Building Leadership Capacity in Elementary Students through Interactive Game-Based Learning in the Kampus Mengajar Program

Implementation of Multimedia-assisted Collaborative Game-Based Learning to Improve Competitive Spirit and Problem Solving Ability in Literacy Learning for Elementary Students. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of collaborative game-based learning assisted by multimedia in improving the competitive spirit and problem solving skills of literacy learning for elementary school students. Methods: A quantitative research approach was used, with an experimental research design. The specific design was a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research subjects consisted of 30 grade 4-6 students from an elementary school in Surabaya. Data were collected through pre- and post-test assessments to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Findings: The findings revealed that the implementation of multimedia-assisted collaborative game-based learning had a significant positive effect on students' competitive spirit and problem-solving abilities. By integrating game elements with team-based collaboration, this approach enhanced students' literacy skills while fostering critical, creative, and analytical thinking. The collaborative nature of the games allowed students to engage in healthy competition, which not only boosted their motivation but also improved their teamwork and communication skills. Additionally, students developed negotiation skills and learned how to work cooperatively to achieve common goals, which are vital social competencies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the implementation of multimedia-assisted collaborative game-based learning proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing students' competitive spirit, problem-solving skills, and literacy development. The approach, by combining game elements with collaborative efforts, effectively promoted critical thinking and enhanced social skills, making it a promising educational tool for elementary school students. This study suggests that game-based learning, supported by multimedia, can be an engaging and effective method to improve both cognitive and social outcomes in literacy education. Keywords: collaborative learning, game-based learning, literacy learning, competitive spirit, problem solving skills.

One of the problems faced by elementary school students is the difficulty of mastering the subject matter being taught. Efforts to increase mastery of the material were carried out by teachers, among others, by applying various varied learning models. The Problem Based Learning model is a learning model that is able to hone students' critical thinking. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the Problem Based Learning model on science learning content on the critical thinking abilities. This study uses a quantitative approach to the experimental method. This research was conducted at elementary students using grade V as the research target for treatment by the Problem Based Learning learning model. The data analysis used was the t-test for sample correlation ratio data with the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs test analysis. The problem-based learning model to improve the critical thinking skills of science grade V elementary school students has a positive and significant effect. The results of this study conclude that hypothesis 1 (h1) is accepted. This shows that the Problem Based Learning model influences students' critical thinking ability, where students' critical thinking ability increase after being applied to a given subject.

AimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had a significant psychological impact on children and adolescents, increasing depression, anxiety, and suicide‐related behaviors. In Japan, suicide remained the leading cause of death among individuals aged 10–19 years, with rates rising after the pandemic onset. However, few studies have examined these changes in psychiatric outpatient settings. We aimed to determine whether the prevalence of suicide‐related behaviors and associated psychiatric symptoms—depression and anxiety—differed pre‐ and post‐pandemic among elementary and junior high school students attending psychiatric outpatient clinics.MethodsIn this retrospective case–control study, we analyzed registry data from a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic in Japan. Patients were classified into pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 groups based on the visit date (cutoff: March 2, 2020). Clinical characteristics were assessed at the initial visit through interviews and standardized rating scales: Depression Self‐Rating Scale for Children, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale‐IV. Group differences were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2022, 2878 patients were included. The prevalence of suicide‐related behaviors increased post‐pandemic, from 3.0% to 6.9% among elementary school students and from 15.5% to 21.2% among junior high school students. In the post‐COVID‐19 group, elementary students more often exhibited antisocial behaviors and hyperactivity/conduct disorder diagnoses. Junior high students more often exhibited anxiety symptoms, particularly social anxiety, panic, and trauma‐related fear.ConclusionSuicide‐related behaviors significantly increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic, with distinct clinical characteristics observed across age groups.

최근 환경, 건강, 배려의 지속가능한 식생활로 교육 패러다임 전환이 이루어지고 있는 가운데 학생 스스로 자신의 식생활역량을 진단하고 지속가능한 식생활을 실천할 수 있도록 교육할 필요가 있으나, 아직 지속가능한 식생활역량을 검사할 수 있는 진단도구는 부재한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 선행연구 분석, 전문가 자문, 예비조사를 거쳐 유아･초등학교 저학년생, 초등학교 고학년생 그리고 청소년 대상의 지속가능한 식생활역량 진단도구를 개발하였고, 현장 적용을 통해 대상별 식생활역량 실태를 파악하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘지속가능한 식생활역량 진단도구’ 3종을 개발하였다. 이 진단도구는 2018년도에 개발된 ‘지속가능한 식생활교육 내용 체계’에 근거하여 환경, 건강, 배려 영역별로 진단항목을 설정하였으며, 유아･초등 저학년용 10개 문항, 초등 고학년용 15개 문항, 청소년용 20개 문항으로 구성하였다. 둘째, 개발된 진단도구의 현장 적용 결과에 따라 유형별 분류기준을 개발하였다. 영역별 점수를 기준으로, 환경, 건강, 배려의 영역별로 75% 이상 점수를 획득하였을 경우 각각 ‘환경친화형’, ‘건강한 식생활형’, ‘배려형’으로 분류하였다. 총점 기준으로는 ‘지속가능한 식생활 우수 실천형’, ‘지속가능한 식생활 실천형’, ‘식생활 개선형’의 3단계로 분류하였다. 셋째, 개발된 진단도구를 서울 지역 초, 중, 고등학생 1,255명을 대상으로 시범 적용 평가 결과, 전반적으로 청소년 집단이 초등학생 집단보다 지속가능한 식생활역량이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 학교급이 올라갈수록 ‘지속가능한 식생활 우수 실천형’이 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 지속가능한 식생활역량 진단도구는 지속가능한 식생활교육 플랫폼인 ‘식생활교실’에 탑재되어 초등학생과 청소년들이 온라인상에서 스스로 지속가능한 식생활역량을 진단하고 지속가능한 식생활을 실천하는 데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.Along with the paradigm shift toward sustainable food education focusing on environment, health and consideration, it is necessary to educate students to diagnose their food competency and practice sustainable diet. However, there are no evaluation tools developed so far. Therefore, three kinds of Sustainable Food Competency Evaluation Tool (SFCET) were developed for lower elementary students, upper elementary students as well as for adolescents in this study by the analysis of previous studies, advices from experts in food education, and preliminary test for these student groups. The main results of this study were as follows: First, three kinds of SFCET were developed based on the sustainable food education content system suggested by Kim et al.(2018). SFCETs for lower elementary students, upper elementary students and adolescents consist of 10, 15, 20 questions, respectively, including the areas of environment, health and consideration. Second, classification criteria for each group were developed according to the results of pilot application of the developed evaluation tools. The evaluation criteria by area were classified as ‘eco-friendly type’, ‘healthy diet type’ and ‘considerate type’, respectively, if the scores of 75% or more were achieved in each area of environment, health and consideration. The total score was divided into three stages: ‘excellent practice of sustainable diet type’, ‘sustainable diet practice type’ and ‘dietary improvement type’. Third, when the developed evaluation tools were applied to 1,255 elementary, middle and high school students in Seoul, the results showed that the overall adolescent group showed a lower sustainable food competency than the elementary student groups, and the higher the school level, the lower the ratio of ‘excellent practice of sustainable diet type’. The SFCETs developed in this study were uploaded on the sustainable food education platform ‘Food Classroom’ and could be utilized to help elementary school students and adolescents evaluate their own sustainable food competency and practice sustainable diets in their lives.

Well-designed game-based learning can provide students with an innovative environment that may enhance students' motivation and engagement in learning and thus improve their learning performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among elementary school students' flow experience and learning performances. We also investigated the gender and grade differences as well as the types of potential clusters of flow experiences and performance. Thirty-four elementary school students participated in this study. This study conducted correction analysis, difference analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis. The findings suggested that the students with higher flow experiences tended to have higher learning performances. The results of gender differences showed that female students had high performance scores and great flow experiences in the mini-educational game in this study. Moreover, the results revealed that the students of higher grade had significantly higher scores in both performance and flow experience than the students of lower grade. The result of cluster analysis fell into three categories: low performance/low flow experience students, high flow experience students and high performance/high flow experience students. On the basis of our findings, we also proposed suggestions for future game-based learning research.

The study explored the elementary school student’s perception of improvement in the English language. The research was quantitative. The main objective is to investigate what techniques students use to improve their English. Moreover, find the difference of opinion between males and females regarding English improvement. Moreover, find the differences of opinion among public and private elementary school students. The study's population was elementary school students in Lahore, selected by a convenient sampling method. The study sample was 300 male and female elementary school students from Lahore. The researcher uses a self-developed questionnaire for students. For data collection, a questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was adapted to explore secondary school students' perception of improvement in the English language. The tool consisted of a six-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was divided into two parts; the 1st part consisted of demographic variables (gender, types of schools, and age). Data were analyzed through SPSS by applying descriptive frequency distribution, one-way ANOVA, and t-test. Based on data analysis, it was found that a significant percentage of students engage in various self-directed English learning activities, such as reviewing their work (29.3%), seeking opportunities to use English outside of class (22.8%), and practicing pronunciation through reading aloud (26.7%). Additionally, many students use strategies such as looking up words in dictionaries (24.4%) and paying attention to errors when writing or speaking (26.4%) to improve their language skills. Moreover, there was no significant difference between secondary students categorized on a gender basis and also not found a significant difference between students of private and public schools. However, significance was found between different groups of ages

It is important for students to have critical thinking skills, but data regarding the critical thinking skills of elementary school students are still lacking. The purpose of the study was to analyze elementary clarification skills on critical thinking skills of elementary school students in learning science. This research is based on grade level and teaching method. This research is a survey research on 226 fourth to sixth grade students from seven elementary schools. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used descriptive quantitative analysis and multiple linear regression test. The results showed that elementary school students were able to apply elementary clarification critical thinking skills in science learning, but students' ability to focus on a problem still needed to be improved. Based on the grade of the students, it is known that the critical thinking skills of elementary clarification students in higher grades get better grades. The conclusion that the learning model had an effect on critical thinking skills in elementary clarification. The learning method to train critical thinking (problem-based) is able to improve students' critical thinking skills.

The lack of nutrient was happened because of the low of quality and quantity of nutrient supply, and because of infection also. Nutrient supply like vitamin A, Fe, and Zn are the components which influence someone's nutrient status. The citizen of outskirts city usually identify by poverty. Vitamin A has a role in the mobilization of Fe reserve in human body to synthesize the hemoglobin. Fe and Zn which were given together can absorb well if Fe doses was not more than Zn. The research to new students of elementary school's nutrient status in NTT Province in general, and in Kupang particularly was rare until now. To know nutrient status of new students of elementary school basically is important to keep up with the development of students' study process as long as their education period in elementary school. To know the relationship of Zn, Fe, and vitamin A supply to the new students of elementary school's nutrient status in outskirts of Kupang city, NTT Province. This is a quantity of research with observational design cross-sectional. The research will be done in Kupang City in 2 months. The populations of this research are 3993 students of class one at the elementary school (this populations counted according to the number of class one data on 2013, in Kupang City. It means that all of the elementary students in Kupang City were not included in this account). Minimum sample which was needed in this research were 98 students. To anticipate the drop out students, then needed to add 10%, so the number of sample which was needed in this research are 108 students. To take 108 students was used random sampling technique. The criteria of the sample are: the new elementary school students (not repeat students) on the time of measuring didn't in sick condition and had not physic difference (hadn't hunchbacked). Fe supply has a relationship to nutrient status (IMT/U) with p-value less than 0, 05 (p=0,019), Zn supply also point out the relationship to nutrient status (IMT/U) with p-value 0,038, and vitamin A has a relationship to new students of elementary school's nutrient status with p-value 0, 005. There is a relationship between Fe supply with nutrient status (IMT/U), there is a relationship between Zn supply with nutrient status (IMT/U), there is a relationship between vitamin A supply with nutrient status (IMT/U). to the next researcher, besides measuring Fe supply, pay attention also macronutrient. Education organizer (school) need to pay attention to student's nutrient problem, because the students who have nutrient problem tend to have problems on their ability to accept subject matter in class.

Interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) begins as early as elementary and middle school. As youth enter adolescence, they begin to shape their personal identities and start making decisions about who they are and could be in the future. Students form their career aspirations and interests related to STEM in elementary school, long before they choose STEM coursework in high school or college. Much of the literature examines either science or STEM identity and career aspirations without separating out individual sub-disciplines. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a survey instrument to specifically measure engineering identity and career aspirations in adolescents and preadolescents. When possible, we utilized existing measures of STEM identity and career aspirations, adapting them when necessary to the elementary school level and to fit the engineering context. The instrument was developed within the context of a multi-year, NSF-funded research project examining the dynamics between undergraduate outreach providers and elementary students to understand the impact of the program on students’ engineering identity and career aspirations. Three phases of survey development were conducted that involved 492 elementary students from diverse communities in the United States. Three sets of items were developed and/or adapted throughout the four phases. The first set of items assessed Engineering Identity. Recent research suggests that identity consists of three components: recognition, interest, and performance/competence. Items assessing each of these constructs were included in the survey. The second and third sets of items reflected Career Interests and Aspirations. Because elementary and middle school students often have a limited or nascent awareness of what engineers do or misconceptions about what a job in science or engineering entails, it is problematic to measure their engineering identity or career aspirations by directly asking them whether they want to be a scientist/engineer or by using a checklist of broad career categories. Therefore, similar to other researchers, the second set of items assessed the types of activities that students are interested in doing as part of a future career, including both non-STEM and STEM (general and engineering-specific) activities. These items were created by the research team or adapted from activity lists used in existing research. The third set of items drew from career counseling measures relying on Holland’s Career Codes. We adapted the format of these instruments by asking students to choose the activity they liked the most from a list of six activities that reflected each of the codes rather than responding to their interest about each activity. Preliminary findings for each set of items will be discussed. Results from the survey contribute to our understanding of engineering identities and career aspirations in preadolescent and adolescent youth. However, our instrument has the potential for broader application in non-engineering STEM environments (e.g., computer science) with minor wording changes to reflect the relevant science subject area. More research is needed in determining its usefulness in this capacity.

<em>PhET Interactive Simulations were initially developed for science learning but have recently gained attention in mathematics education due to their potential to enhance students’ problem-solving skills. This research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing relevant literature on the use of PhET media to improve mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students..</em> <em>PhET media is known as an interactive simulation tool initially developed for science learning, but its use in mathematics education has begun to gain attention.</em><em> This research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing relevant literature on the use of PhET media to improve mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students. The study employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, systematically collecting, reviewing, and analyzing various relevant literature on the use of PhET media in enhancing mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students. PhET media is known as an interactive simulation tool initially developed for science learning, but its use in mathematics education has begun to gain attention. This research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing relevant literature on the use of PhET media to improve mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students. The inclusion criteria consist of journal articles published between 2014 and 2024, focusing on the topic of PhET media and mathematical problem-solving skills in elementary school contexts, and accessible through databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, and Scopus. The exclusion criteria include articles published before 2014, studies unrelated to mathematics learning or PhET media, and sources that are not peer-reviewed journal articles.The review results indicate that PhET media can increase students' active participation, help visualize abstract mathematical concepts, and encourage the application of more flexible and exploratory problem-solving strategies. The effectiveness of PhET also increases when combined with problem-based or inquiry-based learning approaches. These findings have positive implications for teachers and curriculum developers, suggesting the integration of interactive digital media into the mathematics learning process in elementary schools.</em>

Technological advancement has reduced writing skills due to dependence on the internet, AI, and ChatGPT. This study aims to examine the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and learning motivation on elementary students’ writing skills. This study uses a quantitative research method using a quasi-experimental design. The population of this study was all 165 sixth-grade elementary school students. The sample selection in this study used a non-probability sampling technique with a sample size of 37 students. The data collection method used questionnaires and tests. The instruments used in this study were learning motivation questionnaires and tests. The technique used to analyze the data was inferential statistics. The results of this study indicate that the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model has a significant effect on elementary school students' writing skills. The experimental group outperformed the control group in explanatory writing skills (p = 0.004 < 0.05). Highly motivated students in the experimental class achieved higher scores than those in the control class. Learning motivation also had a significant effect on writing skills (p = 0.029 < 0.05). It is concluded that PBL and learning motivation improve students’ writing skills.

<p>Snack food is a type of snack that is very popular with school children and is difficult to separate. School children usually buy snacks without considering their nutritional content. Excessive children's preference for snacks can have a negative impact such as decreased appetite and cause various kinds of diseases due to less hygienic food. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of health education on snack foods on the preferences (preferences) of snack foods on elementary students at Jagir Elementary School 1/393 Surabaya. Pre-Experimental research design with one group pre-post test design approach. The number of samples is 70 students consisting of grades 4, 5 and 6. Sampling using probability sampling with stratified random sampling technique and using a questionnaire as a measuring instrument. Data were analyzed using Paired T-Test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study using Paired T-Test obtained a value of ρ = 0,000 with a significance level of α = 0.05 means ρ <α, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which means that there is an influence of health education on snack foods on snack food preferences elementary school students at SDN Jagir 1/393 Surabaya. The conclusion of this study is that health education has an effect on elementary students on the preference of snack foods. Suggestions, for the school to be taken into consideration in increasing students' knowledge in choosing healthy, safe and nutritious snacks.</p>

Many elementary school students today bring its own problems with the dissolution of cooperative and opinion appreciation character. Especially at this era of implementation character based 2013 curriculum. Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution to overcome it. After going through a series of studies, then selected solution in the form of development strategy of coorperative and opinion appreciation character for elementary school students. This research has done in the research development approach. So it will produce the product of learning video as reference material for teacher. In this research the researcher appoints students of elementary school program as model teacher. The results showed that the implementation of social science learning application of coperative script strategy, all strategy steps have been done and have an impact on the development of the character of cooperation and opinion apprecdiation of the students especialy in social science learning. Thus it can be concluded that the development of social science through cooperative script strategy effective and efficient to reestablish the character of cooperation and opinion appreciation on self elementary students.

Students' literacy skills in Indonesia remain a critical concern in education. The lack of reading interest, particularly among elementary school students, necessitates the integration of technology as an innovative solution in learning. This study aims to explore the impact of Chromebook and Let's Read application on students' reading interest through picture stories. A qualitative approach using a case study method was employed, involving 30 students from two elementary schools as research subjects. The results indicated a positive trend in students' engagement and enthusiasm, along with significant improvements in concentration and focus during learning activities. Teacher reports confirmed that the use of Chromebook and Let's Read significantly enhanced students' motivation to read and explore picture stories. However, the study also identified challenges such as technical issues and curriculum adjustments. Despite these obstacles, the integration of technology in education demonstrated promising outcomes in increasing students' reading interest and literacy skills. This research concludes that the use of Chromebook and Let's Read application can create a more engaging and effective learning environment, fostering active student participation in reading activities. The findings emphasize the importance of leveraging technology in elementary education to cultivate sustainable reading habits and improve literacy outcomes.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between academic self-efficacy and mathematical problem-solving among elementary school students in Cirebon, Indonesia. With the increasing recognition of psychological factors in 21st-century education, especially in primary education, there is a need for empirical validation to understand how self-efficacy operates at this developmental stage. A quantitative correlational approach was utilized, involving 50 students from five public elementary schools, chosen through purposive sampling. Data collection involved validated mathematical problem-solving assessments and academic self-efficacy questionnaires. The instruments demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha > 0.6) and content validity was confirmed by experts in the field. Statistical analyses included tests for normality and homogeneity, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. While the data were not normally distributed, they satisfied the assumptions of homogeneity. The results indicated no significant relationship between academic self-efficacy and problem-solving ability (r = -0.014, p = 0.922), with regression analysis further confirming its negligible predictive power (β = -0.029, p = 0.922). These findings imply that academic self-efficacy may not be a crucial determinant of mathematical problem-solving performance at the elementary level, possibly due to the students’ limited metacognitive development. Theoretically, this study contributes to the field of educational psychology by challenging the universality of self-efficacy's influence in early education. Practically, it prompts educators and policymakers to consider developmental readiness when creating interventions designed to enhance self-belief. Future research should investigate mediating variables such as cognitive strategies, emotional regulation, and classroom environment to better understand academic performance among early learners.