Classifying harmful children's content using affective analysis

Can ratings of temperament be a way of identifying young children with intellectual disabilities (ID) who are at risk for being experienced as difficult? We aimed to explore parents' reports of temperament in their young children with or without ID, as well as positive and negative impact of the child on parents. Mothers and fathers of 55 children recently diagnosed with ID and 183 age-matched typically developing (TD) children completed the EASI Temperamental Survey and two scales of the Family Impact Questionnaire measuring positive and negative impact of the child on parents. Parents rated children with mixed ID/DD (developmental delay) as shyer and more impulsive, and less active and sociable when compared with TD children. Children with mixed ID/DD were also reported to have more negative and less positive impact on the family compared with the TD group. In subgroup analyses, children with Down syndrome and cerebral palsy/motor impairment were described as having less negative impact on parents and were described as low in negative emotionality. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ID/DD nos and other less common diagnoses had a similar pattern of temperament with high emotionality, shyness and impulsivity, and low activity and sociability. Parents of children with ASD and ID/DD reported the highest level of negative impact. Temperamental characteristics such as high negative emotionality and impulsivity, which can be identified earlier than behavioural problems, could be indicators of negative impact on parents of young children with ID. Despite great variability in temperament among children with mixed ID/DD, results indicated common temperamental characteristics among children with ASD, ID/DD and other diagnosis.

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of export diversification on economic growth in Nigeria. Annual time series data on GDP per capita, Theil export diversification index, gross fixed capital formation (for domestic investment), exchange rate and openness of the economy were the variables collected for the analysis for the period 1980-2017. Dummy variable for democracy was also constructed to test for the impact of governance on economic growth in Nigeria. To estimate the data, Autoregressive Distributed lag model, applying bounds test was adopted. The empirical results show that export diversification has positive but insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria both in the short run and long run. Similarly, domestic investment has positive impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. However, its impact is significant only in the short run. Exchange rate has negative impact on economic growth in the short run but its impact in the long run is positive, showing instability in the exchange rate movements in Nigeria. Openness of the economy has negative impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. However, its impact is significant only in the long run. Democracy dummy has positive but insignificant impact on economic growth both in the e short run and long run. Based on the findings,, it is recommended that the earnings from the oil sector should be channeled to the development of non-oil sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing in order to diversify the export base of the economy.

With this study, it is aimed to examine the metaphorical perceptions of the teachers participating in the research regarding the concept of "online shopping" during the pandemic period. In the literature review we conducted, no metaphorical research was found to determine the perceptions of teachers about the concept of online shopping of any person or institution. A total of 138 teachers, who are the teachers of our school as a participant group, constitute the research. The teachers participating in the research were asked to complete the statement "Online shopping is like/similar to………… because……" in order to reach the findings regarding the teachers' use of online shopping during the pandemic period and the metaphors they have regarding the concept of online shopping, through an online form. Of the 138 teachers participating in our research, 131 of the questionnaire forms were evaluated; The metaphors produced by the teachers for the concept of online shopping were first categorized under 2 main headings as positive metaphors about online shopping and negative metaphors about online shopping, and after this categorization, positive metaphors about online shopping were divided into 6 different categories; Negative metaphors were grouped into 3 different categories. According to the results of the research, 70.2 of the metaphors used by teachers for online shopping were in the positive category and 29.8 in the negative category. In the positive metaphor category, food, poetry, friend, need; In the negative category, it was seen that the themes such as swamp, closed box, poison, laziness were emphasized. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained at the end of the study. The process of analyzing and interpreting data; It was carried out in five stages: (1) coding and elimination stage, (2) metaphor identification stage, (3) category development and classification stage, (4) validity and reliability stage, and (5) transferring the data to the SPSS package program for quantitative data analysis. After the findings obtained from the research were categorized, they were also evaluated in terms of gender, age and professional experience variables; It has been observed that a total of 9 metaphorical categories, positive and negative, created by teachers regarding the concept of "online shopping" during the pandemic period differ in terms of these variables.

The purpose of the reseach was to determine the effect of public satisfaction on public services at PT.Jasa Raharja as the represent of Surabaya which was mediated by the perception of the insurance constitution (UU no 33 and 34 of 1964). This is a type of comparative causal research using a quantitative approach, using primary data supported by a questionnaire tool with public respondents in the management of insurance services, in this case the heirs/families of accident victims in making claims for compensation to PT Jasa Raharja as the represent of Surabaya.The population in this reseach cannot be determined (Infinite Population). so that way the sampling method used Nonprobability Sampling which is a sampling technique by not providing the same opportunity for each element or member of the population to be selected as a sample, with a set sample of 52 respondents who during data collection they carried out the management of compensation at least 2 times. the questionnaire as an instrument was processed using the SEM approach of Warp PLS 6.0.The result of reseach showed service quality, trustment, had a positive impact on the level of satisfaction of the people who used the services of PT Jasa Raharja as the Represent of Surabaya, but the responsibility for using the services had a negative impact on the level of public satisfaction, service quality and trust in mediating perceptions of insurance constitution policies. has a positive and significant impact on the level of public satisfaction, while the responsibility mediated by the perception of the insurance constitution policy has a negative and significant impact on the level of public satisfaction.Recently, it was found that the level of public satisfaction with accident insurance services at PT Jasa Raharja as the Represent of Surabaya depends on the behavior of company employees in providing services.

The joint effects of choice assortment and regulatory focus on choice behavior

Indonesia is the country with the largest oil palm plantation in the world. One of the companies that manages oil palm plantations is PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VIII Tambaksari afdeling sindangsari plantation, Subang. Before it became an oil palm plantation land, most people planted pineapple crops. After the existence of oil palm plantations, many communities were helped by the economy. However, some communities with farmers' livelihoods have complained that pineapple plantations continue to narrow because they are prepared for oil palm development. Based on these problems, this study aims to describe the characteristics of communities around oil palm plantations and find out the community's perception of the existence of oil palm plantations at PTPN VIII Kebun Tambaksari Afdeling Sindangsari, Subang in terms of social impacts and economic impacts using descriptive analysis and scoring analysis. The method used in this study is quantitative with a type of survey research. The results showed that the company had a positive impact on the communities around the PTPN VIII Kebun Tambaksari oil palm plantation on social impact indicators which included the quality of education, facilities and infrastructure, social values with an average score of 68.08 included in the positive category and economic impact indicators which included labor, new work ventures, and the number of residents and job opportunities with an average score of 71.47 included in the positive category.

Spatial assessment of ecosystem goods and services in complex production landscapes: A case study from south-eastern Australia

In property induction tasks, encountering a diverse range of instances (e.g., hippos and hamsters) with a given property usually increases our willingness to generalise that property to a novel instance, relative to non-diverse evidence (e.g., hippos and rhinos). Although generalisation in property induction and predictive learning tasks share conceptual similarities, it is unknown whether this diversity principle applies to generalisation of a predictive association. We tested this hypothesis in two predictive learning experiments using differential training where one category of stimuli (e.g., fruits) predicted an outcome and another category (e.g., vegetables) predicted no outcome. We compared generalisation between a Non-Diverse group who were presented with non-diverse evidence in both positive (predicted the outcome) and negative (predicted no outcome) categories, and two groups who received the same training as the Non-Diverse group but with a more diverse range of exemplars in the positive (Diverse+ group) or negative (Diverse- group) category. Diversity effects were found for both positive and negative categories, in that learning about a diverse range of exemplars increased generalisation of a predictive association to novel exemplars from that same category. The results suggest that diversity, a key principle describing how we reason inductively, also applies to generalisation in associative learning tasks.

Purpose: Sport Tourism is a driving force for sustainable economic development of tourism destinations. The Winter Olympic Games is a catalyst for this momentum. In order to clearly sort out the impacts of the Winter Olympic Games on sport tourism of the host city, this paper employed a systematic review. This study allowed to provide some enlightenment for the development of sport tourism in the host cities of the Winter Olympic Games in the future, and proposed the corresponding reference for the continued research in this field. Method: This paper adopted systematic review, more rigorous than the traditional literature review, to ex-plore the impacts of the Winter Olympic Games on sport tourism in host cities. Through the literature search of selected data, 369 articles in English language was retrieved and finally narrowed down to 17 articles accord-ing to the set research criteria. The information extracted from the remaining articles was used to present the types of impacts the Winter Olympics have had on sport tourism in host cities and in how it impacted. Results: Through the review and summary of the literature, current Winter Olympic Games had both positive and negative impacts on sport tourism in host cities. According to its specific manifestation, this paper classi-fied the impact factors. Positive impacts could be summarized into three parts: improving sport tourism reve-nue, improving city image and promoting urban reform. Negative impacts were mainly reflected in two aspects: the excessive cost leads to excessive burden and the unsatisfied sustainable development sustainable develop-ment. Conclusions: This paper clearly stressed that the Winter Olympic Games had both positive and negative im-pacts on the development of sport tourism in host cities, and further analyzed the aspects in which these im-pacts are found. Based on research results, it proposed the enlightenment on the development planning and ecological environment in order to ensure the sustainable development of sport tourism for the upcoming Bei-jing Olympic Games. It is a pity that there were still some limitations in the research scope and methods, and it hoped that they can be solved in the following research.

<p><em><span>Economic growth is an indicator to determine the overall of economy condition. There are some leading sectors that become jump-start economic growth of a country. They are the primary sectors consist of agriculture and mining, and the secondary sector is processing industry. This research aims to understand the impact of export, investment, and productivity to economic growth in Indonesia’s primary and secondary sectors. This research uses the panel data regression method (Panel Least Square). From the estimation result, fixed effect is the best model of the model selection using the Chow test. It is shown by partial test (t-test) that exports, investment and productivity have a positive and significant impact to economic growth in Indonesia’s primary and secondary sectors.</span></em> <em><span>In a cross-sectoral, relative estimation results indicate that exports of agricultural and industrial have positive impact on the growth while the mining sector has a negative impact. In other side, investment and productivity of primary sectors (agricultur and mining) have negatif impact on growth while the industrial has positive impact. </span></em></p>

This empirical study investigates the dynamic effects of economic freedom on economic growth and air quality for Pakistan over the period 1990-2019. The ARDL results suggest that economic freedom and other variables do not have any visible impact on economic growth and pollution in the short-run. However, in the long-run, economic freedom significantly mitigates air pollution whereas inflation instability increases emissions. The NARDL results show that a partial sum of positive change in economic freedom is negatively linked with economic growth in the short term but has positive effect in the long term. However, the negative change in economic freedom has negative but insignificant impact on growth confirming asymmetric effects. The results for the pollution model show that a partial sum of positive change in economic freedom has positive impact on emissions both in the short and long-runs, whereas a negative change has no significant effect in the short-run and has negative impact in the long-run. Thus, economic freedom supports economic activities that, in turn, escalate emissions in the atmosphere.

Objective: To describe the status quo and influencing factors of the work ability and work performance of health personnel in township health centers, and to explore the relationship mechanism between them. Methods: Using a multi-class stratified sampling method, semi-structured personal in-depth interviews were conducted with 182 health personnel in 45 township health centers, word frequency analysis was performed on relevant content, and a framework of mediating effects of work motivation was constructed to analyze the effect of work ability on work performance. Results: The main factors to improve the working ability of health personnel are education and training, and the main factors that restrict working ability are external conditions and personnel qualification restrictions; among the factors that affect work performance, human resources are the primary human factor, income level is the primary economic factors and interpersonal relationship is the primary environmental factor. Conclusion: Continuing education, self and social identity have a positive impact on the improvement of health personnel’s work ability and behavioral performance, economic factors have a negative impact on health personnel’s satisfaction, and the new medical reform policy has both positive and negative impact on it. Work motivation produces a mediating effect between the work ability and work performance of health workers.

The article introduces and discusses the issue of the pro-quality behaviour of employees of the services sector from the perspective of their personality traits and the impact on innovation. Researchers of human personality issues cite many theories that attempt to explain the concepts of both the personality and the search for the relationship between personality and human behaviour. Pro-quality services employees’ behaviour has to be understood as fully conscious activities which are focused on the continuous improvement of the quality of service offered. These activities also affect the direction of changes and innovations of the services. The idea of improvement and creating new and better solutions is a bridge between the quality and innovation of the employees. Determinants of behaviour in organizations on the employer’s and the employee’s side underpin the development of pro-quality and pro-innovation culture. This study is an attempt to search for the relationship between the personality traits of the employees and their proquality attitudes and innovation in the work environment − the services. The study was conducted at the turn of the year 2013/2014 among the students of the Faculty of Business and Commodity Science at Gdynia Maritime University studying Science of Commodities specializing in preparing to work in the services sector. The aim of this study was to classify personality traits that in the opinion of respondents had a positive or negative impact on the behaviour of pro-quality service sector workers, or had no impact at all. The study involved 335 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was developed based on the rate structure. Among the 50 identified personality traits, as defined in the five bipolar-characterised factors, 19 attributes with a positive impact on pro-quality behaviours were selected, 18 had the negative impact on the pro-quality behaviours and for 13 traits there was no strong kind of impact specified.

The development of communication technology does not necessarily bring positive effects to children. New media, such as YouTube, has different affordances than traditional media, like television, which leads children to adapt to different media consumption patterns. This study examines how the typology of children's content genres on YouTube, which is user-generated, has evolved. By using a purposive method to select videos based on YouTube’s algorithmic recommendations to mimic the journey of actually using the apps to reveal the type of children's content available on YouTube and visual content analysis to see the visual elements, this study intends to unveil the genre in children content on Youtube. The study finds that the development of children's content on YouTube, based on its genre typology, is divided into three most popular genres of content: education videos, entertainment nursery rhymes, and roleplay videos. Furthermore, the nature of media enables emerging genres that are unique solely on YouTube, such as toy unboxing and algorithmics-anomalies content. The results of this study can serve as recommendations for YouTube children's content creators in creating appropriate children's content based on its genre and offer some insight into the related groups regarding children's content regulations on YouTube.

Impact of Short Term Vocational Training on Youth Unemployment: Evidence from Mongolia