Can Prolonged Ischemia Time in Extremity Transfer Be Resolved Using an Extracorporeal Circulation Model? An Experimental Study.

Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are some studies on oxidative stress and PTSD, there is no report available on the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with chronic PTSD. The study group included 45 earthquake survivors with PTSD and 40 earthquake survivors without PTSD. The oxidative status was determined using the total antioxidant status and total oxidant status (TOS) measurements and by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI). There were no statistically significant differences in the total antioxidant status, TOS, or OSI when comparing individuals with and without PTSD (all, p>0.05). There were no correlations between Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores and oxidant and antioxidant stress markers (all, p>0.05). Our results suggest that the total oxidant and antioxidant status may not affect earthquake survivors with PTSD. This is the first study to evaluate the oxidative status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Deltamethrin is a widely used pyrethroits worldwide. Although the chemical is used to combat insects, it has effects on other non-target organisms. Deltamethrin is extensively used in agriculture, animal husbandry, and domestic areas in the Lake Van basin. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative damage from deltamethrin on the primary hepatocyte culture of Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi). In this study, the toxic effects of different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM) of deltamethrin in the primary hepatocyte culture of Lake Van fish were investigated via liver enzymes aspartase aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and DNA damage (8-OHdG). Deltamethrin caused an increase in the AST and ALT levels dependent on the dosage and time. The TAS and TOS levels increased at the end of 24 h and there was no difference at the end of 48 h. Deltamethrin did not affect the MDA level, but increased the 8-OHdG (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it can be said that high doses of deltamethrin (1 and 10 µM) have a toxic effect on the primary hepatocyte culture of Lake Van fish.

Background/aim To investigate possible protective effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) in an experimental liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model. Materials and methods The study was carried out on 30 female rats separated into 3 groups as sham, control (IRI), and treatment (IRI + ABS) groups. In the IRI + ABS group, 0.5 mL/day ABS was given for 7 days before surgery. In the IRI and IRI + ABS groups, the hepatic pedicle was clamped for 30 min to apply ischemia. Then, after opening the clamp, 90-min reperfusion of the liver was provided. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological analyses.Results Compared to the sham group, the IRI group had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), fluorescent oxidant products (FOP) and lower expression of albumin and total antioxidant status (TAS) (P < 0.05). Compared to the IRI group, the IRI+ABS group showed lower expression of AST, ALT, TOS, MDA and FOP and higher expression of albumin and TAS (P < 0.05). In the histopathological analysis, congestion scores were statistically significantly lower in the IRI + ABS group than in the IRI group.ConclusionsABS has a strong hepatoprotective effect due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and could therefore be used as a potential therapeutic agent for IRI.

The influence of extremely low temperatures on the human body and physiological reactions are not fully recognized. It has been postulated that cryostimulation could modify immunological reactions, leukocytes mobilization and levels of cytokines. The aim of this research was to estimate the influence of a ten sessions 3-min-long exposures to cryogenic temperature (-130 degrees C) on the white blood cell (WBC) count, level of IL6 and the total oxidative and antioxidative status in 15 young, clinically healthy men. Blood samples were obtained in the morning before cryostimulation, again 30 min after treatment and the next day in the morning, both during the first and tenth session. The WBC count, level of IL6 and total lipid peroxides as the total oxidative status and the total antioxidative status (TAS), were measured. After completing a total of ten whole-body therapy sessions a significant increase in WBC count, especially lymphocytes and monocytes was noted. There was an increase in level of IL6 after first and the last cryostimulation the most pronounced after tenth session. On the contrary the TAS level decreased significant after the treatment. It was concluded that repeated expositions to extremely low temperatures use in cryostimulation have mobilization effect on immunological system.

Vincristine-associated total antioxidant and oxidant status of ovaries and in vitro nuclear oocyte maturation in dogs with canine transmissible venereal tumor

Ischemia and reperfusion injury due to tourniquet application during arthroscopy is a well known problem. This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine on hemodynamic and respiratory variables and on total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as markers of ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study was approved by a local ethics committee. The study was performed on patients undergoing arthroscopic operation under spinal anesthesia. Thirty patients were randomized into two groups: Group D (dexmedetomidine; n=15) and Group K (Ketamine; n=15). Spinal anesthesia at the L2-4 level was achieved using a 25G spinal needle with hyperbaric bupivacaine at a dose of 12-15 mg in all patients. In Group D, patients were sedated with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.3-0.5 μg/kg/h, while Group K received ketamine at a dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg/h. Hemodynamic parameters, oxygen saturation, Ramsey sedation scale (RSS), and TAS, TOS, and MDA levels were recorded. Demographic parameters, TAS, TOS and MDA levels were similar between groups. In Group K, the TOS levels after tourniquet removal were significantly lower than at baseline and during the use of the tourniquet. Preoperative hemodynamic and respiratory variables were similar in both groups. Blood pressure values were decreased compared to baseline but these decreases were not statistically significant. In patients undergoing arthroscopy under spinal anesthesia, dexmedetomidine had effects similar to ketamine, led to insignificant alterations in hemodynamic and respiratory variables during surgery and had comparable effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, we think that dexmedetomidine can be a safe alternative to ketamine as an intraoperative sedative.

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major concern in diabetic patients undergoing vascular procedures, causing significant damage to the liver and kidneys. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cerium oxide on the liver and kidneys of diabetic mice with lower extremity IRI. Thirty Swiss albino mice were divided into five experimental groups: control (C), control diabetes (D), diabetes with cerium oxide (D-CEO2), diabetes with IRI (D-IRI), and diabetes with IRI treated with cerium oxide (D-IRI-CEO2). Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (125 mg/kg) and lower-extremity IRI was induced by clamping the infrarenal aorta. Cerium oxide was administered intraperitoneally to the 0.5 mg/kg cerium oxide groups 30 min before ischemia. Liver and kidney tissue samples were subsequently analyzed through biochemical assays measuring the total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and paraoxonase-1, as well as histopathological examinations. The D-IRI group exhibited greater liver and kidney damage than the control group. The D-IRI-CeO2 group displayed reduced liver and kidney damage compared to the D-IRI group. In both the D-IRI and D-IRI-CeO2 groups, the total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and paraoxonase-1 acitivity were higher, whereas the total antioxidant status levels were lower. In the D-IRI-CeO2 group, there was a decrease in total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and paraoxonase-1, whereas total antioxidant status increased compared to D-IRI. Intraperitoneal cerium oxide reduces oxidative stress and mitigates liver and kidney damage in diabetic mice subjected to lower extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and oxidative stress by measuring serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). Methods: A total of 95 participants, 49 patients with SAC (18 female, 31 male) and age and gender matched 46 controls (23 female, 23 male) were included during allergy season in this observational casecontrol study. Serum samples were obtained from all participants. The measurements of serum TAS and TOS levels were made by automatic colorimetric method and OSI was calculated. Results: Serum TAS levels of the patient and control group were measured as 1.45 ± 0.19 mmol Trolox Equ/L and 1.46 ± 0.15 mmol Trolox Equ/L, respectively. The median serum TOS values of the patient and control group were 3.60 (1.34-36.27) μmol H2O2 Equ/L and 3.29 (1.00-12.96) μmol H2O2 Equ/L respectively. OSI values of the patient and control group were calculated as 37.67 ± 39.32 and 26.78 ± 15.38, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between serum TAS, TOS and OSI values of two groups (p: 0.974, 0.544 and 0.372, respectively). Conclusion: We found no significant difference in levels of serum oxidative stress markers in patients with SAC and control group. There may be localized oxidative stress only in the ocular surface, which does not affect serum values in patients with SAC.

Aim: MicroRNAs (miR) are important diagnostic and treatment targets due to their different tissue expressions and their central position in the regulation of gene expressions. miR studies might pioneer emerging of new diagnostic tools and treatment goals in kidney diseases. Captopril (CAP) and telmisartan (TEL) were shown to be effective in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. There is not any study about the effect of TEL and CAP over miR-21-320-146a. Our aim was to study the effects of CAP and TEL over miR on renal IR model.Methods: We used 12–16 weeks-old Wistar-Albino rats that weigh 300–350 g. Rats (n, 6) were randomized into four groups (Control, IR, IR + CAP, IR + TEL). Urea, creatinine, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and miRs were analyzed.Results: Urea, creatinine, TOS, OSI levels of IR + CAP, and IR + TEL groups were lower comparing to IR group. TAS and SOD levels were higher in IR group than IR + TEL group. miR-21-320-146a showed increase in renal IR injury. miR-320, 146a showed significant decrease in IR + CAP and IR + TEL groups comparing to IR group. We showed histopathological recovery and decreased apoptosis in IR + CAP and IR + T groups than IR group.Conclusion: We, for the first time in the literature, showed that miR-320 is increased in IR injury. miR-320 might be a novel diagnosis and treatment target in renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Also, for the first time, we showed that CAP and TEL cause functional and histopathological recovery and lower miR-146a and miR-320.

Acute lung injury secondary to sepsis remains a major problem in critical patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury is characterized by inflammatory infiltration, oxidative stress, and extensive apoptosis, particularly via the mitochondrial pathway. Omega-3 (OM3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have been proposed as promising modulators of inflammation and oxidative damage. However, their role in regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in sepsis remains underexplored. Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups: Control, LPS (5mg/kg, i.p. 3th), LPS-OM3 (400mg/kg/day, i.p., 3day), and OM3 only. After 72h, lung tissues were collected for histopathological scoring, immunohistochemistry as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), heat shock protein (HSP70), caspase-3 (Cas-3); biochemical analyses as total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and qRT-PCR for mitochondrial apoptosis markers B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cytochrome-c (Cyt-c) and Cas-9. LPS induced ALI characterized by bronchiolar epithelial degeneration, alveolar hemorrhage, inflammation, and hyaline membrane formation. Biochemically, TOS and OSI levels were significantly elevated, while TAS remained unchanged. Immunohistochemical and genetic analysis showed marked upregulation of TNF-α, HSP70, and Cas-3 Bax, Cyt-c, and Casp-9 expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in the LPS group. OM3 supplementation significantly attenuated histopathological damage, reduced oxidative stress markers, suppressed immunopositivity of proinflammatory and apoptotic proteins, and favorably modulated the apoptosis-related gene expressions. OM3 fatty acids exert a potent protective effect against LPS-induced ALI by suppressing mitochondrial apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating the inflammatory response. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of OM3 in mitigating sepsis-associated pulmonary damage through mitochondrial preservation.

The correlation of the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and paraoxonase activity (PON1) with smoking

Objective Acrylamide is a toxic compound widely used in industrial sectors. Acrylamide causes reactive oxygen species formation and the subsequent lipid peroxidation reaction, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative damage. Taxifolin is a flavonoid with antioxidant properties that inhibit reactive oxygen species formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the preventive effect of taxifolin on acrylamide-induced oxidative heart damage. Methods The rats were divided into three groups: Acrylamide, Acrylamide+Taxifolin , and Healthy group. Water and food intake and body weight alterations were recorded daily. Malondialdehyde, total glutathione, nuclear factor kappa-B, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status levels were analyzed from the heart tissue. Troponin-I levels, the parameter known as a cardiac biomarker, were analyzed from the blood sample. The cardiac histopathologic examination was also performed. Results In the Acrylamide group animals, the malondialdehyde, nuclear factor kappa-B, total oxidant status, and troponin-I levels were significantly higher compared to the ones of Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups. The levels of total glutathione and total antioxidant status were significantly lower compared to Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups’. Additionally, in the Acrylamide group, body weight gain, food and water intake, significantly declined compared to the Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups. However, in the Acrylamide+Taxifolin group, taxifolin supplementation brought these values close to Healthy group ones. Furthermore, taxifolin treatment ameliorated structural myocardial damage signs induced by acrylamide. Conclusion Acrylamide exposure significantly induced oxidative damage to rat heart tissue. Taxifolin was able to improve the toxic consequences of acrylamide biochemically and histopathologically, possibly due to its antioxidant properties.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of krill oil (KO) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury on rat ovary. This study was conducted with 32 Wistar Albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups, with eight rats in each group-as follows: Sham group, I/R group, I/R + low dose KO group (50 mg) and I/R + high dose KO group (500 mg). The histopathological and follicle counts were performed on the right ovary. The total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were evaluated on the left ovary. And also serum N-thiol level, serum T-thiol level, serum disulfide (SDS) level, serum disulfide/N-thiol and serum disulfide/T-thiol ratios were evaluated too. A statistically significant difference was determined between the I/R group and all the other groups for all parameters. There was significant difference between KO groups and the Sham group for the parameters of serum N-thiol, serum T-thiol, SDS, serum disulfide/N-thiol and serum disulfide/T-thiol. SDS, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were determined to be the highest in the I/R group and the lowest in the low dose KO group. The total antioxidant status values were found to be the highest in the high dose KO group and the lowest in the I/R group. Follicle counts and histological injury scores showed no significant difference between Sham and KO groups. This study demonstrated that KO has beneficial effects on decreasing the injury after I/R on rat ovary.

Oxidative imbalance in child and adolescent patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs due to the release of free oxygen radicals after tourniquet usage.Following tourniquet application, parameters such as ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) become more frequently studied in order to reveal IRI.The aim of this study was to compare the effects of both infraclavicular block (ICB) and general anaesthesia (GA) on IRI in a prospective randomized controlled manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sixty patients undergoing extremity surgery with tourniquet were randomized in two groups (the ICB group ICB and the GA group GA).In the group ICB, anaesthesia using USG linear probe was applied via a lateral-sagittal technique.Conversely, anaesthesia was inducted with propofol and was maintained with 2-3% sevoflurane, 50% O 2 /air mixture in the group GA.Blood samples were drawn before ICB and the induction of GA (T1), and again 2 hours after tourniquet opening (T2).Serum TAS, TOS and IMA levels were calculated using diagnostic kits. RESULTS:A total 47 patients were evaluated in both groups.There was no statistical significance within or between the two groups in terms of their IMA, TAS and TOS values at T1 and T2 (p>0.05).In addition, there was no statistical significance within or between either group in terms of IMA, TAS and TOS values according to their tourniquet times (0-60 and 61-120 min) (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Infraclavicular nerve block and GA were not superior to each other in preventing IRI associated with a tourniquet duration of up to 120 min.