CL-MHAD: Contrastive Learning-based Multi-Hypergraph Aggregation and Diffusion model for prescription recommendation.

Liver cirrhosis is the terminal stage of various acute and chronic liver diseases and ranks 11th among the most common causes of death worldwide. In recent years, with the progress of clinical research, there has been increasing support from evidence-based medicine for the treatment of liver cirrhosis with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In 2023, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, the China Association of Chinese Medicine, and the Chinese Medical Association jointly released the first evidence-based guideline in this field, the Guidelines for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis. By combining the latest research at home and abroad, this article provides a detailed interpretation of the highlights in the guideline, including traditional Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis, diagnostic progress, disease and syndrome combination, stage-based diagnostic mode, and treatment strategies of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The aim is to enhance understanding of this guideline among health workers and promote the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

The analysis of disease spectrum of traditional Chinese medicine of outpatient visitor to the contracted family doctor in Shenzhen community health centers

Effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

To examine the literature on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used in the treatment, prevention and supportive care in patients with COVID-19. A narrative review was performed. A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted on both Chinese and English electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, PsycINFO. Articles published from 1 December 2019 -1 April 2020 were included in this review. Studies reporting on the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 using TCM regardless of study designs were included. In addition, grey literatures, including media reports on Chinese government websites or official media websites and treatment guidelines were searched for TCM treatment and prevention on COVID-19. Limited research has been published on the use of TCM for COVID-19. We qualitatively described and synthesized the published research and current clinical practice on the use of TCM for COVID-19, and focused on the following areas: TCM treatment used in SARS, MERS, H1N1; TCM treatment plan for COVID-19; TCM in Prevention and Treatment at Early Stage of COVID-19; TCM emotional therapy; and personalized TCM treatment plan. The combination of western medicine and TCM in treatment, and treatment based on the local condition, isolation, personal protective measures are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Relevant laboratory research and clinical evaluation should be continued to collect scientific evidences on the efficacy of TCM. TCM has been used in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in China, and the clinical evidences indicated that TCM regulates immunity and exerts anti-viral effect simultaneously. This review provides practical recommendation for the policymakers in the selection process of the treatment and preventive measures for the global pandemic of COVID-19.

Tongue imaging in traditional Chinese medicine is one of the important indicators for diagnosis, and its research has become a hot topic in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, with the continuous development of computer technology, more and more research has applied computer technology to the analysis and diagnosis of tongue image classification in traditional Chinese medicine, which is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. The research on the classification of tongue images is also of great importance. This article reviews the current status and existing problems of tongue image research.

Pulse-taking is widely used for diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and protein complexes in serum perform various biological functions. The Balanced constitution is one of the major constitutions in TCM, people with Balanced constitution can also share some common characteristics with unbalanced constitution types. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) was applied to the serum of 25 people with balanced constitutions. The patterns of the protein complexes could be recognized according to the number, molecular weight, and intensity of the gel bands. All of the individual bands from these patterns were cut and in-gel-digested with trypsin, followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis for protein identification and biological function analysis. The protein complex patterns were roughly categorized as type A and B with high stability and reproducibility, and there were 15 and 16 gel bands in type A and type B, respectively. Among the 25 serum samples, 14 belonged to type A, and 11 belonged to type B. High-abundance proteins significantly decreased from 99% to 44% after BN-PAGE separation. The unique proteins in type A were mainly related to lipid metabolism, while the unique proteins in type B were involved in biological processes related to immune response and inflammatory regulation. The Qi-deficiency constitution converted score of type A was higher than that of type B, while the Damp-heat constitution converted score of type A was lower than that of type B. Our study provided an objective reference for diagnosis and prognosis, which might lay a foundation for establishing the characteristic protein complex spectra of all of the TCM constitutions.

With the completion of the human genome project, people have gradually recognized that the functions of the biological system are fulfilled through network-type interaction between genes, proteins and small molecules, while complex diseases are caused by the imbalance of biological processes due to a number of gene expression disorders. These have contributed to the rise of the concept of the "multi-target" drug discovery. Treatment and diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine are based on holism and syndrome differentiation. At the molecular level, traditional Chinese medicine is characterized by multi-component and multi-target prescriptions, which is expected to provide a reference for the development of multi-target drugs. This paper reviews the application of network biology in traditional Chinese medicine in six aspects, in expectation to provide a reference to the modernized study of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective analysis of human pulse based on traditional Chinese medicine pulse matrix

As an important traditional culture in China, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) not only represents the characteristics of Chinese medical science, but also highlights the advantages of independent innovation. In recent years, the rapid growth of TCM medical record data has accelerated the digitalization and informatization of medical information. The traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment platform is often trapped in the dilemma of high data reading and storage delay and inability to effectively visualize the data in big data processing, and its computing efficiency and system practicability cannot be significantly improved. A distributed collaborative Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment platform is proposed in this paper, which is controlled by the STM32F407 series microcontroller, supplemented by ADS1292 module to measure ECG signal and TFTLCD LCD display. In the platform, the data is transmitted to the system server through WIFI module, and the MySQL technology combined with java is used to develop the system web side. The doctor can consult with the patient face to face and view the patient's condition in real time through the web terminal. The collected ECG signal is displayed on the consultation interface through the pulse rate and the recovered pulse rate graph. Through the measurement of the module and the interaction on the web side, this paper can better simulate the "look", "smell", "ask" and "cut" way of diagnosis and treatment. The paper is able to simulate the "look", "smell", "ask" and "cut" methods of diagnosis and treatment, and realise remote Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment.

In this paper, starting from the study of the evidence knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine decision-making, the authors analyze the difficulties imposing restrictions on the integration and sharing of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment decision-making information, propose the main direction of medical information platform intelligent development lies in the mathematical modeling and integrated visualization study of diagnosis and treatment decision-making information, and also specifically introduce the key problems in the study of the integrated visualization of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment decision-making information in combination with the diagnosis and treatment practice of traditional Chinese medicine doctors, clinical guidelines, integrated diagnosis and treatment standards visualization, and dynamic feedback of advantageous treatment effect. Thus, this paper provides a new idea for the researches of the modeling of traditional Chinese medicine decision-making information. That is, from the perspective of the methodology research, a systematic theory framework suitable for the inheritance of original thinking of traditional Chinese medicine can be explored; from the perspective of science and technology, the comprehensively integrated approach from qualitative to quantitative can be used for optimizing and integrating traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment information, expert experience, and patients’ diagnosis and treatment information. Thus, the information barriers among hospitals, scientific research institutions, and higher learning schools in different areas can be broken, and the interaction and sharing of diagnosis and treatment decision-making information are achieved in a real sense ultimately.

Efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a systematic review

In view of the problem of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is introduced to the diagnosis and evaluation of the clinical effect of hepatitis. A new diagnosis and evaluation model of the TCM clinical effect standard was presented. The old disputed evaluation model by subjective analysis can be displaced by this objective method in its evaluation system. The foundation of this method is the fuzzy diagnosis model. This method has been realized to diagnose hepatitis and its values in practice has been validated through examples of clinical syndromes of post-hepatitic cirrhosis.

The recent surge in large language models (LLMs) across various fields has yet to be fully realized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study aims to bridge this gap by developing a large language model tailored to TCM knowledge, enhancing its performance and accuracy in clinical reasoning tasks such as diagnosis, treatment, and prescription recommendations. This study harnessed a wide array of TCM data resources, including TCM ancient books, textbooks, and clinical data, to create 3 key datasets: the TCM Pre-trained Dataset, the Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine (TCPM) Question Answering Dataset, and the Spleen and Stomach Herbal Prescription Recommendation Dataset. These datasets underpinned the development of the Lingdan Pre-trained LLM and 2 specialized models: the Lingdan-TCPM-Chat Model, which uses a Chain-of-Thought process for symptom analysis and TCPM recommendation, and a Lingdan Prescription Recommendation model (Lingdan-PR) that proposes herbal prescriptions based on electronic medical records. The Lingdan-TCPM-Chat and the Lingdan-PR Model, fine-tuned on the Lingdan Pre-trained LLM, demonstrated state-of-the art performances for the tasks of TCM clinical knowledge answering and herbal prescription recommendation. Notably, Lingdan-PR outperformed all state-of-the-art baseline models, achieving an improvement of 18.39% in the Top@20 F1-score compared with the best baseline. This study marks a pivotal step in merging advanced LLMs with TCM, showcasing the potential of artificial intelligence to help improve clinical decision-making of medical diagnostics and treatment strategies. The success of the Lingdan Pre-trained LLM and its derivative models, Lingdan-TCPM-Chat and Lingdan-PR, not only revolutionizes TCM practices but also opens new avenues for the application of artificial intelligence in other specialized medical fields. Our project is available at https://github.com/TCMAI-BJTU/LingdanLLM.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: The study aimed to reveal the distribution characteristics of COVID-19 TCM syndrome types and syndrome elements and the law of TCM treatment and medication. Methods: The TCM diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 and clinical research data were obtained through network retrieval, and Revman 5.3 and SPSS 23.0 were employed to analyze the composition of TCM syndromes and the situation of TCMs in meta and frequency. Results: The top three TCM syndromes of COVID-19 included damp-heat accumulation in the lung pattern, damp abundance due to spleen deficiency, and epidemic toxin invading the lung pattern, while the syndrome elements were dampness, heat, and toxin. Gypsum fibrosum, Pogostemonis herba, and Armeniacae semen were identified as the commonly used drugs. Different syndrome elements were identified at lung disease location: Forsythiae fructus, Glycyrrhizae radix, and Armeniacae semen can be used for “wind;” Glycyrrhizae radix, Armeniacae semen, and Scutellariae radix can be used for “Heat;” Armeniacae semen, Sheng Gypsum fibrosum, and Ephedrae herba can be used for “Toxin;” Ephedrae herba, Armeniacae semen, and Atractylodis rhizome can be used for “Damp;” Magnoliae officinalis Cortex, Ephedrae herba, and Zingiberis Rhizoma recens can be used for “cold;” and Armeniacae semen, Gypsum fibrosum, Ephedrae herba, and Lepidii/Descurainiae semen can be used for “epidemic.” Conclusion: The establishment of a treatment scheme based on the classification of disease syndrome elements should be considered for sudden infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. Pogostemonis herba, Armeniacae semen, Gypsum fibrosum, and Glycyrrhizae radix should be considered as effective drugs from TCM for the treatment of COVID-19.

Introduction: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a complementary and alternative medical system which has been included in the eleventh revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). Ample evidence shows TCM is effective for the treatment of various intractable and chronic diseases. Objective: To share experiences in the use of TCM in the treatment for intractable and chronic diseases. Methodology: This is a case series report of four intractable chronic diseases successfully treated with acupuncture and food therapy based on TCM diagnosis. Results: Case 1 is a 26-year-old female with chronic intractable constipation. TCM diagnosis was dual deficiency of heart Qi and blood pattern (ICD-11: SF62). Treatment by acupuncture and TCM food therapy relieved the constipation in one month. Case 2 is a 60-year-old male with progressive diabetic nephropathy. TCM diagnosis was dampness-heat encumbering the spleen system pattern (ICD-11: SF78). Treatment by acupuncture and TCM food therapy decreased the blood glycosylated haemoglobin and creatinine concentrations. Case 3 is a 38-year-old male with chronic intractable hemorrhoids. TCM diagnosis was spleen Qi sinking pattern (ICD-11: SF71). Treatment by TCM food therapy relieved the hemorrhoids in two months. Case 4 is a female with progressive dyspnea after recovering from COVID-19 a year prior. One session of TEAS effectively relieved severe dyspnea. No adverse effects were reported by all the patients. Conclusion: TCM is a safe, simple, and effective treatment for various intractable chronic diseases.