ChemSystemsChem – On the Up and Up

Shining a Spotlight on Photochemistry

Editorial

Introduction Art libraries are more likely than any other branch or special-subject libraries to maintain protected or limited access separate collections within their boundaries, known professionally as ‘special collections’ (Carter and Whittaker, 2015, 354). The reasons such distinctions are necessary are as varied as art libraries themselves. Because scholars in the discipline of art and art history study material culture, the object rendering the information itself can engender a separate meaning from the textual aspect. Much of art's literature becomes an object of study and appreciation in itself. A second reason for maintaining restricted collections is that a good deal of art documentation is still limited to physical print (often for reasons of intellectual property rights control) and these printed materials are the only form of dissemination; this unique form can become hard to replace. Books become special because of their lack of availability or cost. A third reason for maintaining restricted collections is user-driven: artists value the object qua object and digital surrogates do not satisfy that aesthetic experience. Though few of these criteria would qualify these titles for transfer into a standalone special collection, this material falls under the whimsical library sobriquet of ‘medium rare’: housed in a restricted section of the art library. In the age of digital surrogacy and laptop delivery, the criteria for these special collections are both fast changing and long standing (Barker, 2009). As the cost of storing, cataloguing and conserving special material becomes higher than for open-stack or digital literature, art librarians as well as their administrators necessarily need to examine the question, ‘just how special is special?’ What can or should constitute an art-subject special collection in 21st-century librarianship? Art libraries fall under three broad genres, a classification based more on their constituencies than their material content: academic, museum, and art or design school libraries. The organization and mission of the special collection within each of these library types fluctuates with the identity of the library. For example, art museum libraries can in one sense be considered standalone special collections in themselves: they are noncirculating and object-based; their items are frequently catalogued descriptively more than in other art collections; and they often supervise their readers.

Previous articleNext article No AccessPossible Readjustments by the ScholarLouis GottschalkLouis Gottschalk Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Library Quarterly Volume 23, Number 3Jul., 1953 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/618000 Views: 1Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Heinrich Honsell, Horst Baumann, Roland Beckmann, Reinhard Dallmayr, Heinrich Dörner, Michael Gruber, Friedrich Harrer, Knut Hohlfeld, Thomas Honsell, Michael Hübsch, Andreas Riedler, Wulf-Henning Roth, Martin Schauer, Hans-Peter Schwintowski, Ansgar Staudinger, Wolfgang Voit Lebensversicherung, (Jan 1999): 1965–2102.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58367-4_15Mary Biggs Sources of Tension and Conflict Between Librarians and Faculty, The Journal of Higher Education 52, no.22 (Nov 2016): 182–201.https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1981.11780131

To the Editor: Cochrane Rehabilitation is proud to announce that the Cochrane Library has published on October 21 a new special collection from its series on COVID-19 (https://www.cochrane.org/coronavirus-covid-19-resources/special-collections) titled “Coronavirus (COVID-19): evidence relevant to clinical rehabilitation” (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/special-collection-rehabilitation-covid19). This series is highly relevant for the rehabilitation community, because it exposes our field to the wide generalist readership of the Cochrane Library and, in doing so, is highlighting rehabilitation’s importance to COVID-19 management. Cochrane is the main international body collecting the best evidence in all fields of medicine, and the methodological quality of the Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) is considered the criterion standard.1 The scientific importance of the Cochrane Library is shown by its growing bibliometric data with an impact factor of 7.890, with 67.763 total citations in 2019. The COVID-19 special collections received 385,389 visits in 8 mos, constantly growing from March to August 2020. Ten months after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, it seems clear that the hospitalization period constitutes only a part of the story. Since the start, the World Health Organization underlined rehabilitation’s primary role in the COVID-19 emergency’s health management, which involves focusing on the overall functioning of the whole person and considering other potential consequences beside the ones strictly linked to the disease (https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/clinical-management-of-covid-19; https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52035). In April 2020, Cochrane Rehabilitation started the REH-COVER (Rehabilitation–COVID-19 Evidence-based Response) action (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/resources/cochrane-rehabilitation-versus-covid-19), which has produced to date two editions of a rapid systematic review2,3 on the current available evidence (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/covid-19/reh-cover-rapid-living-systematic-reviews), with a regular monthly update, and an interactive living evidence mapping platform (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/covid-19/reh-cover-interactive-living-evidence). This work has also been supported by an international multiprofessional steering committee (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/resources/reh-cover-action/international-multiprofessional-steering-committee). The collaboration with the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Program has allowed us to define specific research questions for COVID-19 and rehabilitation (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/covid-19/priorities-research-defined-collaboration-who-rehabilitation-programme) and to identify some disorders that are relevant to the possible sequelae of COVID-19 and its acute management protocols. These include the following: acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary restrictive syndrome, postintensive care syndrome, postextubation swallowing disorders, multiple organ failure and shock, and posttraumatic stress disorder in the context of rehabilitation. These disorders served as the basis for the production of the special collection, which focused on the evidence “relevant” to both COVID-19 and rehabilitation and not on the evidence coming from specific studies on COVID-19 sequelae. The production of the special collection followed a specific (and innovative) methodology (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/special-collection-rehabilitation-covid19) to identify all the listed disorders with the exclusion of posttraumatic stress disorder, which was managed by the Cochrane Mental Health and Neurosciences Network (https://mhn.cochrane.org/), with the final choice of CSRs performed in consultation. A systematic search of all CSRs on the identified topics was carried out, retrieving 25 CSRs dealing with acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary restrictive syndrome and 14 dealing with postintensive care syndrome. We found no reviews about rehabilitation on postextubation swallowing disorders and multiple organ failure and shock. These areas are now prioritized by Cochrane. To produce the final list of the seven CSRs that were added to the four CSRs on posttraumatic stress disorder, we structured a prioritization process involving all of our stakeholders from the Cochrane Rehabilitation Advisory Board (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/about-and-contacts/advisory-board), the Executive Committee (https://rehabilitation.cochrane.org/about-and-contacts/executive-committee), and the REH-COVER Steering Committee. The final collection now includes 11 CSRs and a further 5 CSRs that have been prioritized for future production. The World Health Organization’s “Rehabilitation 2030: A Call for Action” initiative pushes for an increased awareness of the growing importance of rehabilitation in provision of care (https://www.who.int/rehabilitation/rehab-2030/en/). The COVID-19 pandemic as well as programs such as the Cochrane Rehabilitation REH-COVER action may offer a unique opportunity toward achieving this goal. This special collection also shows that Cochrane recognizes these needs. Stefano Negrini, MD Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences University “La Statale” Milan, Italy Laboratory of Evidence-Based Rehabilitation IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi Milan, ItalyChiara Arienti, PhD IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Milan, ItalyValerio Iannicelli, PT IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi Milan, ItalyStefano Giuseppe Lazzarini, PTMichele Patrini, MD IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Milan, ItalyCarlotte Kiekens, MD Spinal Unit Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute Imola, Italy

Recognising our community as we head towards JEB's centenary in 2023.

It is a great honor and humbling experience for me to assume my position as the tenth editor of the Quarterly or Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (JMCQ), the flagship journal of Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC). First, I would like to thank my predecessor, Dan Riffe, who served JMCQ for the past fourteen years, for his mentorship when I was associate editor for the journal, and for his tremendous help during the transition. With my team of associate editors, David Atkin, Hong Cheng, Carolyn Kitch, Wilson Lowrey, and book review editor, Ron Rodgers, and the support of the AEJMC Publications Committee, I hope we can take JMCQ to a new height in this highly competitive academic journal publishing landscape with a plethora of communication journals, either in open access or subscription formats. Our new editorial advisory board members, who are accomplished scholars from across the globe, will add more international perspectives in our review process and help further globalize the impact of the journal with more geographical, institutional, and ethnic diversity.Print and Online PresencesI began my official term as the new editor by asking our readers and media scholars about their views of the journal through a readership survey. I am thankful to the 1,142 respondents who participated in the survey. The survey results revealed that among AEJMC member respondents, only 18.4% JMCQ exclusively online, while 69% either the print issue or both print and online versions. Based on the survey data, an article on the concern of journal impact factor and how media scholars' attributes affected the rating of JMCQ is included in this issue for our readers' reference.I would like to cultivate a regular reading habit of our print issue readers by our new regular features in each issue and let them know what to anticipate in every issue (see the new features of the journal below). AEJMC members will receive an electronic Table of Contents with links to article abstracts for every upcoming issue of JMCQ. To increase our online presence and fully utilize the JMCQ website and other social media, we will disseminate all accepted submissions as fast as we can as OnlineFirst articles on the JMCQ website at http://jmcq.sagepub.com/ and tweet about them on my official JMCQ Twitter account @LouisaHaJMCQ. Our JMCQ readers and authors who are on Twitter are strongly encouraged to follow it and retweet the postings. In addition, JMCQ website users will be able to find our read and cited articles based on our Hitwise online data and find answers to our most commonly asked questions.New Features of JMCQ1. Review essays by senior scholarsThere are several new regular features in JMCQ, beginning this issue. There will be a regular review essay of a major theoretical or methodological topic written by senior scholars in every issue. These essays are commissioned and blind-refereed by two or three senior scholars in the field. As a leader in the field, we hope to provide standards, best practices, and state-of-the-art reviews on these topics as a crash course for junior scholars and a refresher course for senior scholars. The first review essay this year is former associate editor and current editorial board member JeffSmith's review of media history articles. The choice is deliberate. JMCQ values both quantitative and qualitative research. Because of the change to American Psychological Association (APA) style, some may think JMCQ is discouraging qualitative or historical research. Jeff's essay helps both history researchers and nonhistory researchers to understand the contemporary implication of historical research and explains the standards for high-quality historical research for publication in our journal.2. Virtual theme collectionsThe second important new feature is our virtual theme collections of past JMCQ articles online. JMCQ, with its ninety years of history and as a prestigious flagship journal, has contributed many important pieces of scholarship on a wide variety of areas for our field. …

Editor’s Introduction Louisa Smith Anyone conducting research in children’s literature knows the value of special collections. Most of these collections bear the names of their originators—Baldwin, Kerlan, de Grummond, Rosenbach, Renier, Porter, Opie, Osborne, Cotsen. These are people who, for the most part, had the insight to acquire materials that others considered insignificant and then locate libraries and institutions that were willing to take their collections and make them available for scholars’ use. My introduction to special collections was the Kerlan Collection at the University of Minnesota when I was encouraged by two history professors who saw the value of untapped materials in the collection. It was like walking into Aladdin’s cave. Besides the books, I found manuscripts and rough drafts, original artwork, illustrators’ dummies, letters, photographs. The inception of an addiction. The world of bibliomania opened. Over the years it has only gotten worse—or better—depending on one’s perspective. In addition to my research that has taken me to Canada, Britain, and collections in the United States, I am also driven by the thrill of seeing original work such as the Ezra Jack Keats illustrations at the de Grummond Collection in Mississippi. Printing hardly does his work justice. I offer this special issue as a tribute to those individual people whose persistence and perseverance have given us those jewels, those collections. For many it involved a lifetime’s work haunting bookstores, searching flea markets, writing to authors and illustrators, and committing resources, both financial and personal. With this issue, we only scratch the surface. One has only to examine Dolores Blythe Jones’s helpful book, Special Collections in Children’s Literature: An International Directory, published by the American Library Association in 1995, to see the proliferation of collections. As researchers know, half the battle is fought just discovering the location of materials—often an artist’s work is found in several locations. In the case of someone such as Lois Lenski, this is intentional; she wanted her materials readily available for teachers to use with their students. In this issue curators and researchers open the doors to show us the person behind the collection. George Bodmer introduces us to one of the first collectors of children’s books, A. S. W. Rosenbach, whose Early American Children’s Books, published in 1933, is still the reference used [End Page v] to cite early children’s books. Rita Smith, curator of the Baldwin Collection in Florida, gives us a personal memory of that indefatigable collector, Ruth Baldwin. Interestingly, both Baldwin and Lena de Grummond were faculty members at Louisiana State University. The de Grummond collection is presented by Anne Lundin, former assistant curator of the collection, who is now at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Karen Hoyle and Tessa Chester, whose names are practically synonymous with their respective collections, the Kerlan and the Renier, discuss Dr. Irving Kerlan and Ferdnand and Anne Renier. The Lenski Collection at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, differs from her other collections by being composed primarily of American children’s chapbooks that Lenski acquired prior to her work on historical children’s figures. Emilie Mills, retired special collection librarian, gives us insight into Lenski’s collection. Clare Bradford and Alida Allison demonstrate how a scholar could use special collections: Bradford at the Pound Collection in the State Library of Victoria, Australia, and Allison at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas, Austin. Finally, Martha Rasmussen, who for ten years has published Martha’s Kidlit Newsletter, a newsletter for collectors of children’s books, provides us with background on her work with collectors of today who may be the names on collections of the future. Throughout the curators’ articles, the reader will note several reoccurring themes: no collection is blessed with an overabundance of staff, so researchers will need to be patient in seeking materials. Cataloging is time-consuming and with the electronic means now available, transferring and entering materials is ongoing but will make collections more accessible. Finally, storage and maintenance take funds, so support is welcome. With the escalation of prices for first edition books and original illustration, materials are beyond the resources of...

A New Era

The special section on "New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part II" includes eight articles contributed by the current editorial advisory board (EAB) members of Drug Metabolism and Disposition (DMD) and other significant contributors to the field (Table 1 ). This special section is a part of the 50th Anniversary Celebration Collection. Nine other articles were published in Part I in October 2023 (Zhong et al., 2023) . Together, these articles provide updates on new and emerging developments in concepts and technologies in the field of drug metabolism and disposition. Hydrolases are a group of enzymes that break chemical bonds by reactions with water. The natural functions of most hydrolases are digestive, to break down nutrients into smaller units for absorption. However, hydrolases also play a crucial role in metabolizing numerous clinically important drugs. Dr. Haojie Zhu (an EAB member) and members of his group provide a comprehensive review article (Jung and Zhu, 2024) that discusses how genetic polymorphisms and nongenetic regulators can affect hydrolases' expression and activity, consequently influencing the exposure and clinical outcomes of hydrolase substrate drugs. The information helps readers to better understand the regulation of hydrolases for refining therapeutic regimens, ultimately enhancing the efficacy and safety of drugs metabolized by the enzymes. A paper by Dr. Bhagwat Prasad (another EAB member) and his colleagues describes a quantitative proteomic approach that uses optimized sequence coverage-informed total protein to quantify the abundance and compositions of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in pooled human liver, intestine, and kidney microsomes (Singh et al., 2024) . Quantitative differences of the DMETs can be revealed in the liver, intestine, and kidney samples. Furthermore, the individual variability of some drug-metabolizing enzymes was visualized in the intestine samples. The described approach is applicable for the prediction of first-pass metabolism and tissue-specific drug clearance. Cellular and biological functions in both the nuclei and cytoplasm often occur in specific subcellular regions defined by a biophysical process called liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). During LLPS, biomacromolecules aggregate and condense into dense liquid condensates that coexist with a dilute phase. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor, which plays a critical role in hepatic physiological and pathological processes and has specific subcellular localization in cytoplasm and nuclei after activation by its agonist ligands. In a research article, Dr. Huichang Bi, an EAB member, and her colleagues demonstrate that PXR does not undergo LLPS after activation by an agonist or under hyperosmotic stress in the nucleus (Zhao et al., 2024) . This finding may stimulate more research focusing on the molecular events involved in the transition of PXR from cytoplasm to nuclei after activation by its agonist ligands. Therapeutic peptides are relatively new entities, which are oligomers or short polymers of amino acids used to treat human diseases. Like small molecule drugs, therapeutic peptides have the potential to cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs). At present, there are no guidelines for DDI assessment of therapeutic peptides. Existing in vitro methods recommended for assessing small molecule DDIs do not appear to translate well for peptide drugs, complicating drug development for these modalities. In a research article, Dr. Rune Aa Nørgaard and colleagues (Nørgaard et al., 2023) describe sophisticated cellular systems that could potentially be used as more clinically relevant tools for the in vitro DDI evaluation of therapeutic peptides. A detailed characterization of the pharmacokinetic properties of a candidate drug involves a quantitative assessment of the regional distribution of the parent drug and potential metabolites in the target organ in the context of tissue histology. In a research article, Dr. Feng Xie (an EAB member) and her team (Xie et al., 2023) describe an integrated imaging approach to meet such requirements. The approach utilizes MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), immunohistochemistry, and histology to address the question of target exposure at the cellular level. Their results demonstrate the potential of utilizing MALDI IMS for measuring not only drug distribution and exposure in target organs, but also drug metabolism and elimination in a single suite of experiments. An article contributed by Dr. Bradley L. Urquhart, an EAB member, provides a comprehensive overview of the recent development in pharmacometabolomics (Trevor et al., 2024) . Pharmacometabolomics is an emerging approach to identify metabolites that can be used for the implementation of precision medicine in pharmacotherapy. The article discusses several relevant examples where metabolomic techniques have been used to better understand drug efficacy and toxicity in major depressive disorders and cancer chemotherapy. The article also provides an overview of the utility of metabolomics in drug development and for understanding drug metabolism, transport, and pharmacokinetics.

Catalysis: The Technology Enabler for New, Low Carbon Energy Technologies

25 years of molecular mechanisms

As we embark on a new year, it seems appropriate to pause and assess how the journal Particle & Particle Systems Characterization (hereafter referred to as Particle) has grown since its launch as a multidisciplinary, materials-science-focused journal at the start of 2013. From the outset, we intended to cover a broad spectrum of topics in the journal, ranging from the synthesis and characterization of particles to the application of these particles in areas such as biomedicine, catalysis, environmental science, micro/nano-electromechanical applications, micro/nano-fluidics, molecular electronics, photonics, sensing, and other areas. A quick look at the word cloud (Figure 1) generated from the keywords of all articles published in 2013 and 2014 shows that we are accomplishing our initial aim of producing a multidisciplinary journal that serves various communities. Naturally, after two years of submissions to the journal we were curious to see the origin of the manuscripts that we publish. In Figure 2, we present an overview of publications per region. While citations to published papers are by no means the only measure to assess the impact of work, they can provide some indication as to the importance and urgency of the results presented in a particular field of research—assuming that authors cite work that is of high relevance to their own ongoing research endeavours. At this point, it is worth reminding readers that in order for the references to Particle to be correctly recorded (for example, in CrossRef, Pubmed, or ISI Web of Knowledge), the correct Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) abbreviation—Part. Part. Syst. Charact.—must be used for citations. Deviations of this standard abbreviation result in incorrect bibliographic information, making it more difficult for our readers/your fellow researchers to discover your published work. Table 1 provides a list of the highest cited articles published in 2013. We are pleased with the range of topics presented, which, judging by the level of manuscript submissions to the journal and the positive feedback we receive when talking to researchers, appeals to the journal's broad readership. In the relatively short history of Particle, we have benefited greatly from the support of our Editorial Advisory Board and Executive Board members and the broader academic community. Through a number of collaborations, we have to date published three special issues (Figure 3) on Remotely Controlled Colloids, Interfaces, and Biosystems (guest editors: Gleb Sukhorukov, Igor Luzinov, and Sergiy Minko), The Basque Country regional special issue (guest editor: Luis M. Liz-Marzán), and Particles for Healthcare Applications (guest editors: Bin Liu, Xiaohu Gao, and Lanry Lin Yue Yung). One milestone of note for Particle and one of its sister journals, Advanced Optical Materials (also published first issue in Jan. 2013) was the attainment of the journal's first immediacy index, which was announced in July 2014. The immediacy index for Particle is 0.805 and that for Advanced Optical Materials is 0.867. The Immediacy Index—calculated each year by Thomson Reuters ISI—is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. It indicates the topicality and urgency of work published in a scientific journal. These are excellent results that reflect the high-quality of work published in the first year of both journals. Particle and Advanced Optical Materials will obtain their first partial impact factors in June 2015. Other journals in the Advanced Materials journal family are shown in Figure 4. Our newest additions, Advanced Science and Advanced Electronic Materials, are now open for submissions. A concise overview of all the journals in the Advanced Materials family (such as journal scope, editorial board members, editorial contact details, keywords, and sample published articles) can be found here: http://www.wiley-vch.de/journals/booklets/AMjournalfamily/. In conclusion, we would like most sincerely to thank: our editorial advisory board and executive board members to whom we are indebted for their continued support; our ever-expanding database of referees, who give their time to provide their expert opinion on work, enabling us to publish manuscripts of the highest standard; and last but by no means least to our authors, who entrust their best work to our journal. The editorial team is looking forward to a continued collaboration as the journal grows in the coming years. To be alerted of articles as soon as they are published, you can follow the Early View section on our Wiley Online Library homepage (www.particle-journal.com) and/or follow us on Twitter.

Dataset Management as a Special Collection

Special collections held in a number of university libraries and archives, especially those from the colonial period in Nigeria (1861–1960), remain restricted to avoid debates that may arise from these sensitive ethno-religious, economic, and political information contents. This article explores the use of visualizations to promote the collection of Sudan United Mission to its potential users. Significant datasets from this collection’s box list were identified, gathered, cleaned, and analyzed. Five visualizations created from these datasets were used to describe this special collection beyond its box list. This article concludes that potential users could gain insight into this collection and be able to raise scholarly questions through these visualizations. It suggests that professionals handling special collections should learn decoloniality methods and be more creative when presenting potentially sensitive political and ethno-religious issues.