Brief Digital Interventions for Psychological Distress

The aim of this study is to examine psychological distress and its individual symptoms between adults with and without disabilities, and among adults with disabilities, to examine whether an association exists between severity of distress and health-related factors. Cross-sectional data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used for this study. Severity of psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6 scale of nonspecific psychological distress. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate predicted marginals and prevalence ratios. Nine percent of adults had mild to moderate psychological distress and 3.9% had serious psychological distress. The adjusted mean Kessler 6 total scores and individual item scores were higher for adults with disabilities, as was the average number of days that a mental health condition interfered with activities in the past 30 days. Among adults with disabilities, mild to moderate and serious psychological distress were particularly high among those who were unemployed or unable to work. Those who had either mild to moderate or serious psychological distress were significantly more likely than those with no psychological distress to be physically inactive, to smoke, and to report fair or poor health, life dissatisfaction, and inadequate social support. A dose-response relationship exists between categorical severity of psychological distress and examined health-related factors. These findings may inform the design of targeted public health strategies that aim to eliminate health disparities between people with and without disabilities.

Psychological distress in later life and incident dementia: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study

Background: Sleep plays essential role in restoring both cognitive and physical performance, up to now its particular impact within military populations remains unknown. Military cadets often go through demanding schedules and high-stress environments that can compromise both sleep quality and duration. Research has shown that insufficient or poor-quality sleep is associated with declined physical performance, affecting endurance, strength, and coordination. Yet, Maximum existing studies have focused on the general population, offering little awareness into the unique challenges faced by cadets. The strict nature of military training may increase the bad effects of sleep deprivation. Understanding the connection between sleep and performance in this context is crucial for improving training outcomes and decreasing the risk of injury. This study pursues to assess how variations in sleep quality and duration influence physical performance among military cadets. The results could notify the development of targeted strategies to magnify sleep hygiene and overall readiness in military training programs. Objective: Assess the impact of sleep quality and duration on physical performance in military cadets, inspect how inequality in sleep patterns affect physical fitness levels and overall performance. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving military cadets to Inspect the Connection between sleep and physical performance. A total of 169 military cadets were included in the study as the sample size. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Sleep Hygiene Index to assess their sleep quality and duration. Physical activity levels were judged using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 29 to Find out the Connection between sleep variables and physical performance effects. The data was analyzed by using statistical technique chi square test. Result: The results of the study demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between sleep patterns and physical performance among cadets. The correlation analysis revealed that poor sleep hygiene and quality—measured using SHI and PSQI—were positively linked with decreased physical activity levels measured via IPAQ. The highest correlation was noted between stress before bed and poor sleep hygiene (73.3%), and between trouble staying awake and poor sleep quality (58%). A chi-square test confirmed these relationships were statistically significant, as p-values for all hypotheses were less than 0.05, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This indicates a meaningful association between sleep quality, duration, and physical performance. The strongest associations were observed in the age group 21–23 years, non-smokers, and unmarried cadets, with the majority showing poor sleep quality and high physical activity. The findings emphasize the need to improve sleep hygiene to enhance physical performance among military cadets. Conclusion: This study comes to the conclusion that military cadets' physical performance is adversely affected by both inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality. Reduced strength, endurance, reaction time, and recuperation—all essential components of military training and preparedness—were linked to sleep deprivation. The results highlight how crucial it is to incorporate regulated sleep schedules, environmental changes, and instruction about good sleep hygiene into military training programs. Specific sleep-related interventions may improve mental and physical function while lowering the risk of damage. To guarantee peak performance and operational efficacy in military environments, sleep should be seen as an essential part of cadet health, in addition to physical training and a healthy diet.

Introduction Studies have shown that women may have an increased sleep duration need compared to men. Additionally, college life presents additional stressors and challenges that impact sleep duration and quality, and mental health in college students. The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep, mental health, and gender factors in college students. Methods Participants included 361 (male=62) full-time undergraduate students (mean age=19.93, SD=2.49 years). Participants completed an online survey that consisted of a series of questionnaires that examined demographics, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), fatigue (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, MAF), sleep hygiene (Sleep Hygiene Index, SHI), and sleep quality and duration (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI). Results Preliminary data comparison tests were conducted. There were no gender differences in sleep duration (Mfemale=7.057, Mmale=6.93; p=.477), but women demonstrated worse sleep quality (Mfemale=6.80 vs Mmale=5.72; p=.020), more stress symptoms (Mfemale=19.73 vs Mmale=16.49, p=.037), greater sleepiness (Mfemale=6.86 vs Mmale=5.52; p=.032), and greater fatigue (Mfemale=24.02 vs Mmale=18.77; p=.048) compared to men. There were no differences in depression or anxiety symptoms. Women also demonstrated poorer sleep hygiene habits than men (Mfemale=21.77 vs Mmale=19.37, p=.019). Conclusion Preliminary results showed that female college students obtained about the same sleep duration as men, however, their increased sleepiness, fatigue, and stress symptoms indicated that they experienced a more negative impact compared to men. It is unclear if the negative experiences were a result of worse sleep hygiene practices, greater perceived stress, or other factors. However, it is likely that women generally have a greater sleep need compared to men and simply increasing sleep duration is not the solution. Further, women may need to increase both quantity and quality of sleep to experience better mental and physical health. This study was limited by observational data collection, and further study is warranted to determine causal relationships. Additional work is being conducted at other institutions in the Southeast to determine if these trends are generalizable to other colleges. Support (if any) None.

Background: Sleep plays a critical role in physical health, mental well-being and academic performance, especially among young adults. Physical activity is known to influence sleep outcomes, but the nature of this relationship in medical students remains underexplored. Therefore this study aimed to assess the relationship between physical activity levels, sleep quality and sleep hygiene among physiotherapy students. .Material and Methods: The study was observational in nature involved 73 physiotherapy students aged 18–27 years from University College of physiotherapy were included in the study as per selection criteria. After obtaining informed consent, the students were categorized into Physically Inactive (n=20), Minimally active (n=28) and Very Active (n=25) based on their physical activity levels by using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Then the students were assessed for Sleep quality by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Sleep Hygiene by Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) scores among the Inactive, Minimally Active and Very Active groups (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis using the Tukey HSD method indicated that the Very Active Group had significantly better PSQI and SHI scores compared to the Inactive Group, while the difference between minimally and Very Active groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study concluded that physically active students had significantly better sleep quality and sleep hygiene compared to those who did not engage in physical activity. Promoting an active lifestyle may serve as an effective strategy to enhance sleep and overall well-being among student populations.

Objective: Investigate the sleep hygiene and quality of emerging adults with a CMC compared to healthy peers as well as potential predictors of sleep quality. Participants: College students with and without a CMC (n = 137 per group; aged 18–23 years) at a Midwestern university. Methods: Participants reported on anxious and depressive symptoms, sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and illness uncertainty. Results: College students with a CMC reported poorer sleep quality (Adolescent Sleep Quality Scale-Revised) and hygiene (Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale-Revised) than the non-CMC group. The indirect effect of internalizing symptoms on sleep quality via cognitive-emotional arousal was only significant in the CMC. Illness uncertainty demonstrated a significant indirect effect on sleep quality though the consecutive influence of internalizing symptoms and cognitive-emotional arousal. Conclusions: Emerging adults with CMCs may experience poorer sleep outcomes than peers. Illness uncertainty, internalizing symptoms, and cognitive-emotional arousal appear relevant to sleep outcomes, suggesting clinical implications for these constructs.

Spillover effect of psychological distress from distressed to non-distressed spouse: A cohort study for midlife married couples in Japan

To investigate the impact of college students' evening exercise on their sleep quality, so as to provide a scientific basis for college students to choose an appropriate method of exercise and improve their sleep quality. From September to October in 2012, Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the 5997 college students in Anhui province. The status of college students' exercise and their sleep quality were investigated by the general situation questionnaire, Physical activity rating scale-3(PARS-3), Rating of perceived exertion(RPE) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the impact of evening exercise on sleep quality and multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the factors of sleep quality in evening excise students. The median of PSQI total score among 5806 college students was 5 and 1030(17.7%) students had poor sleep quality. The median of the PSQI scores was the same (5 points) for evening exercise group, daytime exercise group,daytime and evening exercise group and non-exercise group (1406, 1514, 1244, 1642 respectively). The difference was not statistically significant (χ(2) = 2.80, P = 0.42). Compared to non-exercise population, the OR (95%CI) value of evening exercise' impact on sleep quality was 0.90(0.73-1.10). Compared to very light evening exercise, the OR (95%CI) value of moderate and large amount of evening exercise' impact on sleep quality was 0.58 (0.44-0.75) and 0.67 (0.48-0.93) respectively; Compared to other sports, the OR (95%CI) value of badminton, rope skipping and jogging' impact on sleep quality was 0.72 (0.55-0.93), 0.38 (0.21-0.70) and 0.76 (0.60-0.95) respectively and they were all protective factors of sleep quality. Compared to small exercise intensity, the OR (95%CI) value of moderate, vigorous and very vigorous exercise intensity' impact on sleep quality was 1.68 (1.13-2.52), 2.38 (1.48-3.83) and 3.18 (1.72-5.90) respectively and they were harmful factors of sleep quality. There was no impact of evening exercise on sleep quality for college students. Type of sports should be adequately chosen for evening exercise. College students can take moderate and large amount of evening exercise but should avoid activities of vigorous intensity.

The Association Between Food Insecurity and Psychological Distress Among Graduate Health Professions Students

Objective: Hand washing and sleep hygiene are two important health behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to identify the motivational and volitional antecedents of college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors based on an integrated model of behavior that combined social-cognition constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Methods: Using a prospective design, college students (N = 1106) completed a survey assessing the motivational constructs of action self-efficacy, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene at Time 1. Demographic variables were also collected. One month later, at Time 2, college students (N = 524) self-reported on their volitional factors of maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, coping planning, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene. A further 2 months later, at Time 3, college students (N = 297) were asked to self-report on their hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors over the past month. Findings: Data were analyzed using variance-based structural equation modelling. Results showed significant direct effects of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on intentions; significant direct effects of action self-efficacy on maintenance self-efficacy; and significant direct effects of maintenance self-efficacy on action planning and coping planning. Significant direct effects of intention on action planning (sleep hygiene only), and significant direct effects of intention, maintenance self-efficacy (hand washing only), action and coping planning on behavior were also observed. Action planning also moderated the intention–behavior relationship, but only for hand washing. There were also significant total indirect effects of action self-efficacy on behavior mediated by maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, and coping planning for both behaviors, and significant total indirect effects of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on behavior mediated by intention for sleep hygiene. When past behavior was included in the integrated model predicting all the psychological variables and behavior, all of the structural relations were attenuated. Discussion: Current findings indicate that college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors are a function of both motivational and volitional factors. Findings also indicate that the TPB and HAPA pathways might differ for the two health behaviors. Implications of the current findings for future health interventions aimed at improving college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene are discussed.

How patients' mental health is associated with their satisfaction with physicians is rarely studied among adults with skin conditions. To examine the association between mental health comorbidities in patients with psoriasis and their satisfaction with physicians. This retrospective survey analysis used 14 years of nationally representative longitudinal data on adults in the United States with psoriasis from the 2004-2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Statistical analysis was performed from October 1, 2018, to December 1, 2019. Mental health comorbidities were measured by performance on the Kessler 6-Item Psychological Distress Scale (score range, 0-24, where a score ≥13 is considered an indicator of a serious mental illness and significant psychological distress) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (score range, 0-6, where a score ≥3 is considered a positive screening result for a depressive disorder). Patient satisfaction with physician, measured by the patient-physician communication composite score. A weighted total of 8 876 767 US adults with psoriasis (unweighted total, 652 patients) (weighted; 54% women; mean [SEM] age, 52.1 [0.7] years) were analyzed; 27% of adults had moderate or severe symptoms of psychological distress, and 21% had moderate or severe symptoms of depression. Patients with moderate or severe psychological distress symptoms were less satisfied with their clinicians compared with those with no or mild psychological distress symptoms (mean Kessler 6-Item Psychological Distress Scale scores for no or mild symptoms, 14.3 [95% CI, 14.2-14.4]; moderate symptoms, 13.2 [95% CI, 13.0-13.4]; and severe symptoms, 13.1 [95% CI, 12.5-13.7]; P < .001). In addition, compared with patients with no or mild psychological distress symptoms, patients with moderate psychological distress symptoms were 2.8 times more likely to report low patient satisfaction (adjusted odds ratio, 2.8 [95% CI, 1.5-4.9]; P = .001), and patients with severe psychological distress symptoms were 2.3 times more likely to report low patient satisfaction (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.1-4.7]; P = .03). Furthermore, patients with moderate or severe depression symptoms were less satisfied with their clinicians compared with those with no or mild depression symptoms (mean Patient Health Questionnaire 2 scores for no or mild symptoms, 14.3 [95% CI, 14.2-14.4]; moderate symptoms, 13.2 [95% CI, 12.9-13.6]; and severe symptoms, 13.0 [95% CI, 12.6-13.4]; P = .002). In addition, compared with patients with no or mild depression symptoms, patients with moderate depression symptoms were 4.6 times more likely to report low patient satisfaction (adjusted odds ratio, 4.6 [95% CI, 2.1-10.0]; P < .001). This study suggests that patients with greater psychological distress and depression report lower satisfaction with their clinicians than those without such mental health symptoms. Clinicians need to be adaptable and supportive when communicating with patients with mental health comorbidities. Evaluating clinician performance solely based on patient satisfaction can be problematic and incomplete.

Previous studies have suggested that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are risk factors for psychological distress, whereas physical activity (PA) and sufficient sleep are protective factors. However, research on whether PA and sleep duration can moderate the risk of psychological distress in individuals with ACEs exposure is less established. We hypothesised that elevated ACEs are associated with higher levels of psychological distress, and that the presence of PA and longer sleep duration weakens this relationship. A total of 5,297 college students from Anhui Province, China, completed a standard questionnaire on the details of seven types of ACEs, PA, sleep duration, and psychological distress. Analysis was conducted to determine whether the relationships between ACEs and psychological distress were moderated by PA and sleep duration. The analyses showed that ACEs were significantly positively associated with psychological distress (r = 0.508, P < 0.001), while PA (r = −0.061, P < 0.001) and sleep duration (r = −0.084, P < 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with it. Further analyses revealed that PA (β = −0.021, P < 0.05) and sleep duration (β = −0.023, P < 0.05) significantly moderated the association of ACEs on psychological distress. Future research should focus on developing appropriate PA and sufficient sleep duration to mitigate the effects of history ACEs on psychological distress in college students.

Association between sleep hygiene awareness and practice with sleep quality among Kuwait University students

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of short video addiction on college students' sleep quality and to elucidate the mechanism underlying this relationship. Thus, we examined the correlation between short video addiction and sleep quality and analyzed the roles of physical activity and procrastination. The Short Video Addiction Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, and Physical Activity Rating Scale were administered to 337 college students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Pearson's correlation analysis and mediation analysis using the bootstrapping test were performed for the standard method bias test. (1) Overall, 25.2% of college students had problems with sleep quality (indicated by a PSQI score ≥ 8). (2) Short video addiction score is positively correlated with college students' sleep quality score; procrastination score was positively associated with both short video addiction score and sleep quality score, and physical activity score was negatively associated with them. (3) Short video addiction significantly positive predicted sleep quality (β = 0.458, P < 0.001), a significant negative predictive effect on physical exercise (β = -0.183, P < 0.001), and a significant positive effect on procrastination behavior (β = 0.246, P < 0.001). After physical exercise and procrastination behavior were entered into the regression equation, short video addiction and procrastination were significantly positive predictors of sleep quality, and physical activity was significantly negative predictor of sleep quality. (4) After accounting for the variables of age, gender, and grade, physical activity and procrastination behaviors independently mediated the association between short-video addiction and sleep quality. Physical activity and procrastination behavior acted as chain mediators in the association between short video addiction and sleep quality, with a chain mediation effect percentage of 1.04%. Short video addiction directly affects college students' sleep quality, indirectly through physical activity and procrastination behavior.

Poor sleep quality has become one of the most pressing public issues among Chinese college students, with an increasing incidence rate in recent years. Although some studies showed that anxiety is related to sleep quality, the relationship between time anxiety (which is a more concrete manifestation of anxiety in the temporal dimension) and sleep quality, as well as its potential mechanisms, still requires further investigation and analysis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between time anxiety and sleep quality among college students, and to examine the mediating role of irrational procrastination and the moderating effect of physical activity. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,137 participants recruited from four universities in eastern, western, and central China. They completed a questionnaire survey on time anxiety, irrational procrastination, physical activity, and sleep quality. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.3. Time anxiety had a significant positive impact on sleep quality (β = 0.28, t = 9.95, p < 0.001). Irrational procrastination played a mediating role between time anxiety and college students' sleep quality, the effect value was 0.05, and the intermediary effect accounted for 19.26%. Physical activity moderated the direct effect of time anxiety on college students' sleep quality (β = -0.08, t = -2.98, p < 0.01), and moderated the second half path of irrational procrastination mediation model (β = -0.06, t = -2.12, p < 0.05). Higher levels of time anxiety are associated with poorer sleep quality among college students. Time anxiety not only directly affects college students' sleep quality, but also indirectly affects it through irrational procrastination. Conducting physical activities can mitigate the impact of time anxiety and irrational procrastination on college students' sleep quality.