Broadside L-shaped wire array

Faster data throughput and low latency are the main development agenda in modern communication system. In addition to higher modulation rate, mm Wave also can achieve high data throughput, low latency and significance of results. In this paper, Ultra Wide Band Dual polarized Antenna is designed for post 5th Generation Wireless communications that can support n257 (25.6GHZ-29.5GHz), n258 (24.25GHZ-27.5GHz), n260(37GHz-40GHz) and n261 (27.5GHz-28.35GHz). Ultra wideband is limited to have higher antenna gain, however, antenna array design can improve antenna gain and radiation pattern, one dual feed antenna can provide two antenna radiation patterns,Antenna gain degradation by the tolerance of material can be improved by high power laser beam. The antenna covers 24.24 GHż29.5 GHz and 37 GHz~40 GHz and has a broad bandwidth both in low and high band frequency. The peak gain of high band frequency is 5.5dB and the peak gain of low band is 5.1 dB. The dimension of the antenna element can achieve as small size as of 10 mm x 10mm x1.844mm, and the size is suitable for mm Wave repeater application and mobile phone with mm Wave function.

This paper discusses the comparative effect of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures on two element Microstrip antenna array. The dielectric substrate used is FR-4 glass epoxy with dielectric constant 4.2 and loss tangent 0.0245. The conventional antenna array is resonating at a frequency of 5.53 GHz with a mutual coupling of -17.83 dB. The first proposed antenna array with square slot EBG structure in the ground plane and fractal patch EBG structure on the surface produces a mutual coupling of -50.21 dB and a gain of 8.78 dB at 5.53 GHz. The second proposed antenna array with star slot EBG structure in the ground plane and diamond patch EBG structure on the surface produces a mutual coupling of -51.63 dB and a gain of 7.20 dB at 5.53 GHz. Both the proposed antenna arrays are producing appreciable decrease in back lobe radiation. The antenna arrays are designed using Mentor Graphics IE3D software and measured are obtained using vector network analyzer.

The ability of the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate radiation patterns, input impedance, and gain for a monopole antenna on a conducting box is demonstrated. Results are given for the bare box and with the box coated with a dielectric layer. Radiation patterns are compared with measurements and with the method of moments for the bare box. Radiation patterns for the dielectric-covered box and all impedance and gain results are compared with measurements only. Good agreement is obtained in all cases. The FDTD approach includes a dielectric covering quite easily, while this would be quite difficult for a method of moments approach. The FDTD method requires similar computer time as the method of moments for a single-frequency result, but produces wide-bandwidth impedance and gain results with much less computer time. >

This paper proposes EM mechanism to improve the isolation between transmitting and receiving array antennas using metamaterial EM band gap (MTM-EBG). The proposed mechanism can be applied to full-duplex array antenna system with very closely spaced arrays (0.33λ 0 ) with no degradation in radiation pattern. Using the proposed technique the isolation is shown to improve by >30 dB in an antenna array consisting of three-element microstrip patches designed to operate across 9.7 to 12.3 GHz. Parametric analysis was used to optimise the decoupling arrays performances. The proposed antenna array has physical dimensions of 65×22.5×1.6 mm3 and an electrical size of 2.16λ 0 ×0.75λ 0 ×0.053λ 0 , where λ 0 is free space-wavelength at mid-band of 10 GHz.

PurposeThis paper aims to present the design of a compact vertically polarized four-element UWB antenna suitable for MIMO communications.Design/methodology/approachThe unit cell antenna is constructed using a square ring radiator excited through a stepped impedance feed. The proposed antenna covers the Ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum ranging from 2.2 to 12.3 GHz. The isolation between the unit cell antennas in the array is enhanced using a simple microstrip line resonator. The decoupling element is connected to the ground through a via.FindingsThe proposed scheme offers at least 16 dB improvement in the port-to-port coupling. Furthermore, the four-element antenna array is constructed using a specific interlocking scheme. The proposed antenna array’s Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) performance metrics are analyzed.Originality/valueBy suitably selecting the excitation port, directional radiation patterns can be realized. The combined radiation pattern covers 360 degrees. A prototype antenna array is fabricated, and the simulation results are verified using real-time experiments. The proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for shark fin housing in automotive communications.

This communication presents a 60-GHz wideband circularly polarized (CP) U-slot patch antenna array of 4 × 4 elements on low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC). A CP U-slot patch antenna is used as the array element to enhance the impedance bandwidth and a stripline sequential rotation feeding scheme is applied to achieve wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. Meanwhile, a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to stripline transition is designed for probe station measurement. The fabricated antenna array has a dimension of 14 ×16 × 1.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The simulated and measured impedance bandwidths, AR bandwidths, and radiation patterns are investigated and compared. Measured results show that the proposed antenna array has a wide impedance bandwidth from 50.5 GHz to 67 GHz for |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | <; -10 dB, and a wide AR bandwidth from 54 GHz to 65.5 GHz for AR <; 3 dB. In addition, it exhibits a peak gain of 16 dBi and a beam-shaped pattern with 3-dB beam width of 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> . Moreover, its AR keeps below 3 dB within the 3-dB beam width.

In this paper, a new conception of high gain antenna have been staged. High gain antenna is designed by increasing the number of main radiating patch in a linear antenna array and studying the radiation patterns for the single patch antenna and array of 5 elements, 9 elements and 16 elements in order to attain a high directive gain for ISM Band. For many applications a high gain and directive antenna is required. The antenna is made up from rectangular planar element located above the Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) dielectric substrate. The ground plane is positioned along the bottom side of the substrate. The overall dimension of radiating patch is 40 mm × 120 mm. The simulated radiation pattern shows the improvement in directivity of planar monopole antenna. The antenna design in term of antenna structure, far field radiation pattern, VSWR and bandwidth are at acceptable level. IE3D method of moments based simulation software is used for design and analysis are presented in this paper.

In this paper, a novel cylindrical antenna array of a miniaturized structure is introduced for multi input multi output systems. The antenna array is consistent of four omega-shaped monopoles folded on a flexible cylindrical substrate of Kodak photo papers. The cylinder height is fixed to λo/4.5 with a diameter of λo/3.5, where λo is the free space wavelength at 2.25 GHz, with a separation distance between monopole elements of λo/29. The maximum mutual coupling between the monopoles elements over the frequency range from 2 to 3 GHz is found about −30 dB at the resonant frequency. Such coupling reduction is achieved by mounting conformal Spit Ring Resonators between the monopoles and backed by an electromagnetic band gap structure. An Ink-jet deposition process is used to print the array structure with sliver nano-particles on the substrate. Experimentally, S 11 spectrum is measured as well as the radiation patterns on both E- and H-plans at 2.25 GHz. It is found, the proposed array exhibits a gain of 2.5 dBi with broad side radiation patterns. An excellent agreement is achieved between the measured and simulated results.

This work proposes a Yagi-Uda array with fan-like driver for millimeter-wave application. The proposed antenna array is built on a low-cost and low-loss multilayer organic substrate for flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) package. The package size is 16 × 8 × 0.44 mm3. The proposed four-element antenna array results in a peak gain of 12 – 14.5 dBi at operating frequency band. The proposed antenna achieves both broadband and high gain characteristics for millimeter-wave application. The proposed antenna array is also used to develop a low-cost 60-GHz switched-beam antenna array with butler matrix network. This work provides a cost-effective approach to implement a switched-beam antenna array for fifth-generation mobile communications (5G), IEEE 802.11ad, such as smart phone, laptops, and wireless router.

A high isolation, high gain and compact patch antenna arrays that operates in 11.4–11.78 GHz by using fractal defected ground structure (Fractal-DGS) is designed. Performance of the antenna arrays, such as isolation and radiation, are simulated and compared with conventional patch antenna array without Fractal-DGS. As is presented in this paper, the mutual coupling is −33dB at working frequency, it reduces 13dB compared with the traditional antenna array. And the radiation direction is better than conventional antennas too. Higher isolation and stable directional radiation pattern make this antenna array a better choice for millimeter wave communication system.

The corner-reflector antenna for electromagnetic radiation has been studied theoretically by J. B. Kraus [Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs. 28, 513 (1940)] and experimentally by E. F. Harris [Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs. 41, 645 (1953)], as well as others. However, little use has been made of analogous reflector for beam pattern formation with sonar transducers. The simple image theory of the corner reflector is reviewed in the light of applications to the acoustic case. Theoretical results for reflected impedance, forward gain, and radiation pattern are in good agreement with experimental results. In order to obtain a narrow-beam, high intensity underwater-sound projector, a corner reflector has been constructed, tested, and used. The transducer element consists of a line of BaT:O cylinders located in the bisectional plane of a 90° corner reflector. Impedance, gain and pattern have been investigated as a function of the distance in wavelengths of the transducer element from the line of intersection of the two reflecting surfaces. To date, only the 90° reflector has been examined. As a means for acoustic-pattern formation, the corner reflector is of simpler construction than the cylindrical parabola and offers the advantage that the beam pattern can be readily changed by altering the reflector position and angle.

The probe-fed hemispherical dielectric-resonator antenna (DRA) with a concentric conductor is studied theoretically in this paper. Using the mode-matching method, the exact Green's functions for evaluation of the input impedance and radiation patterns are found, with the functions presented in computationally efficient forms. The moment method is used to determine the probe current and, hence, the input impedance as well as the radiation patterns. The results are verified by special cases available in the literature. In this paper, the effects of the conductor radius, dielectric constant, probe length, and probe displacement on the input impedance are investigated. The theory is very general and, by taking appropriate limits, can be used to study the solid DRA and the conductor-loaded wire antenna. To aid the DRA design engineer, the TE/sub 111/-mode characteristic equation of the DRA is also studied, from which the simple formulas for the resonant frequency and Q-factor are obtained.

Design for radiation broadside direction using half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna array

A typical 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system must combine a high number of antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to realize spatial multiplexing capability. In this paper, a wideband 16- element indoor base station (BS) antenna array that can cover 3.3–6.0 GHz is proposed for 5G applications. A π-shaped monopole antenna is designed to cover the Lower band (LTE bands 42/43–N77–N78), the intermediate band (N79), and the higher band (LTE 46). The antenna elements are arranged in a limited space printed on a substrate take the Hexakaidecagon Polygon shape. As the antenna elements are arranged with good isolation, achieving good polarization diversity. The proposed BS array is simulated, fabricated, and tested. The typical results, S-parameters, antenna efficiency, and radiation patterns are investigated. Moreover, to validate the MIMO performances, a very low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.02, high antenna efficiency of about 82–93.2% are achieved. The calculated ergodic channel capacity of the 16 × 16 MIMO system reached up to 85 bps/Hz. The proposed antenna array was compared to some other 5G MIMO indoor base station antennas.

A single-layer 8×8 microstrip patch antenna array based on differential-feed used for wireless communications is proposed in the paper. In order to realize simple feed network and compact array structure, eccentric feed is adopted in single element. Because differential-feed is employed in this array, the undesired radiation caused by eccentric feed could be cancelled out in the far field which makes a better symmetry of radiation pattern in the E-plane and lower cross-polarization level in the H-plane can be achieved. The simulated cross-polarization level is more than −60dB lower than the co-polarization which is much better than that of normally fed 8×8 patch array. The proposed antenna array has a more symmetric and stable radiation patterns with a maximum available gain of 25.62 dBi across the operating band from 14.4 to 15.7 GHz.