Childrenʼs consent

Capacity and competence in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry are complex issues, because of the many different influences that are involved in how children and adolescents make treatment decisions within the setting of mental health. This article will examine some of the influences which must be considered, namely: developmental aspects, the paradoxical relationship between the need for autonomy and participation and the capacity of children, family psychiatry, and the duty of care towards children and adolescents. The legal frameworks relevant to consideration of consent and competence will be briefly considered, as well as some studies of children's consent, participation and competence. A case vignette will be used as a focus to consider the complexity of the issue of competence in child and adolescent psychiatry, in the particular mental disorder of anorexia nervosa.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Supported Employment Program for Persons With Long-Term Mental Illness in Hong Kong

Listening and responding? Children's participation in health care within England ANITA FRANKLIN AND PATRICIA SLOPER Social Policy Research Unit, University of York Introduction This article examines recent health policy developments in England in relation to children's rights under Article 12 and 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). It draws on practice and research litera- ture to explore evidence regarding: children's participation both within deci- sions about their own care and concerning the development of health services, their access to mechanisms that allow them a voice, the provision of and need for accessible information,

This article examines recent health policy developments in England in relation to children's rights under Article 12 and 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). It draws on practice and research literature to explore evidence regarding: children's participation both within decisions about their own care and concerning the development of health services, their access to mechanisms that allow them a voice, the provision of and need for accessible information, and factors which prevent or facilitate children's participation. The paper does not explore in detail issues concerning children's consent or competence to participate.

To identify the views of health professionals working in childhood cancer on seeking consent to tissue banking from potential donors. Self-completion questionnaires sent to 553 UK paediatric oncology health professionals. The response rate was 60%. Respondents (100%) were in favour of using tissue samples from children with cancer for research. A substantial minority (30%) had concerns about the impact of the law on their professional role in relation to tissue banking. Almost all (90%) reported that both the parent(s) and the child, if able, should be asked for consent, though the UK Human Tissue Act provides that a competent child's consent is sufficient. Most (94%) supported 'generic' rather than 'specific' consent. Barriers to obtaining consent included: (1) timing of the approach to families; (2) availability of suitable staff; (3) sensitivity of the issues; (4) difficulties of managing the process; and (5) problems of maintaining a paper trail. Many would welcome training on seeking consent. Personal knowledge and relationships with families are often seen as important in guiding the proper approach to consent rather than formalized rules. There is widespread support among health professionals for tissue banking in childhood cancer. In sensitive situations, disciplined exercise of professional discretion might better deliver on aspirations for regulation than rigid procedures.

Guidelines are provided for doctors where a parent or guardian tries to override an otherwise legally competent child's consent to a surgical operation by refusing to provide the assistance required by the Children's Act. Consideration is given to whether an otherwise legally competent child is competent to consent to a surgical operation when this can be overridden by their parent or guardian, and the legal position regarding informed consent by a child to the surgical termination of her pregnancy.

In the last years, Information and Communication Technology has increasingly offered solutions in the field of psychology and mental health. Internet-based psychological interventions, apps, solutions based on social media have been suggested as tools to be used with the usual psychotherapy interventions, or in some cases, in substitution to them. Many of these are based on cognitive behavioral therapy (which by its nature is easily transferable into digital format) and fall into the category of digital therapeutics. On the other hand, tele-psychiatry, an area in strong expansion (also justified by the need to continue providing care to patients in this period of covid-19 which has prevented, or severely limited, face-to-face meetings), seems to improve the access to specialized mental health care, reduce delays in care, reduce stigma and promote greater patient attention. There is evidence that comes from randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis and that demonstrates the efficacy of these tools in managing and preventing episodes of depression, anxiety and addictions. For other mental health disorders further confirmation is needed. In this context, it is therefore necessary to make greater use of randomized clinical trials with an adequate number of patients recruited, with a sufficient observation period and with easily measurable endpoints.

Science linking environmental contaminant exposures with fertility and reproductive health impacts in the adult male

While generative artificial intelligence (AI) may lead to technological advances in the mental health field, it poses safety risks for mental health service consumers. Furthermore, clinicians and healthcare systems must attend to safety and ethical considerations prior to deploying these AI-mental health technologies. To ensure the responsible deployment of AI-mental health applications, a principled method for evaluating and reporting on AI-mental health applications is needed. We conducted a narrative review of existing frameworks and criteria (from the mental health, healthcare, and AI fields) relevant to the evaluation of AI-mental health applications. We provide a summary and analysis of these frameworks, with a particular emphasis on the unique needs of the AI-mental health intersection. Existing frameworks contain areas of convergence (e.g., frequent emphasis on safety, privacy/confidentiality, effectiveness, and equity) that are relevant to the evaluation of AI-mental health applications. However, current frameworks are insufficiently tailored to unique considerations for AI and mental health. To address this need, we introduce the Readiness Evaluation for AI-Mental Health Deployment and Implementation (READI) framework for mental health applications. The READI framework comprises considerations of Safety, Privacy/Confidentiality, Equity, Effectiveness, Engagement, and Implementation. The READI framework outlines key criteria for assessing the readiness of AI-mental health applications for clinical deployment, offering a structured approach for evaluating these technologies and reporting findings.

Background: This paper draws on existing literature across the fields of community music and health promotion to map the potential for participatory music practices to support health and well-being outcomes for asylum seekers and refugees across contexts of conflict, liminality and refuge. As such, the paper provides a foundation for future empirical work in the field of music and health for asylum seekers and refugees. Methods: The paper reports on the outcomes of a “scoping” literature review of the benefits of participatory music-making across three different contexts: “conflict” settings, refugee camps and resettlement settings. Results: The scoping review provided a new synthesis of existing knowledge and empirical work on the health and well-being outcomes of participatory music for asylum seekers and refugees across contexts. In particular, the review highlighted the different roles that music can have in people's lives as they move away from home countries towards resettlement settings. Conclusions: When coupled with broader evidence from the fields of health and well-being research, growing empirical research on music and well-being for asylum seekers provides a strong foundation for both further research and investment in music (and the arts more generally) as a key positive social and cultural determinant of health for this group.

It is rather amazing that in 1971, the United States does not have a comprehensive health policy or national health plan. Our advanced science and technology have not taken root on a broad basis in the health field. Yet categorical planning has been done in several fields of health ever since the enactment of the Social Security Act in 1935. Planning was initiated in the fields of maternal and child health and crippled children by the federal Children's Bureau. This article gives some examples of both categorical and general approaches to health planning, how they came into being, and what planning concepts and processes were developed and used. These examples may be of some value to planners who have to employ categorical approaches—largely pragmatic—pending the time that comprehensive national health planning becomes feasible. The categorical areas chosen for discussion are: (a) health facilities, (b) heart, cancer, stroke, and kidney disease (Regional Medical Programs), (c) mental health, and (d) American Indian health. The general area includes comprehensive health planning. Following the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935, personal and environmental health services have been fragmented into a number of pieces. In 1971, utter confusion reigns in the federal and state structure and functions of health. Hopefully, the Congress may soon realize that a national system of health services is essential to provide 205 million people with the quality and distribution of services—without financial barriers—that $70 billion dollars a year should buy. Certainly the experiences gained with the categorical approaches to health planning can be of value to governmental leaders and their advisers as they prepare comprehensive health policies and national health plans for the 1970s.

Digitalization – is one of the most promising trends of the healthcare system transformation, including mental health care. Telemedicine opportunities allow to improve health care system, to resolve the problem of the qualified specialist’s deficit and provide the remote territories with appropriate medical care, it also provides education possibilities for the mental health specialists from all over Russia offering continual training opportunities. Digital technologies can help substantially improve the science data collection in the field of mental health, remote access ensures patient enrollment from the different regions of the country, it allows to make the measures in the typical patient’s environment, data accumulated with the help of digital assistants open the new possibilities in the study of mental disorders. Digital behavior and behavior in the digital environment became the new research objectives in the field of mental health. Problem internet use with the behavior addiction development is in the research focus of the researchers aimed to elaborate early intervention and prevention programs. The use of the computerized programs, gamification, VR and mobile apps possibilities should become the essential part of the medical care provision in the field of mental health with the hybrid models implementation where the patient will have the option to choose individualized treatment program with the optimal ratio between digital and classic treatments options. Digital technologies should take their place in the prevention and mental health sustenance in the nearest future.

This essay offers a theoretical reflection emerging from the a u thors’ qualitative empirical studies examining ethical practice and mental health care in Canadian forensic psychiatric settings. Forensic psychiatry is a specialized area of psychiatry LUI!Ling the fields of mental health, law, and criminology. Forensic psychiatry implies the use of (para)medical psychiatric knowledge or ‘opinion’ concerning patients who have legal issues. According to the American Academy of PsychiaLry and the Law, forensic psychiatry involves ‘’civil, criminal, correctional, regulatory or legislative matters, and ... specialized clinical consultations in areas such as risk assessment or employmenL’ (AAPL 2005). While Lhe AAPL’s eLhics guidelines acknowledge the ‘special hazards’ and ‘potential for unintended bias’ in the practice of forensic psychiatry—particularly in the courtroom — the Academy urges its members Lo ‘minimize such hazards’ and to ‘strive’ to reach an ‘objective opinion’ (AAPL 2005). Our research focuses on the clinical use of forensic psychiatry within correctional facilities, where it is applied to a cap Live population of inmaLes who have been diagnosed with a mental disorder linked, in some respects, to their incarceration.

Intersex people's perspectives on affirming healthcare practices: A qualitative study

Egodistónico: Una Revisión en Busca de Definiciones