increases in system complexity demand more sophisticated operator timesharing skills to monitor and control system operations safely and efficiently. In order to increase human operator skill levels, improvements in system design must be achieved to make aspects of monitoring and controlling tasks more commensurate with human abilities. Secondly, more effective and efficient training programs must be developed to allow human operators to acquire and maintain appropriate skill levels. Before these improvements can be accomplished, however, a greater understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the human information processing system must be obtained. In a typical modern system (e.g., aircraft cockpit, centralized control room of a power plant or battle management system) the human may perform many tasks concurrently, including visual search, memory search, retention and recall, comprehension, reasoning, judgement and decision making, and executing fine motor movements. Although some combinations of these kinds of tasks may be compatible and non-interfering, other task combinations may interfere and compete for the human's limited information processing capacity, creating overload conditions. The consequence of the human operator's low threshold for overload leads to increased probability of error, with subsequent deteriorations in system performance. There are two theoretical approaches to human attention and information processing that have implications for system design and operator training issues in the context of timesharing and high workload situations. Multiple resource theory and automatic/controlled processing theory have each stimulated much empirical work that provided useful data on human timesharing abilities. Such data have provided the basis for predicting task combinations and training requirements that allow high levels of performance under timesharing and high workload situations. The purpose of this symposium is to describe recent empirical developments that may further our understanding of human information processing capabilities and limitations, particularly under timesharing and high workload conditions. The set of papers includes theoretical and applied treatments of multiple resource and automaticity theories. The issues discussed include the advantages and disadvantages of spreading information input over different sensory modalities (e.g., visual and auditory), development of training methods to acquire sophisticated high level cognitive skills quickly and efficiently, measurement of information processing capacity required by specific task combinations, and a delineation of the characteristics and limitations of working memory.

There is a need to provide more directed power system operation training than that provided by on-the-job experience. The experiences of New York Power Pool have shown the dispatcher training simulator to be an effective tool in the training of power system operators and dispatchers, particularly in areas such as voltage control, stability, and system restoration. The authors share some thoughts and experiences gained in the area of operator training using a simulator. Detailed descriptions are provided regarding the simulator capabilities, training objectives, and training environment. In addition, a case study is presented which proved the value of the simulator as an operator training tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Straipsnyje analizuojamas profesijos mokytojų požiūris į svarbiausių veiklos sričių, teikiamų profesijos mokytojo standarte (asmenybinio ugdymosi, mokymo modulio planavimo, mokymo ir tobulinimo, profesinio rengimo programos projektavimo, mokyklos ir švietimo sistemos plėtojimo), kompetencijas trimis atžvilgiais: a) bendru jų svarbumo pripažinimu, b) asmeniniu santykiu, reiškiamu noru jas tobulinti, ir c) kvalifikacijos kėlimo sistemos teikiamos pagalbos įvertinimu. Aptariami veiksniai, darantys poveikį tokiam požiūriui.

The situated approach to situation awareness (SA) claims that system operators often offload information instead of constructing detailed, stable and internal representations of dynamic situations. Offloading, which can be more or less deliberate, is the attenuation of internal processes in favor of augmenting external ones. Operators do this to minimise costly internal processing and storage. This paper uses empirical evidence and phenomenological analysis to argue that situated SA presupposes a motor intentional core. This core refers to embodied skills whose function is to present states of the system as being a certain way. They include, for example, the skillful eye scan patterns of experts and various epistemic actions that involve manipulating objects in the physical world to make information available to other cognitive processes. Through these motor intentional skills, offloaded information can be accessed on an as-needed basis. We discuss metrics for assessing the motor intentional core, as well as implications for interface design and the training of system operators, arguing that many motor intentional skills can be taught directly.