Chip-mounted dielectric resonator antenna with alignment and testing features

In this paper, a novel millimeter-wave silicon-based broadband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed, and the influences of the silicon’s resistivity on the DRA and patch antenna are analyzed and compared. Based on the microsystem integration technology, a silicon-based DRA fed by a rectangular slot etched on the glass substrate is designed. The antenna operates in the millimeter-wave band. Its -10 dB impedance bandwidth is 18.5% (46.5-56 GHz), with a maximum in-band gain of 6.44dBi and a 3-dB gain fluctuation bandwidth of 14.7% (46.5-53.9 GHz). By comparing and analyzing the influences of different resistivity of the silicon on the performance of DRA and patch antenna, it is found that silicon-based DRA has relatively lower requirements on silicon resistivity. In addition, compared with the same size of silicon-based patch antenna, the operating bandwidth and realized gain of the proposed DRA have obvious advantages. The design of this paper lays a foundation for the application of on-chip silicon-based dielectric resonators.

Millimeter-wave band-pass filters using spherical dielectric resonators are presented. The dielectric spheres are sandwiched between metal plates and are excited by a simple microstrip line structure on a thin-film circuit board. As such, these filters could also be implemented in the back-end-of-line layers of an integrated circuit. A single resonator, based on a diameter 0.6 mm alumina ceramic sphere, is shown to resonate with high unloaded Q-factor of 750 at 170 GHz. A three-sphere band-pass filter is measured showing <5 dB insertion loss and 0.4% bandwidth at 170 GHz. A concept for mechanically tuning of a two-sphere band-pass filter is demonstrated for a filter operating around 105 GHz. The measured filter shows approximately 5 dB insertion loss and <0.5% bandwidth and its passband can be varied over 3 GHz of frequency, or 3%. Technological challenges are discussed.

This paper presents 130 GHz on-chip dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) arrays using a standard CMOS technology. The half-mode cavity feeding structure is used to excite the dominant and higher-order modes (TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">δ11</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">δ13</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> ) of the dielectric resonators (DRs) in the antenna design. The 2 × 1 and 4 × 1 arrays have been both investigated with the proposed antenna element. The 2 × 1 arrays with TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">δ11</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> mode and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">δ13</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> mode DRs achieve the measured peak gain of 6.3 dBi and 7 dBi at 134 GHz, respectively. The 4 × 1 arrays have also been demonstrated to be 7 dBi gain with TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">δ11</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> mode DR and 8.2 dBi gain with TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">δ13</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> mode DR. Moreover, the arrays have the 3-dB gain bandwidth of ~ 10%. In the silicon-based on-chip antenna array design, the suitable number of array elements is 2 to 4. More array elements would not increase the gain obviously while occupying lager chip area.

The results of an experimental study of the electric field near a dielectric resonance sphere located at the open end of a rectangular waveguide or in the near zone are presented. The field distributions at the resonance frequencies of reflection and transmission and far from resonance are studied. The results are compared with the case of an unloaded waveguide radiator.

A novel millimeter-wave (MMW) hybrid isolator is presented to reduce the mutual-coupling (MC) between two closely-spaced dielectric resonators (DR) antennas at 60 GHz. The proposed hybrid isolator consists of a combination of a new uni-planar compact electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure and an MMW choke absorber. The design of the proposed EBG unit-cell is based on the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique. The results show that the proposed EBG structure provides a wide frequency bandgap in the 60 GHz band with miniaturization factors of 0.79 and 0.66 compared to conventional uni-planar EBG and uni-planar compact (UC-EBG) structures, respectively. The proposed EBG is then placed between two Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) DR antennas to reduce the MC level. As a result, an average of 7 dB level reduction is obtained. To further reduce the MC level, a thin MMW choke absorber wall is mounted vertically between the two DR antennas and above the EBG structure. An average of 22 dB MC reduction is achieved over the suggested bandwidth while maintaining good radiation characteristics. The measured isolation of the prototype antenna varies from -29 to -49 dB in the frequency range from 59.3 to 64.8 GHz. In fact, the proposed hybrid isolator outperforms other hybrid isolation techniques reported in the literature.

The eigenmode expansion method is used to evaluate the resonant frequency of a probe fed cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) antenna, which radiates above an infinite conducting ground plane. A parallel grounded conducting plane is added above the DR, thus allowing the use of cylindrical harmonic field expansions in the regions between the two parallel ground planes. The eigenmode expansion coefficients are found by enforcing the boundary conditions at conducting surfaces and regional interfaces. Then, from the induced currents on the probe surface, the input impedance and the resonant frequency of the DR antenna are evaluated. The results are compared with those of a previous configuration which has no upper ground plane. It is found that the deviation of the calculated resonant frequency is less than 2% for epsilon εr>9.

Now an attention is given to spherical dielectric resonator with a whispering gallery modes that have large values of the polar n and azimuthal m indices.The paper object is the electrodynamical study of forced modes in spherical dielectric resonator that is excited by an azimuthally periodical electrical current flowed along circle in equatorial plane of sphere. In this paper, a spherical dielectric resonator with a radius r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ο</sub> is considered.

A new omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) is excited by four open-ended logarithmic spiral slots in the ground plane. Radiated E θ and E φ components are obtained from the TM 01δ mode of the DR and the slotted ground plane, respectively. Omnidirectional CP fields can be obtained when E θ and E φ are equal in magnitude but different in phase by 90°. This CP technique does not require any special shape or treatment of DR, greatly facilitating the design. To demonstrate the idea, a prototype using a glass DR was fabricated. It is a dual-function DRA that also serves as the cover of light sources. The prototype has a measured bandwidth of ~6.2%, covering the entire 2.4-GHz WLAN band.

ABSTRACTThe design and implementation of a six‐port MIMO dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) featuring diverse radiation patterns for wireless applications has been rendered in this article. The antenna structure is organized as a coplanar waveguide (CPW), fed three cylindrical DRs installed on the upper and lower sides of the substrate to achieve diverse radiation patterns. The proclaimed MIMO antenna exhibits a measured working frequency spectrum from 5.16 to 6.04 GHz (fractional bandwidth = 15.74%) with an isolation exceeding −27 dB at the resonance frequency. The antenna is characterized by its high isolation due to the spatial positioning of DRs at each side on the modified ground plane of the FR‐4 substrate and pattern diversity, which allows the antenna to maintain its MIMO performance parameters like envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL) necessary for the MIMO antenna system within optimal limits. The closeness between simulated and experimental results makes the proclaimed antenna suitable for sub‐6 GHz WLAN (5.15–5.925GHz), 5G (n46), and wireless fidelity (Wi‐Fi) supported IoT applications.

In this paper, a novel nine elements array dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. The DRA was excited by a microstrip feeder with a rectangular aperture coupled slots. The slot positions were determined based on the characteristic of standing wave ratio over a short ended microstrip. The measured gain of the array DRA operating at 5.84 GHz was about 10 dBi having impedance bandwidth of 60MHz. The proposed DRA exhibits an enhancement of the gain in comparison with a single pellet DRA. The size of the whole antenna structure is about 60 mm× 40mm and potentially can be used in wireless systems.

In this article, a hybrid microstrip fed dual-cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (dual-CDRA) has been proposed for the sub-6 GHz band application with a wide circular polarization band. The proposed hybrid microstrip feed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna utilizes an S-shaped microstrip feed line to excite fundamental HE11δ like mode and hybrid mode in dual-CDRAs. The presented antenna structures are acting as monopole antenna separately with 48.75% (3.88-6.38 GHz) bandwidth whereas both radiators called dual-CDRAs enhances the bandwidth up to 93.06% (2.16-5.92 GHz) in addition with an axial ratio bandwidth of 15.2% (3.52-4.1 GHz). The proposed antenna is applicable for WiMAX (3.4-3.69 GHz), and WLAN application of 802.11d and 8.02.11e IEEE standard. For validation of simulated results, an antenna prototype has been fabricated and experimentally verified. A good agreement between simulation and measured results are obtained. The simulation results have been carried out by using Ansys HFSS 14.0 version software.

A novel compact ultra-wideband (UWB) printed monopole loaded with a dielectric resonator (DR) antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a microstrip fed monopole printed on a substrate with a truncated ground plane loaded with a DR. The bandwidth is enhanced by making an inner groove inside the DR and controlling the slot width of the truncated ground.

This paper presents a 270 GHz × 9 multiplier chain with on-chip dielectric-resonator antenna (DRA) developed in a commercial 0.1- μ m GaAs pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor technology with cutoff frequencies $f_{{\rm{T}}}\, / f_{{\rm{MAX}}}$ of 130/180 GHz. The multiplier integrates a W-band tripler followed by a driver amplifier, a J-band tripler, and an on-chip antenna. The multiplier breakout achieves a measured peak output power of –4 dBm at 270 GHz and a 3-dB bandwidth of 40 GHz (from 255 to 295 GHz). By introducing the high-pass matching network into the multiplier design, the in-band unwanted harmonic suppression is improved to be over 40 dBc within the entire bandwidth. The higher order mode (TE δ 13 mode) dielectric resonator is introduced in the on-chip antenna design to enhance the antenna gain and bandwidth without additional chip area consumption. The multiplier chain with the on-chip DRA has a measured EIRP of +2 dBm at 270 GHz and a 3-dB bandwidth of 33 GHz (from 258 to 291 GHz). Compared with other J-band multipliers, this paper achieves the best spurious suppression and comparable output power while using the technology with the lowest cutoff frequencies.

In this paper, a slot coupled wideband circularly polarized cylindrical ring dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been presented. Circular polarization in DRA is generated using slot coupling excited with microstrip feed. Proposed design antenna shows −10 dB input impedance bandwidth of 13.15% and in broadside direction 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 10.00%. In addition, proposed antenna shows HEM 12δ mode, stable gain, radiation efficiency and offers right hand circular polarization.

In this work, a single band dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operating in the 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi band has been proposed for radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) purposes. A cylindrical dielectric resonator made up of Rogers TMM10i™ material having a dielectric constant of 9.8 has been chosen for enhancing the antenna radiation. The radius and height of DR respectively are 10mm and 7mm. The proposed DR is placed over a 1.6mm thick FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4. The substrate dimension of 60mm×50mm×1.6mm is chosen for designing the antenna. Microstrip feeding is chosen for excitation purposes. A dumbbell-shaped slot is introduced into the ground plane helps in obtaining the desired resonance. The proposed antenna is compact that provides better impedance matching and impedance bandwidth performances. A special property such as the omnidirectional behavior of the proposed antenna helps in receiving ambient energy over all of its directions. Thus, it is suitable for RFEH purposes.