Chapter 1 - Networking, Security, and the Firewall

Chapter 9 - Layer 8: The People Layer

Borrowing the open system interconnection (OSI) model of internet protocol and the 5W theory in communication studies, the links in the international communication of acupuncture-moxibustion can be classified into seven layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer, therefore it is built an OSI model of international communication system of acupuncture-moxibustion. It is pointed out that present international communication system of acupuncture-moxibustion is similar to the user datagram protocol (UDP) in internet technology. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) plays a key role to modernize acupuncture- moxibustion theory based upon its clinical effects. According to phenomenon-taking by classified analogy, it is found that the PICO model of EBM agrees pretty well with the "three-way handshakes" mechanism of the internet transmission control protocol (TCP), which is promising to construct an international discourse of acupuncture-moxibustion compatible with western medicine. Thus it will benefit to explore the scientific connotation of acupuncture-moxibustion theory and significantly improve the international prestige of acupuncture-moxibustion.

Chapter 7 - Domain 7: Telecommunications and Network Security

The management architecture of an optical local area network is presented based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The layer-management architecture for the four lower layers of the OSI model is presented and the special interfaces of the systems-management application process to the node environment are given. Also, the fault and configuration management is presented. A functional block diagram of the lower-layers management which, is still under development, is given and the primitives of the statistics-management protocol are defined, along with the parameters of the four lower layers, which are monitored by the distributed monitoring functions. >

Chapter 7 - Internetworks and Network Layer Concepts and Components

In this paper, real time performances of process level networks based on IEC61850 SCSM (Specific Communication Service Mapping) Model are analyzed. IEC61850 SCSM Model which is different from Ethernet OSI (Open System Interconnect) Model of Ethernet is introduced by IEC61850. Firstly, dominating factors of real time performances of process level networks are studied. Then IEC61850 SCSM Model is amplified in detail by comparing OSI Model and how to build a IEC61850 SCSM Model with OPNET Modeler software is interpreted. The paper architects the modeling of IEC61850 SCSM using OPNET Modeler software, studies the real-time performances of process level networks based on IEC61850 SCSM model, and analyses the real time capacity of adopting different network structures and different transmission strategies in the process level networks based on IEC61850 SCSM model.

Network enterprise management often is considered complex and difficult. A layered model, based on the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model, can be used to characterize the enterprise management of the US Air Force (AF) networks and applications. The layered model consists of seven layers. The top three layers characterize the applications and services, while the lower four layers characterize the communication. The enterprise management objectives and functions are systematically identified and analyzed based on these characteristics. Analysis results are documented, and recommendations for making management functions easier using the layered model are shown. Finally, the technologies for and allocation of management functions at each management tier under the AF Operationalizing and Professionalizing the Network (O/PTN) initiative are recommended.

2 - Telecommunication basics

: This essay examines the dramatic changes made in the use of personal computers in civilian universities, and explores the concept of educational computing. The author presents the idea of an educational computing model and its application in the USAWC. Department of Defense Policy, and Army Information Management Regulations are discussed where applicable. Finally, the author presents some recommendations based on: known fiscal constraints, an analysis of the present computer system at the USAWC, and on lessons learned in business and civilian universities. Keywords: Communications and standards; Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model; Remote interconnection.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is well-known for its poor performance over wireless networks. The main reason is the unstable condition of wireless networks. Previous attempts to improve TCP performance have been centered on techniques such as queue management, congestion window adjustment, delayed acknowledgement, and etc., because lower layers are hidden in the layered Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. With cross layer techniques, more precise data can be retrieved from lower layers for network condition estimation. In this paper, we analyze and model the factors that affect the TCP throughput in the lower layers. Consequently, to solve the TCP optimization problem, we formulate TCP performance as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). An extensive set of simulation experiments has been performed on NS-2 in order to illustrate that TCP performance can be enhanced by cooperatively adjusting lower layer factors.

Cross-layer design is a highly significant method of maximizing ad hoc network performance. Optimization may be made more challenging in particular situations with traditional tiered designs due to the possibility of a large gap between the stages. This may create throughput, latency and energy consumption issues. In that regard, this paper will critically review 69 articles published since 2002 based on cross-layer techniques in ad hoc networks. We consider the use of the combinations of the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, its purpose, and the methodology to be applied. Secondly, we employ an algorithm known as Frequent Pattern Growth (FPG) to analyze the frequency of various sets of layers that are chosen and optimize the sets. Our proposal introduces a new goal-based categorization model that identifies 10 overarching issues that are resolved by cross-layer solutions that comprise MIMO and beamforming, routing optimization, cooperative transmission, random access, resource reservation and multi-layer joint optimization.

Chapter 4 - Data Link Control Standards

Optimal design of IPsec-based virtual private networks (VPN), in general, depends on multiple factors and parame- ters, such as the VPN's architectural model, hardware and software setups and the technical platform solutions, network topo- logy models, modes of the tunnel's operation, levels of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, encryption/decryption algorithms, modes of cipher operation, security protocols, security associations and key management techniques, connectivity modes, parameters of security algorithms, computer architectures, the number of tunnels in the VPN, and other factors. This paper presents an innovative approach to using methods of linear programming with risks to solve a multi objective optimiza- tion problem of VPN design. In particular, it describes the proposed conceptual VPN design model, VPN information security space, index of effectiveness for multi objective optimization, a new classification of scales, a system-based approach to risks and mathematical modeling of a risk, a hierarchy of scripts and a theorem of description of passwords, VPN design optimization process and particular procedures, sets of legal and illegal VPN design methods, and a VPN design optimization algorithm based on multi objective optimization by linear programming with risks models. The proposed and developed VPN design optimization algorithm was tested by developing specific VPN design methods for various types of VPN users.

Recent advances in Internet technology have led to the concept of networked product development. This includes geographically separated teams, co-located over wide area networks for the design, manufacture and marketing of products. Such a distributed environment consists of humans, software and manufacturing machines. Previous research in networked product development assumed that all manufacturing facilities were already networked and remotely accessible, and excluded the non-networked machines. This paper presents a human-centred methodology for virtual integration of stand-alone facilities into a networked environment. The methodology is based on a modified Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and has been realised through a hybrid architecture which includes stand-alone machines, humans and software agents. A laboratory-based experiment was carried out to validate the integration methodology for a stand-alone injection moulding machine. The role of humans in the integration process at different stages of the experiment has been analysed. Results suggest that virtual integration of stand-alone facilities into a networked environment is both feasible and practical. However, the effectiveness of the integration methodology to solve real world industry problems will need further investigation. The main implication of this research is that humans will continue to play an indispensable role in the evolution towards a global manufacturing environment in terms of flexibility and reusability of legacy based and modern manufacturing facilities.

Chapter 15 - Router Forensics and Network Forensics