CDC Dynamic durum wheat

CDC Precision durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain pigment and low grain cadmium. CDC Precision is resistant to prevalent races of leaf, stem and stripe rust, and common bunt and expresses end-use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) class.

Kharouf, Sh., Sh. Hamzeh and M.F. Azmeh. 2021. Races Identification of Wheat Rusts in Syria during the 2019 Growing Season. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 1-13. Wheat rust diseases, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe or yellow rust), P. triticina f. sp. tritici (leaf or brown rust) and P. graminis f. sp. tritici (stem or black rust) are important factors affecting both durum and bread wheat production in Syria. Considerable losses were caused by these diseases, especially stripe rust, estimated at more than one million metric tons, in the 2010 season, out of 5 million anticipated production. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and follow the movement of these three rust physiological races. In the 2019 growing season, 165 wheat fields were surveyed, and 312 samples were collected and characterized. Ten races of stripe rust were identified in ten locations, of which, four represent new record in Syria, namely the races 16E154, 69E150, 264E46 and 258E64. In addition, four races of leaf rust were identified in four locations, one of which (BKLP) is a new record in Syria. In addition, three previously recorded stem rust races were identified from three different locations. It should be mentioned that the newly recorded races of stripe rust are able to overcome resistance genes Yr1 and Yr5, on which the resistance of durum wheat cultivars such as "Cham3" depended, with a disease severity of 40S recorded in the same locations. It is also worth noting that the stripe rust race 462E128 (warrior) was not detected in the isolates studied. Likewise, the stem rust race Ug99 was also not identified, and because of the aggressiveness of this race, continuous inspection through field surveys accompanied with pathogenicity tests is essential during the coming seasons. Keywords: Stripe (yellow) rust, Leaf (brown) rust, stem (black) rust, race identification, wheat, Syria

CDC Credence durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain and pasta color and low grain cadmium. CDC Credence is resistant to leaf, stem, and stripe rusts and common bunt and demonstrated end-use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

There are numerous traits that soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars require to be successful in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. High yield potential, high grain volume weight, acceptable end‐use quality, winter hardiness, resistance to Cephalosporium stripe, and high falling number are just a few of the desired traits. Although many of these traits are driving factors toward releasing a new cultivar, two traits are essential if a cultivar is to be successful in the Pacific Northwest: stripe rust resistance and strawbreaker foot rot (eyespot) resistance. The objective of this research was to develop a SWW cultivar with improved resistance to current stripe rust races, that carries genes for strawbreaker foot rot resistance, is winter hardy, and has high yield potential in the intermediate (400–500 mm) and high (>500 mm) rainfall regions of eastern Washington. ‘Purl’ (Reg. no. CV‐1166, PI 691558) SWW wheat was developed and released in March 2018 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Purl was tested under the experimental designations MAS08019‐92‐1‐S‐s and WA8234, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Purl is a semi‐dwarf cultivar adapted to intermediate‐ to high‐rainfall wheat production regions of Washington. Purl has high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust, carries the Pch1 gene for strawbreaker foot rot, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has high test weight and grain yield potential. Purl has end‐use quality properties similar to those of ‘Stephens’, ‘Puma’, and ‘Madsen’ and is suitable for cookie, cake, and cracker production.

Fusarium head blight continues to be a threat to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the north‐central region of the United States. ‘Lang‐MN’ (Reg. no. CV‐1182, PI 687038) hard red spring wheat was released by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2017 because it combines the best available Fusarium head blight resistance with high grain yield, grain protein concentration, and good end‐use quality characteristics. Lang‐MN is a mid‐late maturity cultivar that also has acceptable lodging resistance despite its above average plant height owing to its lack of the semi‐dwarfing genes Rht‐B1 or Rht‐D1 but presence of Rht24. Lang‐MN has good resistance to the prevalent races of leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust and is well adapted to the north‐central United States.

Inheritance of partial leaf rust and stripe rust resistance of a Thatcher wheat 90RN2491, earlier reported to carry two doses of the gene pair Lr34-Yr18 and the reference line RL6058 (6*Thatcher/PI58548) for the Lr34-Yr18 gene pair was studied against predominant and highly virulent Indian races. Thatcher derivatives 90RN2491 and RL6058 were intercrossed as well as crossed with the leaf rust and stripe rust susceptible Indian cultivar WL711. The F1, F2 and F3 generations from these crosses were assessed for rust severity against leaf rust race 77-5 and stripe rust race 46S119. The F2 and F3 generations from the crosses of RL6058 and 90RN2491 with WL711, segregated 15 resistant : 1 susceptible (F2) and 7 homozygous resistant : 8 segregating : 1 homozygous susceptible (F3) ratios, respectively, both for leaf rust and stripe rust severity. Therefore, partial resistance against each of the leaf rust and stripe rust races in both RL6058 and 90RN2491 is ascribed to two independently inherited dominant genes. One of the two genes for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in 90RN2491 and RL6058 is Lr34 and the linked gene Yr18, respectively. The second leaf rust resistance gene in both the Thatcher lines segregated independently of stripe rust resistance. Therefore, it is not Lr34 and it remains unidentified.

Pozniak, C. J. 2013. CDC Desire durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1265–1270. CDC Desire durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain pigment and protein concentrations and low grain cadmium. CDC Desire is strong-strawed and is earlier maturing than all check cultivars. CDC Desire expresses disease resistance similar to the current check cultivars.

AAC Brandon hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grain yield and time to maturity within the range of the check cultivars: Katepwa, Laura, Lillian, Carberry, and CDC Kernen. AAC Brandon has an awned spike, a low lodging score indicative of strong straw, and a short plant stature typical of a semidwarf. AAC Brandon expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf, stem, and stripe rust, and moderate resistance to fusarium head blight and loose smut. Compared with the five Canada Western Red Spring check cultivars, AAC Brandon has improved flour yield and lower flower ash. AAC Brandon is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring.

McKenzie hard red spring wheat is the first doubled haploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar registered in Canada. Evaluation in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration tests from 1994 to 1996 was relative to Neepawa, Katepwa, Roblin and AC M ajestic. McKenzie displayed high grain yield, early maturity, high test weight and high Hagberg falling number. It had resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust, leaf rust, and common bunt, and exhibited intermediate resistance to Fusarium head bligh t. McKenzie is well adapted to all areas of the Canadian prairies and eligible for all grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Key words:

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most widespread diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Planting resistant cultivars has been constantly practiced for decades as the best strategy to defense against the variations of prevalent Pst races. The wheat line Sanshumai1 was developed from an interspecific hybridization of Haynaldia villosa (L) Schur. (2n = 2× = 14, VV)/Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (4n = 4× = 28, AABB)///Yanxiaomai. Sanshumai1 has all-stage resistance to most of known stripe rust races in China, including three widely virulent races CYR31, CYR32, and CYR33. To identify stripe rust resistance gene in this line, Sanshumai1 was crossed with the susceptible genotype, Mingxian169, and the F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were inoculated with Pst races under the controlled greenhouse conditions. The genetic results indicated that two stripe rust resistance genes in Sanshumai1, temporarily designated as YrS1 and YrS2, confer resistance to CYR31 and Su11–11, respectively. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) methodology, we identified five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and two expressed sequence tag-sequence tagged site (EST-STS) markers associated with YrS1 on the short arm of chromosome 3D. The genetic distances of the two closest flanking markers, namely Xcfd79 and Xwmc674, were 4.1 and 8.7 centiMorgans, respectively. In addition, we identified four SSR markers associated with YrS2 on the long arm of chromosome 4D. The genetic distances of the two closest flanking markers, namely Xcfd84 and Xgwm194, were 6.8 and 7.1 centiMorgans, respectively. Based on the chromosomal location, reaction patterns, and pedigree analysis, these two genes are likely novel resistance genes. These two genes and the flanking markers developed from this study are expected to be useful in pyramiding YrS1 and YrS2 with other Yr genes to develop wheat cultivars with high-level and durable resistance to stripe rust and may also benefit marker assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs.

High yield potential and the wide adaptability of wheat-rye T1BL·1RS translocation lines are attractive to breeders. The wheat-rye lines Lankao 1, 3, 4, and 5 were resistant to a wide spectrum of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) isolates from both China and Canada. They also were resistant to a mixture of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) pathotypes (98WSR) and wheat stripe rust (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici) races from western Canada and China. Colonization of wheat curl mite (WCM) (Aceria tosichella) resulted in slower development of rolling and trapping leaves in the Lankao lines than in the WCM-susceptible check cultivars. The delayed development of Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) symptoms on Lankao lines was observed when transmitted by viruliferous WCM, even though they were susceptible to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). This effect of Lankao lines on limiting the spread of WSM was comparable with other known sources of WCM resistance. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization analyses revealed the presence of a pair of T1BL·1RS translocated chromosomes in the Lankao lines. Segregation analysis of the F2 progeny plants derived from crosses between Lankao 4 and the susceptible wheat cvs. Mingxian 169 and Lovrin 13 indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for the isolate-specific resistance against wheat powdery mildew in Lankao 4. Polymerase chain reaction analysis using an STS marker amplified rye chromatin in powdery mildew-resistant and -susceptible F2 plants of the Mingxian 169 × Lankao 4 cross demonstrated that the resistance of Lankao 4 was not controlled by a gene or genes located on the rye chromosome arm of T1BL·1RS. The resistance of the Lankao lines to diseases and limitation of the spread of WSMV, in combination with good quality and high yield potential, makes them useful for wheat improvement and production.

Registration of ‘Clear White’ Wheat

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the common cropping system in the Vertisols of central India. High temperatures prevailing during the reproductive phase and leaf rust infection of the late-planted wheat crop affect the grain yield adversely. In the soybean–potato–wheat cropping system, which has recently become more popular, wheat is sown very late, so high temperature stress is a major concern. Understanding of the response of very late-sown durum and bread wheat to high temperature stress during grain filling will assist breeders in genotype improvement and development of best agronomic management practices for promotion of very late-sown wheat cultivation in the region. Information is lacking on the response of durum and bread wheat to leaf rust and heat stress under very late-sown situations. Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive spring (January to April) seasons, from 1996 to 1998, with 20 cultivars of durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori. and Paol.) wheat of timely and late-sown groups. The study objective was to: (i) identify durum and bread wheat cultivars suitable for very late planting in the newly established soybean–potato–wheat multiple cropping system; (ii) evaluate differential performance of durum and bread wheat under very late-sown conditions; and (iii) characterise plant traits associated with tolerance to heat stress during the grain filling period. Each year, all the cultivars were planted very late in January in lieu of normal sowing in mid-November. Compared with both the timely and late-sown groups of bread wheat cultivars, durum wheat produced an average 6% higher grain yield when sown very late. The 1000-grain weight was the most affected yield attribute under high temperature. Thus, under very late sown conditions, stable and high 1000-grain weight (45–55 g), and high harvest index (41–52%) contributed to the higher yield of durum wheat. Durum cultivar HI 8498 and bread wheat cultivars GW 173, HI 1418 and DL 788-2 of early to medium maturity and with high yields (>4.0 t/ha) and water use efficiency (12.7–14.8 kg/ha.mm) proved promising. Durum cultivars remained free from leaf rust infection, while significant yield reduction was recorded in susceptible bread wheat cultivars, particularly DL 803-3 and GW 190. This was due to severe rust infection during 1997–98, when widespread incidence of leaf rust occurred in the region. Therefore, contrary to the popular belief, late planted durum wheat may be successfully grown in the soybean–potato–wheat cropping system in central India.

Separation of Touching Grain Kernels in an Image by Ellipse Fitting Algorithm

AAC Camrose, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stripe, and stem rust, Fusarium head blight (FHB) and common bunt. Based on 33 station-years of registration trial data from 2020 to 2022, the grain yield of AAC Camrose was 5% higher than AAC Foray and 11% over AAC Penhold. AAC Camrose was significantly shorter than AAC Foray, had straw strength similar to AAC Penhold and maturity was one day later than AAC Foray. AAC Camrose had similar test weight and protein concentration but lower thousand kernel weight as compared to AAC Foray. AAC Camrose had milling and baking quality suitable for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.