Casa mare: memory, identity and museumification

Aceh is a region that has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which reflects its civilization and identity from time to time. However, the threat to the preservation of these historical relics is increasing over time, especially due to natural factors, urbanization, and social changes. Digitalization has emerged as a potential solution to address these challenges. The digitization of historical and cultural heritage offers a new way to preserve, access, and promote Aceh's cultural heritage more broadly. This research aims to explore the role of digital technology in the preservation of Aceh's cultural heritage, as well as its impact on local and global communities. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study on the Aceh Historical Trail Map (acehhistorytrailmap.id). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders, document analysis, and observation of platform usage. The analysis was conducted thematically to identify the benefits of digitalization, the technology used, and challenges in preserving cultural heritage. The study focuses on historical sites in East Aceh, such as Perlak and Idi, as the research locus. Through the analysis of case studies from the historical heritage digitization project in Aceh, this study examines the effectiveness of digital devices such as digital imaging, virtual tours, and online platforms in documenting and disseminating important elements of Acehnese culture, such as: artifacts and historical sites. The results of this research are expected to provide insight into effective strategies for cultural heritage preservation through technology, as well as the potential for collaboration between stakeholders in realizing sustainable digital transformation for the preservation of Aceh's historical heritage.

Global Rivalry demands modernization existence at tourism sector. That thing necessary done so that tourist readies to pay a visit and felt to feet at home at city that visited. Conseqence from this modernization is builds amount of tourism sector supporting facilities. Troubleshoot appears when tourism sector development little by little threaten existence and local culture preservation. Inch by inch but certain society will adopted culture moderner that come from outside the culture self. That thing evoke problem aloof. Majority tourist comes to yogyakarta not in the first place to enjoy modern atmosphere, but exactly to know and enjoy atmosphere and local culture. If that looked for modern atmosphere, metropolis like Jakarta, Surabaya, and batam prepare it.so, if inch by inch local culture is shified, for certain that is long too long yogyakarta will lose asset to on the market in tourists. No more specification yogyakarta that can be putted to interesing tourist. Problem necessary looked for solusi , tourism development yogyakarta necessary aimed in torism development berorientasi in culture preservation. To crat tourism development berorientasi in culture preservation, there are some matter that can be goed. First. encouragement returns festifal local culture. Second, necessary tourism planology mapping existence. Third, give culture local load in special province yogyakarta education curriculum. Fourth, revitalisasi palace as culture centre. Fifth, tourism development observer team formation. If success created tourism development that pay attention culture preservation, can be believed that from time to time yogyakarta permanent will can to defend the existence as tourism city.

This paper explores contemporary approaches to preserving and promoting cultural heritage by integrating game elements and advanced technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). In an era increasingly shaped by digital innovation, preserving cultural heritage demands new strategies to sustain engagement with historical narratives and artifacts. Emerging technologies like VR and AR offer immersive, interactive experiences that appeal to modern audiences, especially younger generations accustomed to digital environments (Bekele and Champion). Gamification—the use of game design principles in non-game contexts—has gained significant traction in education and cultural heritage, providing new methods for increasing user engagement and retention (Werbach and Hunter). By incorporating gamified features, heritage can be made more accessible, fostering emotional connections and deeper understanding (Huotari and Hamari; Zichermann and Cunningham). This aligns with the shift toward interactive digital storytelling as a tool to transform static heritage presentations into dynamic, participatory experiences (Champion and Rahaman). Central to this research is the conceptualization and development of a mobile application leveraging VR and AR to enhance user engagement and education around cultural heritage. Drawing on the principles of self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan) and empirical findings on gamified learning (Landers and Landers), the application combines educational content with interactive elements, creating an immersive learning environment. By addressing both content accessibility and interactive immersion, this application bridges the gap between traditional heritage preservation and the expectations of a digitally native audience. The recent literature underscores the potential of VR and AR in cultural preservation, emphasizing their ability to transcend physical boundaries, simulate historical environments, and promote active participation (Milgram and Kishino, Addison; Azuma). As virtual environments evolve, platforms like the metaverse expand possibilities for experiencing cultural heritage in spaces free of geographical limitations (Cipresso et al.; Radianti et al.). Such advancements have already demonstrated significant educational and experiential benefits (Wu et al.; Akçayır and Akçayır). This study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the target group’s attitudes toward gamified technologies for cultural heritage preservation. The initial results indicate substantial interest and willingness among users to engage with applications employing VR and AR. This aligns with findings in the literature that suggest immersive experiences can enhance learning outcomes and foster long-term engagement (Merchant et al.; Speicher et al.). The project has garnered significant recognition, receiving the Rector’s Award for the best scientific paper in the technical field at the University of Zagreb and earning bronze medals at the ARCA Innovation Fair and the INOVA Fair. These accolades underscore the project’s innovative approach and its potential for real-world application. By presenting a robust framework for integrating gamification and immersive technologies into cultural heritage preservation, this paper contributes to the growing discourse on utilizing advanced digital tools to ensure the sustainability and relevance of cultural heritage for future generations.

This study explored the cultural and linguistic mapping in Laguna Province in preserving indigenous heritage and communication. The study employed the narrative inquiry method. The study participants were ten residents across various towns and cities in Laguna. They were interviewed and asked to tell their stories and experiences. The data collected underwent coding and thematic analyses. The research uncovers four key themes: Cultural Heritage Preservation and Evolution, Linguistic Diversity and Proficiency, Challenges in Preserving Cultural Heritage in a Changing Society, and Community Engagement and Participation in Cultural Preservation. These themes underscore the urgent need to protect cultural traditions against globalization, urbanization, and technological advancements. Likewise, it revealed themes from residents’ testimonials, offering deep insights into their experiences. The first theme highlights the importance of preserving cultural traditions while allowing them to evolve, emphasizing culture’s dynamic nature and the need for ongoing efforts to safeguard it. The second theme focuses on the linguistic diversity in the province, stressing the value of proficiency in multiple languages for shaping cultural identity and promoting communication. The third theme explores the challenges of preserving cultural heritage in a rapidly changing society where globalization, urbanization, and environmental factors threaten traditional practices. Lastly, the study underscores the significance of community involvement, emphasizing that collective efforts are crucial to preserving cultural heritage for future generations. Thus, the Tradition, Roots, Evolution, Engagement (TREE) Model is introduced to encapsulate these themes and provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in cultural preservation. The findings offer significant insights into the challenges and motivations driving cultural and linguistic preservation, aiming to inspire respect and recognition for Laguna’s diverse cultural practices. Acknowledging limitations such as a small sample size, the study calls for further research with a broader and more diverse participant base to deepen the understanding of cultural and linguistic dynamics in the province. Ultimately, the study aspires to contribute to policy-making and educational initiatives that support the revitalization of indigenous languages and the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage.

In the development of the cultural and creative industry, popular cultural and creative attractions are reviewed for integrating local architecture, history, and culture into products to promote local economy and culture. We conducted a field investigation at the Xiaojia ancient house in Jiadong Township, Pingtung County, and found that there was a cultural cognitive gap between local cultural and creative products and consumers, which was a dilemma in promoting the development of the local cultural and creative industry. Through the design thinking of cultural and creative products, the spirit of Hakka culture can be delivered and expanded into local specialty products. In the design of cultural and creative products, we used the KJ method to analyze, summarize, and extract the most representative architectural features as the source of design elements. At the same time, combined with the principles of design semiotics, deep cultural symbols were integrated into the product design of the pen holder with richer local spiritual meaning. The traditional and modern elements of the Xiao family’s ancient house were combined to design a multi-functional cultural and creative pen holder. It brought a unique cultural experience and promoted the local cultural and creative industries and the Hakka culture of Xiaojia Ancient House to develop related culture and tourism. Semiotics and the KJ method in theory and practice were useful in product design and programming to develop local cultural and creative products. In the future, we apply this design method to different cultures and cross-domains to achieve wider research and application.

UNESCO declared The Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta as one of the world heritage sites of Indonesia on 18 September 2023. The establishment by UNESCO has consequences on the importance of Destination Branding The Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta by stakeholders, in particular the local government, in supporting the preservation of sustainable culture and tourism. The purpose of the research is to learn the strategy of developing destination branding on the Yogyakarta Philosophy Axis to support the local government's preservation of cultural heritage. This research method is through in-depth interviews, observations, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the Department of Culture (Dinas Kebudayaan/Kundha Kabudayan) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, which is involved in the development of the philosophical axis area. The results of this research show that the government, especially the Department of Culture, has played an essential role in developing the destination branding strategy of The Cosmological Axis to improve the public's understanding of the values and efforts of preservation of cultural heritage. As a UNESCO World Heritage site, the Philosophy Axis has opportunities to increase tourist attractiveness based on cultural heritage. However, there are challenges, such as public awareness in preserving such cultural heritage, sustainable tourism, disaster mitigation, and the socio-cultural existence of communities around The Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta.

Due to the impact of globalization, information technology, high-tech tidal, from various regions of the world and for the increasing homogenization phenomenon, localization is to re-emphasize the uniqueness of the region, presents local values, to safeguard the identity and regional specialties in the ground, promote local cultural regeneration. In recent years in response of neglecting local traditional culture of urban and rural culture, The government has been promoting local cultural industries, in order to promote local economic regeneration and preservation of cultural continuity, in the best interpreter of the residents should be promoting local cultural characteristics. Kaohsiung Zuoying Wannian Folklore Festival is focused on historical and cultural activities and religious celebrations of the spindle, in order to promote cultural tourism in the local festivals. The researcher teaches at a primary school which is located in Zuoying. Noticing although the OLD CITY has been the main place of activities, but the activities could not highlight the local culture nor the cultural heritage, not to mention the awareness of cultural continuity.Therefore this study is focused on further understanding through the land of history and culture, writing the script which is based the on understanding the local culture through history, representing Medina in the old time. With children’s participation in the play at local festivals, it is an awakening to students and the community residents, bringing honor back to the local residents, hoping to deliver the message out to the others. This study is based on various field trips and researches , supplemented by interviews, document analysis and questionnaire feedback, further discussions and analysis, test and propose ways for effective implementation. The researcher was involved in the actual design and planning Kaohsiung Zuoying Wannian Folklore Festival performances found in the study include: Discovering the special cultural resources and to utilize, establishing a system that the government would support, to encourage local residents awareness in preserving local culture, and to participate in local cultural activity as a civil responsibility, realizing it is a sustainable activities which are designed to combine the cultural spirit and with marketing benefits.

The project demonstrates the use of modern technologies for preservation and presentation of the cultural and historical heritage. The idea is a database of cultural and historical heritage sites to be created applying threedimensional laser scanning technology and a combination of geodetic and photogrammetric methods and shooting techniques. For the purposes of carrying out this project, we have focused on some heritage sites in the central part of Sofia. We decided to include these particular buildings because of the fact that there is hardly another city in the world where within a radius of 400 m are located four temples of different religions - Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox and Catholic. In the recent years, preservation of cultural heritage has been increasingly linked to objectives of sustainable development. Today, it has become clear that cultural heritage is also an economic resource that should be used for further economic development (through compulsory preservation of its authentic cultural values). There has been a more active public debate on the role of cultural heritage, regarding the following topics: improving the quality of life through development of cultural tourism, leading to an increase of the employment rate, constantly improving the business climate, etc. Cultural heritage preservation is becoming one of the priority objectives of the urban development policy. The focus has been shifted to new ways of preservation, mainly combinations of sophisticated technological solutions and their application for the purposes of preservation and dissemination of the cultural heritage.

Reviewed by: Beyond Ke'eaumoku: Koreans, Nationalism, and Local Culture in Hawai'i Lili M. Kim (bio) Beyond Ke'eaumoku: Koreans, Nationalism, and Local Culture in Hawai'i, by Brenda L. Kwon. New York: Garland Publishing, 1999. xiii, 153 pp. $50.00 cloth. Hawai'i has held a certain fascination for many Americans. Thanks to earlier scholars who dubbed Hawai'i "The Last of the Magic Isles" and projected it as a paradise of racial harmony where people of different races and nationality coexisted as equals, Americans have perceived Ha-wai' i as an exotic heaven on earth, immune from all social ills, especially those stemming from racism and ethnocentrism. Hawai'i's "aloha spirit" continues to be romanticized in the minds of Americans in the continental United States even though later scholars have challenged that claim.1 Brenda Kwon's Beyond Ke'eaumoku: Koreans, Nationalism, and Local Culture in Hawai'i is a continuation of that dialogue which challenges the notion of all-encompassing, nonhegemonic culture of Hawai'i. Kwon's goal in this book is to demonstrate and offer explanations for racial and ethnic hierarchies within the "Local" culture of Hawai'i by examining "marginalized voices in the 'paradise' " (p. 4, italics in the original). Analyzing works of three Korean authors from Hawai'i—Margaret K. Pai, Ty Pak, and Gary Pak—Kwon attempts to define and distinguish "Local" identity of Hawai'i from "Asian American" identity of the continental United States and to answer the question of why and how Koreans in Hawai'i continue to be a marginalized group in Local culture. A much-needed examination of these Korean American authors, this short dissertation, published as a book, offers three reasons for marginalization of Korean Americans in Local culture. First, given Korea's political history with Japan and the Japanese majority in Hawai'i, Koreans resisted their association with Local identity. Second, as a result of the high rate of outmarriage by second-generation Koreans, "Korean identities became subsumed by Local ones." Third, the large presence of post-1965 Korean immigrants in Hawai'i gave "credibility to the perception of island Koreans as monolithically 'fob,'2 with no Local history" (pp. 8-9). Taken together, [End Page 191] these three factors, Kwon argues, rendered Koreans invisible and outsiders in Local culture. Taking the impact of tourism on the lives of the residents of Hawai'i, as well as their strong resistance to an unavoidable economic dependence upon tourism into consideration, Kwon concludes, "This overlooking [of Koreans within Local culture] ultimately enables tourism to continue to colonize, for if the act of colonization relies upon the reduction of the Other, then it follows that the obverse—complicating the Other—provides a valuable means of resistance" (p. 9). Thus, by insisting on ruptures and hierarchies within Local culture, Kwon firmly rejects the "racial paradise" thesis as a way to resist colonizing forces of tourism. The first and foremost task of the book, then, is to establish exactly what is meant by "Local" and who can rightfully claim this identity. It is a difficult task, for there is not a stable definition, and as Kwon explains, it is a term that "excludes in order to maintain and affirm its existence" (p. 7). In other words, "Localness" can be best understood by stating what is not, rather than what is. Historically, for example, the term "Local" has excluded haoles3 and upper-class residents of Hawai'i, no matter how long they have lived in the Islands. Still, to give the reader at least a general idea of the term, Kwon writes, " 'Local' can be used to refer to anyone of Asian, Hawaiian, or other Pacific Islander descent, and usually designates those who have been in Hawai'i for more than one generation, although more politicized definitions call for a lineage that can be traced back to the plantation labor experience" (p. 6, italics mine). It is clear from Kwon's fluid definitions that the term "Local" can be applied in several slightly different ways. What is not clear, however, is how one makes a distinction between the variety of situations in which the term is used in order to...

Abstract. This contribution examines the challenges posed to the cultural heritage documentation community (the CIPA community and others) in implementing a preventive conservation approach of the built heritage in today’s society. The “DNA” of Preventive Conservation. Various authors so far support the argument that preventive conservation is an effective way to respond to the challenges society faces with the preservation of its Cultural Heritage (Van Balen, 2013). A few decades of experiences with the application of preventive conservation in the field of immovable heritage in the form of Monumentenwacht in The Netherland and in Flanders have shown that a good monitoring of the state of preservation with a strong push for maintenance activities contributes to more preservation of authenticity, to more cost-effective preservation and to empowering society in dealing with heritage preservation. (Cebron, 2008) An analysis of these and similar experiences demonstrates that these “Monumentenwacht” activities represent only a part of what could be named a preventive conservation system. Other fields in which prevention is advocated for its higher efficiency, show the importance of system thinking in the development of improved strategies. Applying this approach to the field of the immovable heritage, referring to the initial results shown by the Monumentenwacht practices, it becomes clear that different dimension are at stake simultaneously: the preservation of authenticity or integrity, the management of resources and the connection with society. It shows that the analysis of challenges in heritage preservation and the development of strategies is à priori multifaceted and therefor has a certain level of complexity. The sustainability of the preservation of cultural heritage buildings and sites can be measured according to its multiple economic, social, environmental and cultural support. The Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe report shows that the more diverse the support is for cultural heritage preservation actions, the more those actions will contribute to sustainable development and the more sustainable the preservation of that heritage will be. This reasoning has led to the “upstream approach” which argues that cultural heritage preservation can benefit from a variety of resources which do not necessarily have to be earmarked for it à priori (CHCfE, 2015). It leads to arguing for an holistic and integrated approach for cultural heritage preservation that taps into different kinds of resources, which requires acknowledgement of the complex nature of understanding and managing heritage values into an overall societal development goal (Vandesande, 2017). Challenges in the Cultural Heritage documentation field. Documentation needs in the field of cultural heritage preservation therefor are challenged by the complexity of the sources of information, by the need to integrate them in an holistic tool and by the way they are able to dialogue with society. 1. The proper analysis of heritage requires increasing efforts by the diversity of sources and the complexity of their interaction.This (complexity acknowledging) analysis should be linked to monitoring tools which eventually contribute to monitor culturalheritage values. This monitoring is also a documentation challenge as it has to be pertinent and dynamic. Analysis andmonitoring are important as they are the basis for understand threats that impact heritage values. 2. As resources for heritage development or heritage guided development can have a variety of origins, their documentation andanalysis –compared to the traditional curative object oriented preservation- should be extended to include many more possibleresources. Experiences exist with documentation of the physical environment of heritage sites but the upstream approachpoints toward a larger number of development resources that can be tapped into. This implies the need to identify newapproaches, to document them and to integrate them in a dynamic analytical process. 3. As preventive conservation focusses not only on the empowerment of the owners and managers but also on a betterintegration of a wider group of stakeholders, the question of ownership and continuous co-creation challenges thedocumentation process as well. 4. Longevity of documentation: the need for continuous updating and monitoring as part of the cyclic approach of PC challengesthe longevity, accessibility of the documentation itself and the tools that will use them in the future.

This comprehensive study aims to investigate the role of urban heritage authenticity in shaping citizen identity, with a specific focus on historic cities. By examining the relationship between the perceived authenticity of urban heritage and citizen identity, this research sheds light on the significance of authenticity in interpreting cities' historical evolution and identity. The study employs a three-dimensional measure of urban identity, encompassing cognitive, affective, and evaluative aspects, to establish a connection between urban identity and citizen participation in local initiatives through personal and social norms. To comprehensively explore the impact of city authenticity on citizen identity formation, the research utilises a combination of survey questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. Three prominent historic cities also serve as case studies: Kampung Kauman in Surakarta, Kampung Laweyan in Surakarta, and Kampung Trusmi in Cirebon. This study contributes to our comprehensive understanding of the role of urban heritage authenticity in shaping citizen identity. The research emphasises the significance of authenticity in interpreting the historical evolution and identity of cities, showcasing its influence on citizens' perceptions, engagement in local initiatives, and overall sense of place. The case studies are practical examples of how authenticity fosters community identity and cultural heritage preservation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for urban planners, policymakers, and community stakeholders, guiding their efforts to promote and preserve the authentic character of historic cities.

This study investigates the development of sustainable tourism in Desa Sawangan, a rural area in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, focusing on community empowerment, cultural heritage preservation, and infrastructure development. The problem addressed is the limited tourism growth in the region, primarily due to insufficient infrastructure, low local engagement, and challenges in preserving cultural heritage. Using a qualitative research approach, the study conducted interviews with local stakeholders, including community leaders, tourism managers, and tourists, to explore the key barriers and opportunities in tourism development. The main findings indicate that although Desa Sawangan possesses significant cultural and natural tourism potential, the lack of adequate infrastructure, local awareness, and effective collaboration among stakeholders hinder its growth. The study concludes that improving infrastructure, enhancing local community involvement, and fostering better collaboration between stakeholders are crucial for achieving sustainable tourism development in Desa Sawangan, ultimately benefiting both the local economy and cultural preservation.

Abstract: As a representative ethnos of the broader Turkic world in Central Asia, this study examines the historical development and modern identity of the Kazakh people. Tracing a trajectory from early Turkic empires and steppe nomadic traditions to the consolidation of the Kazakh Khanate and Soviet-era transformations, the research highlights the interplay of tribal genealogies, linguistic continuities, and Islamic influences particularly Sufi ethics in shaping Kazakh ethnogenesis. Drawing on historical texts, oral epics, and contemporary cultural practices, the paper positions Kazakhstan as both a historical heartland and a contemporary standard-bearer of Turkic civilisation. In the post-Soviet period, Kazakhstan has actively revitalized its Turkic and Islamic heritage through cultural diplomacy, digital platforms, and multilateral engagement with Turkic-speaking nations. The Kazakh identity, situated at the intersection of Kipchak ancestry, Sufi-Islamic tradition, and Eurasian geopolitics, demonstrates a dynamic continuity of Turkic civilisational identity through cultural memory, symbolic adaptation, and strategic reinvention. These findings not only deepen scholarly understanding of ethnogenesis and identity construction in Central Asia, but also underscore Kazakhstan’s evolving role in cultural diplomacy, heritage preservation, and regional nation-branding. Methodologically, this study demonstrates the value of integrating oral historiography with cultural diplomacy analysis in post-Soviet identity studies. The findings contribute to broader debates on post-Soviet nation-building, soft power strategy, and symbolic politics across the Turkic world. Abstrak: Sebagai etnis representatif dari dunia Turki yang lebih luas di Asia Tengah, studi ini menelaah perkembangan sejarah dan identitas modern bangsa Kazakh. Dengan menelusuri jalur dari kekaisaran awal Turki dan tradisi nomaden stepa hingga konsolidasi Kekhanan Kazakh dan transformasi era Soviet, penelitian ini menyoroti interaksi silsilah kesukuan, kesinambungan linguistik, dan pengaruh Islam—khususnya etika sufistik—dalam membentuk etnogenesis Kazakh. Berdasarkan teks sejarah, epos lisan, dan praktik budaya kontemporer, tulisan ini memposisikan Kazakhstan sebagai tanah air historis sekaligus pembawa standar peradaban Turki di era modern. Pada periode pasca-Soviet, Kazakhstan secara aktif merevitalisasi warisan Turki dan Islam melalui diplomasi budaya, platform digital, dan keterlibatan multilateral dengan negara-negara berbahasa Turki. Identitas Kazakh, yang berada di persimpangan antara leluhur Kipchak, tradisi Sufi-Islam, dan geopolitik Eurasia, memperlihatkan kesinambungan dinamis identitas peradaban Turki melalui memori budaya, adaptasi simbolik, dan reinvensi strategis. Temuan ini tidak hanya memperdalam pemahaman akademis tentang etnogenesis dan konstruksi identitas di Asia Tengah, tetapi juga menegaskan peran Kazakhstan yang terus berkembang dalam diplomasi budaya, pelestarian warisan, dan nation-branding regional. Secara metodologis, studi ini menunjukkan nilai integrasi historiografi lisan dengan analisis diplomasi budaya dalam kajian identitas pasca-Soviet. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada perdebatan lebih luas tentang pembangunan bangsa pasca-Soviet, strategi soft power, dan politik simbolik di dunia Turki.

Climate change is a global challenge and one of its major impacts is on flooding, which has become more unpredictable and destructive in both the UK and Thailand since the beginning of the 21st century. Designing with water (DWW) and natural-based solutions are emerging as some of the most important approaches for dealing with climate change and adaptation for a resilient future. Flooding is a natural phenomenon and in the UK, and Thailand, as in many other parts of the world, local communities over millennia have learnt to live and co-exist with seasonal inundation, and their tangible and intangible heritage and lifeways celebrate their relationship with water. However, in part to the increase in the frequency and severity of floods but also exacerbated by rapid urbanization and floodplain encroachment, has resulted in many nationally and internationally important heritage sites in Thailand being at increasing risk because of longer inundation periods during the rainy season. In addition, climate change has made flooding in Thailand more unpredictable and widespread. Fragmented planning and management in the cultural sector, particularly the lack of integration between regulatory organisations responsible for flood protection, is also a major problem. The study investigates several successful DWW case studies from the built environment that highlights good practice and international expertise that will help scholars and practitioners designing in flood pone regions to develop their knowledge and strategies. These cases present integrative whole system approaches, which put DWW and more natural-based solutions at the heart of their design strategies for climate adaptation front and centre of cultural heritage management and preservation. The paper presents a series of recommendations to turn flood threat into an opportunity to improve water resources and community resilience at regional and community.

Background: Tourism policies have a significant impact on the preservation, promotion, and overall performance of heritage sites for both domestic and international tourists. This review provides insights into the entities responsible for tourism policy formulation, the policy objective, and how the stated objectives are being realized while shedding light on their implications for sustainability, economic growth, and cultural preservation. The main objective of Nigeria's tourism policy is to protect and improve the nation's natural and cultural heritage. Many activities aimed at encouraging tourism development include planning, provision of infrastructure, taxation regime that supports tourism growth, education and training for tourism employees, marketing, legislation and regulation in order to protect and preserve tourist facilities as well as the country's natural resources, historical and cultural assets. The critical concern is the enforcement and effectiveness of regulations, specifically the probability of a policy successfully promoting sustainable and viable tourism development and management. Aims: This paper therefore investigates the influence of tourism policies on the performance of heritage sites in Nigeria and the need for policy review for improved performance of Nigerian heritage sites. Methodology: The qualitative research paradigm emerged from a comprehensive review of tourism policy literature in Nigeria. The examination of documents and research projects focused on various aspects of tourism policy planning and governance, policy formulation, policy objectives, and their implications for sustainability, economic growth, and natural/cultural heritage preservation. In the data analysis, the comprehensive review were presented with an interpretative narrative. Results: The findings revealed that Nigeria's tourism policy seeks to empower the tourism industry and position it as a key driver of economic growth, job creation, and cultural heritage preservation. However, the policy's ability to achieve its goals optimally has been significantly hampered by lack of relevant mechanisms to measure overall levels of compliance, overreliance on petroleum resources, poor planning, and inadequate participation of relevant stakeholders in policy formulation, implementation, and monitoring. Conclusion: Despite policies and frameworks, Nigeria's tourism sector, including cultural heritage sites, has failed to reach its goals, losing the economy numerous potential benefits. In order to address the current circumstances and ensure successful heritage site design, development, and management in Nigeria, there is an urgent need for revision of the country’s tourism policy objectives and adequate enforcement measures implemented to adapt to changing circumstances and priorities.