CAT(0) and cubulated Shephard groups

Surface subgroups of Coxeter and Artin groups

In this paper we consider the class of 2-dimensional Artin groups with connected, large type, triangle-free defining graphs (type CLTTF). We classify these groups up to isomorphism, and describe a generating set for the automorphism group of each such Artin group. In the case where the defining graph has no separating edge or vertex we show that the Artin group is not abstractly commensurable to any other CLTTF Artin group. If, moreover, the defining graph satisfies a further `vertex rigidity' condition, then the abstract commensurator group of the Artin group is isomorphic to its automorphism group and generated by inner automorphisms, graph automorphisms (induced from automorphisms of the defining graph), and the involution which maps each standard generator to its inverse. We observe that the techniques used here to study automorphisms carry over easily to the Coxeter group situation. We thus obtain a classification of the CLTTF type Coxeter groups up to isomorphism and a description of their automorphism groups analogous to that given for the Artin groups.

Artin and Coxeter groups are naturally occurring generalisations of the braid and symmetric groups respectively. However, unlike for Coxeter groups, many basic group theoretic questions remain unanswered for general Artin groups – most notably the K(\pi,1) -conjecture for Artin groups remains open except for certain special families of Artin groups. Recently, Artin groups have also appeared as groups acting on triangulated categories, where the associated spaces of Bridgeland’s stability conditions provide new realisations of the corresponding K(\pi,1) spaces. The aim of the workshop is to bring together experts and early career researchers from two seemingly different areas of research: (i) geometric and combinatorial group theory and topology, and (ii) triangulated categories and stability conditions, to explore their intersection via the K(\pi,1) -conjecture.

We show that bi-flat $F$-manifolds can be interpreted as natural geometrical structures encoding the almost duality for Frobenius manifolds without metric. Using this framework, we extend Dubrovin's duality between orbit spaces of Coxeter groups and Veselov's $\vee$-systems, to the orbit spaces of exceptional well-generated complex reflection groups of rank $2$ and $3$. On the Veselov's $\vee$-systems side, we provide a generalization of the notion of $\vee$-systems that gives rise to a dual connection which coincides with a Dunkl-Kohno-type connection associated with such groups. In particular, this allows us to treat on the same ground several different examples including Coxeter and Shephard groups. Remarkably, as a byproduct of our results, we prove that in some examples basic flat invariants are not uniquely defined. As far as we know, such a phenomenon has never been pointed out before.

Path positivity and infinite Coxeter groups

We give a conjectural classification of virtually cocompactly cubulated Artin–Tits groups (i.e., having a finite index subgroup acting geometrically on a CAT(0) cube complex), which we prove for all Artin–Tits groups of spherical type, FC type, or two-dimensional type. A particular case is that for $n \geqslant 4$, the $n$-strand braid group is not virtually cocompactly cubulated.

In this paper, we show that any Coxeter graph which defines a higher rank Coxeter group must have disjoint induced subgraphs each of which defines a hyperbolic or higher rank Coxeter group where the groups in question do not necessarily act cocompactly or cofinitely. We then use this result to demonstrate several classes of Coxeter graphs which define hyperbolic Coxeter groups and to produce structure theorems for hyperbolic Coxeter groups.

This chapter describes methods for computing explicit classifying spaces and free resolutions for a range of discrete groups. These are illustrated using computer examples involving: aspherical groups, graphs of groups, special linear groups, triangle groups, generalized triangle groups, Coxeter groups, Artin groups, and arithmetic groups.

Chapter 1. A classification of Curtis-Tits amalgams.- Chapter 2. The use of valuations for classifying point-line geometries.- Chapter 3. An outline of polar spaces: basics and advances.- Chapter 4. Embeddings of Line-grassmannians of Polar Spaces in Grassmann Varieties.- Chapter 5. Generation of Lie Incidence Geometries: A Survey.- Chapter 6. Witt-Type Theorems for Subspaces of Lie Geometries: A Survey.- Chapter 7. Embeddings of cotriangular spaces.- Chapter 8. Unipotent Overgroups in Simple Algebraic Groups.- Chapter 9. The axes of a Majorana representation of A12.- Chapter 10. GIT related problems of the flag variety for the action of a maximal torus.- Chapter 11. Characterizations of trialities of type Iid in buildings of type D4.- Chapter 12. On the isomorphism problem for Coxeter groups and related topics.- Chapter 13. Lectures on Artin groups and the K(pi 1) conjecture. Chapter 14. Algebraic codes and geometry of some classical generalized polygons.- Chapter 15. Some Weyl modules of the algebraic groups of type E_6.- Problem Set.

The Coxeter groups that act geometrically on eu- clidean space have long been classied and presentations for the irreducible ones are encoded in the well-known extended Dynkin diagrams. The corresponding Artin groups are called euclidean Artin groups and, despite what one might naively expect, most of them have remained fundamentally mysterious for more than forty years. Recently, my coauthors and I have resolved several long- standing conjectures about these groups, proving for the rst time that every irreducible euclidean Artin group is a torsion-free center- less group with a decidable word problem and a nite-dimensional classifying space. This article surveys our results and the tech- niques we use to prove them.

In this paper, given a split extension of an arbitrary Coxeter group by automorphisms of the Coxeter graph, we determine the involutions in that extension whose centralizer has finite index. Our result has applications to many problems such as the isomorphism problem of general Coxeter groups. In the argument, some properties of certain special elements and of the fixed-point subgroups by graph automorphisms in Coxeter groups, which are of independent interest, are also given.

Spherical and geodesic growth rates of right-angled Coxeter and Artin groups are Perron numbers

Two partial orders on a reflection group W, the codimension order and the prefix order, are together called the absolute order Abs(W) when they agree. We show that in this case the absolute order on a complex reflection group has the strong Sperner property, except possibly for the Coxeter group of type D n , for which this property is conjectural. The Sperner property had previously been established for the noncrossing partition lattice NC W [11, 13], a certain maximal interval in Abs(W), but not for the entire poset, except in the case of the symmetric group [8]. We also show that neither the codimension order nor the prefix order has the Sperner property for general complex reflection groups.

We prove that some classes of triangle-free Artin groups act properly on locally finite, finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes. In particular, this provides the first examples of Artin groups that are properly cubulated but cannot be cocompactly cubulated, even virtually. The existence of such a proper action has many interesting consequences for the group, notably the Haagerup property, and the Baum–Connes conjecture with coefficients.

In a series of previous papers, we studied sortable elements in finite Coxeter groups, and the related Cambrian fans. We applied sortable elements and Cambrian fans to the study of cluster algebras of finite type and the noncrossing partitions associated to Artin groups of finite type. In this paper, as the first step towards expanding these applications beyond finite type, we study sortable elements in a general Coxeter group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">W</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We supply uniform arguments which transform all previous finite-type proofs into uniform proofs (rather than type by type proofs), generalize many of the finite-type results and prove new and more refined results. The key tools in our proofs include a skew-symmetric form related to (a generalization of) the Euler form of quiver theory and the projection <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="pi Subscript down-arrow Superscript c"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi> π </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> ↓ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi _\downarrow ^c</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> mapping each element of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">W</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> to the unique maximal <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="c"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">c</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -sortable element below it in the weak order. The fibers of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="pi Subscript down-arrow Superscript c"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi> π </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> ↓ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi _\downarrow ^c</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> essentially define the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="c"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">c</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -Cambrian fan. The most fundamental results are, first, a precise statement of how sortable elements transform under (BGP) reflection functors and second, a precise description of the fibers of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="pi Subscript down-arrow Superscript c"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi> π </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> ↓ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi _\downarrow ^c</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . These fundamental results and others lead to further results on the lattice theory and geometry of Cambrian (semi)lattices and Cambrian fans.