C-29 寒冷地における外断熱構法を採用した病院の建築・設備計画と病室環境実測 : (その4)年間エネルギー消費量調査結果

E-58 Planning of Architecture and M/E at Hospital in Cold District by Introducing External Thermal Insulation Walls and Environmental Measurements of the Hospital Room : Part2 : Observation Result

Research on the building energy efficiency design strategy of Chinese universities based on green performance analysis

Natural ventilation remains a critical passive design strategy for improving indoor environmental quality, reducing operational energy demand, and enhancing thermal comfort in medium-density urban housing. Rapid urbanization, rising building densities, and increasing dependence on mechanical cooling have weakened traditional ventilation pathways, particularly in warm and mixed climates. Architectural planning decisions at the early design stage strongly influence airflow patterns, pressure differentials, and occupant comfort throughout a building’s lifecycle. This paper examines key architectural planning considerations that enhance natural ventilation performance in medium-density housing typologies, including site orientation, building form, spatial configuration, façade articulation, and integration of transitional spaces. Emphasis is placed on balancing density requirements with climatic responsiveness, privacy, and acoustic control. The review synthesizes evidence from climatic design theory, urban morphology studies, and post-occupancy evaluations to identify planning strategies that improve cross-ventilation, stack-driven airflow, and wind-assisted cooling. Particular attention is given to courtyard layouts, block spacing, window placement, vertical circulation cores, and the role of semi-open spaces such as balconies and atria. The research also highlights constraints posed by urban heat islands, pollution, and regulatory frameworks that influence ventilation effectiveness. By consolidating planning-level insights, the paper proposes a conceptual framework linking urban context, building geometry, and internal spatial organization to ventilation outcomes. The findings aim to support architects, planners, and housing authorities in developing climate-responsive medium-density housing that reduces energy consumption while maintaining occupant comfort. The paper concludes that strategic architectural planning, when aligned with local climatic conditions and urban form, can substantially enhance natural ventilation potential and contribute to more sustainable and resilient urban housing environments. These planning principles are especially relevant for rapidly growing cities where resource efficiency, health, and long-term environmental performance must be addressed simultaneously through informed, context-sensitive architectural decision making at early design stages without compromising density goals or socio-cultural housing needs and affordability.

The external wall thermal insulation technology in building energy saving is widely used in engineering, but in general it faces some quality security problems, this paper insulation material selection, exterior insulation system and its safety, fire redundancy and external wall construction corresponding measures on the analysis. So as to the engineering quality safety problems have prevention in the role of the external wall thermal insulation technology obtain the considerable development.

Abstract. The thermal environment (TE) inside livestock and poultry facilities has a substantial impact on animal growth performance and facility energy usage; therefore, the TE must be quantified correctly to maintain the optimal TE that maximizes feed efficiency and consumes minimal resources. To achieve this goal, a TE sensor array (TESA) and accompanying data acquisition system were previously developed to measure dry-bulb temperature (tdb), black globe temperature, airspeed, and relative humidity (RH). While measurement of each parameter is useful individually, it is more informative when they are combined to estimate and assess the total impact that the TE has on an animal. Hence, the objectives of this study were to (1) design, construct, and commission a TE simulation system, named the Animal Thermal Environment Replication and Measurement System (AThERMS), and (2) compare total sensible heat loss estimated by TESA to a reference ideal temperature source (ITS) when subjected to different TE conditions inside AThERMS. AThERMS is a 1.04 × 1.17 × 1.04 m chamber inside a large insulated enclosure in which air supplied by an air handling unit provides unique combinations of tdb, RH, and airspeed while independently controlling chamber surface temperature (ts). Commissioning of AThERMS included qualitative (smoke visualization) and quantitative (three-dimensional traverse) velocity characterizations in the central region of the chamber and verification of similar and stable ts for all six surfaces. Analysis of velocity contours at three nominal flow rates indicated steady patterns, and at three nominal ts values (13°C, 23°C, and 33°C) during 2 h steady-state operation, the maximum average difference between any two of the six surface ts values was 0.26°C. The TESA was then suspended in AThERMS adjacent to the ITS (15.24 cm diameter black copper sphere with a heater immersed in water). The ITS and TESA were subjected to two nominal airspeeds (~0.5 and 2.0 m s-1) at three nominal tdb values (17°C, 25°C, and 33°C) with a mean radiant temperature approximately equal to the nominal tdb. Total heat loss was estimated from heat transfer theory with TESA measurements as inputs and compared to the measured root mean square power required to maintain a constant water temperature in the ITS. Overall, predicted total heat loss underestimated measured power for all six tests. Future work needs to improve the measurement accuracy at low total heat losses. AThERMS can be used to simulate different TEs that an animal may experience and provide steady reference conditions to verify TE measurements. The TESA is a novel and effective tool for understanding the TE distribution and estimating total heat loss. Keywords: Black globe, Data acquisition, Swine, Ventilation.

Window, as a part of building envelope, can always provide outside visual for indoor occupants and effectively impact the indoor daylight and thermal environment and occupants’ health. Over the past decades, the demand for optimal indoor environments has been steadily increasing. In response to this need, several technologies integrated within conventional double-glazed (DG) systems for solar energy and daylight regulation were developed and investigated. This paper aims to comprehensively review the daylight, solar control of existing advanced passive technologies of DG windows for further building energy consumption reduction, focussing on Transparent Insulation Materials (TIM) and adaptive passive thermotropic (TT) materials. From the review of current studies, it can be concluded that, the traditional smart thermotropic DG window can effectively control glazing spectral response to prevent indoor occupants from over-illuminated and daylight glare, however, occupants’ view communication with the external environment was totally blocked when the TT material was in its translucent state. Meanwhile, TIM window systems can improve the indoor daylight and thermal comfort, but they also have some limitations, for example, they have fixed visible light and solar optical properties. As a result, a DG window integrated with TIM may allow less solar heat and visible light to be transmitted into a building space, which may lead to a lower cooling energy demand in summer but a higher heating energy consumption in winter and also a higher electric lighting requirement. To effectively avoid the disadvantages brought by windows integrated with single TT or TIM system, TT-TIM-coupled window system is recommended to further improve the passive daylight and solar control technologies in the future.

Urban form has important influence on urban climate and thermal environment. Any essential index in urban form is more or less related to thermal environment. As pointed out above, urban thermal environment has scale characteristics. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the influence mechanism of urban form indexes on thermal environment on different scales thus to lead thermal environment via urban form control, improve outdoor thermal comfort and reduce the energy consumption of urban buildings. Urban scale, city size, overall land layout and ventilation corridor can affect thermal environment. However, the practicality is quite low; while for neighborhood scale in the central area, urban form combination, underlying surface pattern and materials significantly affect thermal environment. The spatial form is irreversible. The underlying surface form and material can relatively be easily improved. Therefore, for urban planning, it seems very important to consider its influence on urban thermal environment before urban form planning. Simulation verification was carried out based on existing research achievements on thermal environment and urban climate. In addition, simulation of form index and thermal environment under the influence of single variable was performed as well. A total of 13 index factors including overall layout index, special form indexes and underlying surface index were selected (Fig. 2.1): ① overall layout: density/height/intensity; ② special form indexes: sky visibility factor (SVF)/height-width ratio of street/enclosure degree of street/street and building direction/enclosure coefficient/shadow coefficient/dispersion degree; ③underlying surface: vegetation coverage/impervious surface area/material and albedo. The influencing mechanism of urban land use and anthropologic heat on urban thermal environment was discussed on two aspects, namely land for temperature rising and land for temperature reduction.

Dynamic heat transfer model of vertical green façades and its co-simulation with a building energy modelling program in hot-summer/warm-winter zones

The use of heating systems for new-born piglets can prevent major losses in the first 5weeks of life. The present study had the objective of evaluating three heating systems in creeps for new-born piglets, being: floor-heated floor with circulating water (HF), incandescent lamp type SPOT 40W (L) and incandescent lamp type SPOT 40W plus black metal plate (LP). The variables evaluated were piglet performance (total weight gain and mortality), bioclimatic data (temperature and relative air humidity), animal behaviour and economic revenue. Bioclimatic data were recorded in the external environment, in the maternity and in the interior of each shelter/creep for 21days, three times a day, as well as the capture of photographic images for analysis of the animals' disposal. The mean temperature of the retractors, the weight at weaning and the weight gain were higher in the HF treatment. Treatment HF improved the percentage of dispersed animals and provided the best thermal environment and the highest revenue at the time of the commercialization of the piglets.

Layer mortality due to heat stress is an important economic loss for the producer. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality pattern of layers reared in the region of Bastos, SP, Brazil, according to external environment and bird age. Data mining technique were used based on monthly mortality records of hens in production, 135 poultry houses, from January 2004 to August 2008. The external environment was characterized according maximum and minimum temperatures, obtained monthly at the meteorological station CATI in the city of Tupa, SP, Brazil. Mortality was classified as normal (£ 1.2%) or high (> 1.2%), considering the mortality limits mentioned in literature. Data mining technique produced a decision tree with nine levels and 23 leaves, with 62.6% of overall accuracy. The hit rate for the High class was 64.1% and 59.9% for Normal class. The decision tree allowed finding a pattern in the mortality data, generating a model for estimating mortality based on the thermal environment and bird age.

Thermal comfort in the supermarket environment – multiple enquiry methods and simultaneous measurements of the thermal environment

Reducing energy consumption and creating a comfortable thermal indoor environment in rural residential buildings can play a key role in fighting global warming in China. As a result of economic development, rural residents are building new houses and modernizing existing buildings. This paper investigated and analyzed a typical rural residential building in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Northwest China through field measurements and numerical simulation. The results showed that making full use of solar energy resources is an important way to improve the indoor temperature. Reasonable building layout and good thermal performance of the building envelope can reduce wind velocities and convective heat loss. Insulation materials and double-glazed windows should be used to reduce energy loss in new buildings, although it is an evolution process in creating thermally efficient buildings in rural China. This research provides a reference for the design and construction of rural residential buildings in Northwest China and similar areas for addressing energy poverty.

Nowadays, world energy source has become a lifeline of national economic development and national security. Although China is abundant in energy sources, the per capita are far lower than the world average level, making energy situation serious. Energy consumptions conclude industrial energy consumption , transportation energy consumption and Building energy consumption. With the rapid development of economy in our country, the growth of the building energy consumption has been increasing obviously. Energy tension and the resulting environmental problems are the top issues our country facing with. Now existing building areas are about 42 billion square meters in China, 90% existing buildings of which are built in the last eighty and ninety century. [2] And those old buildings have features of simple retaining structure design, big doors and windows gaps, poor air tightness, residential thermal environment, building insulation and thermal insulation, low level of building energy efficiency, and less energy saving measures as well. Therefore, whether the energy saving renovation of existing residential buildings will be carried out is the determination of whether the high efficient use of resources and energy sources and sustainable development road can move forward. 1.Introduction Chinese existing buildings energy conservation is pushed by the south to north direction. [1] Changchun city of Jilin province is located in the North-East, belongs to cold region. The existing building energy-saving renovation work in Changchun city is an important part of construction energy conservation work in China. Because heating energy consumption accounts for the proportion of building energy consumption is as high as 50% ~ 60% in winter, building energy conservation potential is tremendous.[4] As residents higher requirements for the improvement of indoor thermal environment and relevant policies and regulations on energy conservation, the study of existing residential buildings energy-saving renovation will have practical significance. This paper mainly introduces the design scheme of energy saving conservation of existing residential buildings in Changchun city, and analyzes the effect after energy saving renovation of existing residential building energy-saving buildings. 2. The Design scheme and effect of energy saving transformation The design ways contribute to fulfilling energy conservation for existing residential buildings in Changchun city, as the flow-process diagram A1, such as the existing peripheral residential building insulation, heating pipe network, the indoor heating system, roof structure for energy saving and facade decoration and so on, which can reduce building energy consumption, improve the environment, indoor thermal insulation waterproof effect, beautify the appearance of the building and enhance housing security system. 2nd International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering (MSIE 2013) © 2013. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 647

Influence of EPS, mineral wool and plaster layers on sound and thermal insulation of a wall: a case study

This paper presents a comparative study on the prediction of energy consumption in buildings using machine learning techniques. The dataset encompasses a diverse range of buildings with 8 input features and one output variable, representing the energy consumption. The primary focus is on evaluating the performance of two prominent and widely-used machine learning algorithms: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Random Forest (RF). The results indicate a promising predictive capacity of both models, showcasing their effectiveness in capturing intricate patterns within the dataset. In the case of ANN, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) is reported at 3.806, demonstrating the model's ability to approximate the true energy consumption values. Furthermore, the Random Forest model exhibits enhanced predictive accuracy, as reflected by a lower RMSE of 1.392. In addition to predictive analysis, this study utilizes a Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (MWOA) to optimize energy consumption. The MWOA helps to identify the associated input values that lead to the lowest possible energy consumption, providing valuable insights for energy-efficient building design. The implications of this research extend to the broader field of sustainable architecture and urban planning, paving the way for more informed decisions aimed at reducing energy consumption and fostering environmental sustainability.