Classroom Environment and Learning Styles As Predictors of Student Engagement

This study examined the extent of culturally responsive teaching (CRT) practices and their relationship with student engagement in Social Studies among junior high school teachers and learners in District III, Division of Malaybalay City, for the School Year 2024–2025. Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of implementation of CRT practices—curriculum integration, teaching strategies, classroom climate, and teacher-student relationships—and the level of student engagement in terms of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. The study also sought to assess whether a significant relationship exists between CRT practices and student engagement. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 36 Social Studies teachers and 180 students selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection was conducted through validated, researcher-made survey questionnaires for both teachers and students. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Findings revealed that culturally responsive teaching practices were implemented at a "Very High" level, particularly in maintaining a supportive classroom climate and fostering positive teacher-student relationships. Student engagement was also assessed at a "High" level, with behavioral engagement receiving the highest ratings. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the level of CRT practices and student engagement, indicating that culturally relevant pedagogy enhances learners’ active participation and academic involvement. The study concludes that the effective use of culturally responsive strategies fosters deeper engagement among learners, especially in Social Studies, where cultural context plays a vital role. The study recommends sustained training programs for teachers, curriculum adaptation to local culture, and supportive school policies that institutionalize CRT approaches to improve student engagement and achievement.

The main objectives of the study on which this paper is based are to explore the status and the predictors of student engagement, a topic not so far studied in India. The term student engagement stands for cognitive, affective and behavioural involvement of students in educationally purposeful activities. Studies conducted outside India have shown that level of student engagement is a useful “proxy” for determining the effectiveness of learning. The sample for the study was drawn from a management institute located in the National Capital Region (NCR) and consisted of 171 second-year students of the two-year MBA programme. The results of the study show that the students are most engaged in terms of active participation in the learning process, only moderately engaged in terms of dedication and vigour, and least engaged in terms of commitment to the institution where they are pursuing their studies. Search for the “drivers” of engagement revealed that both situational factors and personality traits are the critical predictors of student engagement. Neither demographic factors nor family background was found to influence student engagement.

This study was designed to explore the relationship between teacher practices and levels of student engagement in secondary agricultural education programs. Most researchers have agreed that student engagement at the secondary level may be measured through three constructs: cognitive engagement, behavioral engagement, and emotional engagement. The intra-curricular components, namely the FFA organization and Supervised Agricultural Experience Program, make secondary agricultural education unique when compared to the foundational classes of math, science, and English. Respondents included a total of 152 agricultural education programs, which were randomly selected within 11 states to participate in the study. One class in each program was surveyed, which totaled 2,106 student respondents. Relationships were identified between specific teaching and advising practices performed by the secondary agricultural educator and their students’ level of engagement in classroom, FFA, and SAE activities. Each state is encouraged to replicate this study to determine student engagement levels in classroom, FFA and SAE activities, and then identify the causes and conditions leading to higher and lower levels of student engagement.

Student Engagement has become a subject of importance and discussion in the academic domain. Much of the academic fraternity today is worried because of the lackluster approach of the students - taking classroom or academic institution's learning as a burden and formality which must be completed! This research paper defines the level of student engagement in Ramanujan College, University of Delhi. Online survey of the students of Ramanujan College was taken to infer the level of student engagement in terms of - Spirituality and Alignment, Psychological meaningfulness, and Student-teacher relationship. In addition, various questions which lead to student engagement were also included. The survey was circulated among the students of the college and 240 responses were received, out of which 221 responses were deemed fit for analysis. According to the findings of the study, the students of the college are satisfied with the system of education; they also realize and appreciate the education they are getting. The students believe that they get full support from the college in terms of resources and the faculty members of the college are helpful and trustworthy. The study has also underpinned certain factors which lead to student engagement, such as institution's role in personality development of the student, teaching pedagogy, infrastructural facilities, systematic examination procedures, and extra and co-curricular activities. This paper would help Ramanujan College in particular and other educational institutions in general to study and understand the concept of student engagement. The paper also recommends ways to improve the level of engagement among students. This study would give a broad view of the student engagement in the current system of education. Scale of 'Student Engagement' could be further tested in other samples. The researchers have studied the level of engagement in a particular college of the University of Delhi. The results of this study may not be generalized for all the educational institutions.

INTRODUCTION: Learning styles refer to the ways an individual processes and retain new information and skills. Knowledge about preferred learning styles can assist in developing effective pedagogies and enhance classroom–learning experiences. Optimal learning environments consider how students learn and utilize various teaching methods for curriculum delivery to match specified student learning preferences. METHODS: This cross-sectional study presents the findings of the preferred learning style of 97 physiotherapy students studying in JSS College of Physiotherapy, Mysuru, using a self-administered questionnaire developed by Victoria Chislett and Alan Chapman, 2005. Data were collected using the survey method through Google Forms. RESULTS: We found equal distribution of unimodal and multimodal learning style. Among the unimodal style of learning, 20.6% of participants had predominantly auditory learning style. 15.46% of participants had predominantly visual learning style. 10.3% of participants had predominantly kinesthetic learning style. In multimodal style of learning, 21.6% of participants had predominantly visual and auditory learning styles. 15.46% of participants had predominantly visual and kinesthetic learning style. 12.37% of participants had predominantly auditory and kinesthetic learning style and only 1% of participants had visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning style. CONCLUSION: The most preferred unimodal learning style among physiotherapy students was auditory followed by visual and kinesthetic. The most preferred multimodal style of learning was visual and auditory, followed by visual and kinesthetic.

Learning styles indicate a students’ preference for learning methods and therefore are necessary information to guide teachers’ instruction. This study is aimed to determine the relationship between learning styles and academic achievement of Form Three students in their Living Integrated Skills subject. This study was participated by 372 respondents selected using purposive sampling from six secondary schools in Sabah, Malaysia. Data was collected using a research questionnaire in survey research and analyzed with IBM SPSS 23.0 using both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Findings of the study showed that pragmatist and theorist learning styles are the dominant learning styles while activist is the least preferred learning style. It was found that learning styles i.e. activist (t = -0.412; p = 0.681), reflective (t = -1.457; p = 0.146), theorist (t = 0.890; p = 0.374) and pragmatist (t = -0.537; p = 0.592) did not differ significantly based on gender but learning styles i.e activist (t = 7.412, p = 0.000), reflective (t = 9.461, p = 0.000), theorist (t = 9.080, p = 0.000) and pragmatist (t = 8.615, p = 0.000) was significantly different between high and low academic achievers. The higher achievers were pragmatic and activist while the lower achievers were reflective and theorists. This study also showed that learning styles i.e. activist (r = 0.395, p = 0.000), reflective (r = 0.476, p = 0.000), theorist (r = 0.492, p = 0.000) and pragmatist (r = 0.471, p = 0.000) were significantly correlated with academic achievement. Theorist learning style has the strongest correlation with academic achievement followed by reflective and pragmatist and the weakest learning style is activist. This study implied that other factors like a classroom environment, instructional delivery, and students’ self-efficacy should be investigated in future studies to explain the academic achievement of the students. This study supported the notion that learning styles are important to facilitate teachers in planning and implementing the lesson and for students to develop meta-cognitive ability to learn with the best style suited to them.

In a student-centered teaching and learning environment, students' needs, potentials, and learning styles are considered crucial. Therefore, teachers need to understand what learning styles students prefer to teach effectively. In the current study, a quantitative research approach has been adopted in this study within it descriptive research designed was used. To determine the preferred learning styles of B.Ed. students, VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic) learning style model has been used. Since the data was collected using the VARK questionnaire, simple random sampling techniques were used. The reliability of the instrument was calculated through Cronbach α= 0.75. The sample of the study consists of 140 Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) students of a Public Sector University located in Northern Sindh, Pakistan. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (percentages mean and standard deviation) to determine the most preferred style of learning of students. The results of the study revealed that 27.93% of the B.Ed. students have preferred aural learning style, 25.13% kinaesthetic learning style, 22.65% visual style of learning and 21.09% preferred read/write learning style respectively. To conclude that the majority of the B.Ed. students preferred aural learning style and the least preferred style of learning was read/write. Hence, B.Ed. students were driven towards an aural learning style. This study suggests that students learning styles are influenced by the teacher’s teaching style. Therefore, the teacher can determine his/her teaching style by using the score of the VARK questionnaire. The study recommends that another study can be conducted by the teachers to learn about the larger number of students’ preferred learning styles. The teacher can also address a mixture of learning styles. In the classroom, there are always diverse learners. In that case, the teacher can use integrated teaching style which can address all learners preferred teaching style.

“From the classroom to Dr. YouTube”: nursing students' experiences of learning and teaching styles in Jordan

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (a) mengidentifikasi tipe gaya belajar yang dominan dari 123 siswa-siswa kelas X SMA Negeri Kota Bengkulu ditinjau dari jenis kelamin, dan (b) menentukan kecenderungan tipe gaya belajar siswa-siswa SMA Negeri Bengkulu ditinjau dari gaya belajar KOLB. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan subjek penelitian menggunakan teknik convenient sampling. Instrumen utama untuk memperoleh data penelitian adalah (a) angket gaya belajar KOLB yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, dan (b) observasi kelas untuk mendukung data angket. Hasil analisis data angket gaya belajar menyatakan bahwa 123 siswa kelas X terdiri dari (a) 47 (38%) siswa dengan gaya belajar assimilator, (b) 26 (21%) siswa dengan gaya belajar converger, (c) 31 (25%) siswa dengan gaya diverger, dan (d) 19 (16%) siswa dengan gaya belajar accomodator. Gaya belajar siswa laki-laki dominan pada tipe diverger tetapi gaya belajar siswi perempuan lebih dominan pada tipe assimilator. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah guru perlu untuk mengetahui tipe gaya belajar yang dominan dari peserta didik sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran dan penggunaan media pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan tipe gaya belajar dari siswa-siswanya. Kata kunci : Gaya belajar Kolb, jenis kelamin, Siswa kelas X ABSTRACT The aims of this study are to (a) identify the dominant type of learning style of 123 class X students of Public High School in Bengkulu City in terms of gender, and (b) determine the preference of the learning style during physics learning in classroom. The method used in this study was descriptive quantitative and the subjects were obtained by the convenience sampling technique; the main instrument to get the data for this study was the Indonesian version of Kolb Learning Style Inventory and the classroom observation to support the KLSI data. The results of data analyses reveal that (a) the dominant learning style of male students were diverger type but the assimilator type for the female students, (b) the preferred learning style are 38% students with the assimilator learning styles; 21% students with the convergent learning styles, 25%) students with the divergent style, and 16% students with the accommodator learning style. The implication of the findings of this study is that teachers need to know the preferred learning style of their students so that learning activities and the use of learning media are adapted to the type of student’s learning style. Keywords: david kolb's learning style, descriptive reasearch

A student’s engagement in a real classroom environment usually varies with respect to time. Moreover, both genders may also engage differently during lecture procession. Previous research measures students’ engagement either from the assessment outcome or by observing their gestures in online or real but controlled classroom environments with limited students. However, most works either manually assess the engagement level in online class environments or use limited features for automatic computation. Moreover, the demographic impact on students’ engagement in the real classroom environment is limited and needs further exploration. This work is intended to compute student engagement in a real but least controlled classroom environment with 45 students. More precisely, the main contributions of this work are twofold. First, we proposed an efficient transfer-learning-based VGG16 model with extended layer, and fine-tuned hyperparameters to compute the students’ engagement level in a real classroom environment. Overall, 90% accuracy and 0.5 N seconds computational time were achieved in terms of computation for engaged and non-engaged students. Subsequently, we incorporated inferential statistics to measure the impact of time while performing 14 experiments. We performed six experiments for gender impact on students’ engagement. Overall, inferential analysis reveals the positive impact of time and gender on students’ engagement levels in a real classroom environment. The comparisons were also performed by various transfer learning algorithms. The proposed work may help to improve the quality of educational content delivery and decision making for educational institutions.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the learning styles that nursing graduates employed during the course of their BSN programme.Methods: Within a sequential, explanatory mixed methods design a survey was administered to determine graduates’ learning styles. From a population of 384 graduates, a sample of 200 agreed to participate. Data were collected using the Grasha-Riechmann Learning Styles Scales. MS Excel was used to enter the learning styles scores; descriptive statistics were computed using the statistical package SPSS Version 16.0.Results: The most dominant and preferred learning styles are Competitive learning style (x̄ = 3.98; SD = 0.52) and Avoidant learning style (x̄ = 3.88; SD = 0.68). Both are teacher-centered learning styles that do not promote learner independence, confidence, critical thinking and active learning. The least preferred is the Independent Learning Style (x̄ = 2.84; SD = 0.80). Implications for student-centered learning are inferred from the results.Conclusions: Graduates’ preference for the Competitive and Avoidant learning styles reflects an alignment with a teacher-centered paradigm and lack of diversity in use of learning styles during their study. The preferred learning styles detract from student-centered learning and point to an approach to teaching that integrates Socratic and facilitative methods to promote diversity of learning styles. As the educational paradigm shifts towards student-centered learning there is mounting pressure on educators to have better understanding on students’ preferred learning styles and adopt variety of pedagogical strategies to optimize ways students learn.

Student classroom participation has been identified as one of the most crucial predictors of learning and performance in higher education. Correspondingly, students' self-efficacy and the teaching environment have been confirmed to have significant impacts on student participation (Rocca, 2021). A rich participatory classroom experience is characterized primarily by dialogue exchanges, critical reflection, and students' engagement with course materials and content. In an inclusive classroom, individuals from diverse backgrounds and statuses can freely engage in democratic dialogues. In this context, Task Party, as a form of socially engaged art, facilitates participants’ ability to swiftly integrate into the classroom environment of art education. Oliver Herring (2011) conceptualizes Task Party as an open-ended and participatory structure that provides nearly limitless opportunities for a collective engagement among individuals and their surroundings (Gillespie, 2016). The purpose of this study is to explore the potential impact of diverse tasks within Task Party on the level of student engagement within the classroom setting, drawing upon the importance of social art participation in higher art education. Seven graduate students enrolled in the “Community, Culture, and Art Education” course at the University of Arizona collaborated with Professor Kate Collins to achieve this aim. On November 7, 2023, they collectively organized and implemented a socially engaged activity — Task Party — attracting 22 participants, all students from the University of Arizona. Specifically, this study scrutinizes how distinct activities, objectives, and tools utilized in each task contribute to modulating student participation and learning. Concurrently, this research emphasizes the importance of examining how participatory art stimulates students’ artistic imaginations.

The problem of this study was to determine whether learning styles of students affect their math achievement scores on the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills Test. The research questions addressed relevant to this study were: 1. Is there a positive correlation between students' learning styles and their achievement test scores in mathematics? 2. Is there a positive correlation between specific sub group's (as deemed by the state of Texas) and gender's learning styles and their achievement test scores in mathematics? The Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient and the Point-biserial correlation analysis was applied to the data collected from 500 fifth grade students attending a North Texas Intermediate school. The significance level was established at the .05 level. Part of the data was the student's responses to the Learning Style Inventory by Dunn, Dunn and Price. The findings established that the learning style preferences of all students in the area of persistence significantly impacted their math achievement scores. Gender and ethnicity were mitigating factors in the findings. These learning style preferences significantly impacted achievement in the following ways: * Caucasian students' preference of a high level of persistence in completing a difficult task. * Hispanic students' preference for a warm learning environment and motivational factor of pleasing the teacher. * Afro-American students' preference for kinesthetic learning. * Female students' learning style preferences appear in: - the design of the learning environment - the need for intake of food and/or drink - a high level of responsibility - a high sense of self-motivation , of teacher and of parent motivation. * Male students' learning style preferences appear in: - a warm learning environment - a high level of responsibility - the need for intake of food and/or drink - a high sense of teacher and of parent motivation - a late morning learning In summary, the author suggests that supplying the teachers with information concerning students' learning style preferences will benefit student achievement.

Surgical resident learning styles: faculty and resident accuracy at identification of preferences and impact on ABSITE scores

Problem. A significant segment of the U.S. population, under-represented students, is under-engaged or disengaged in secondary science education. International and national assessments and various research studies illuminate the problem and/or the disparity between students’ aspirations in science and the means they have to achieve them. To improve engagement and address inequities among these students, more contemporary and/or inclusive pedagogy is recommended. More specifically, multicultural science education has been suggested as a potential strategy for increased equity so that all learners have access to and are readily engaged in quality science education. While multicultural science education emphasizes the integration of students’ backgrounds and experiences with science learning , multimedia has been suggested as a way to integrate the fundamentals of multicultural education into learning for increased engagement. In addition, individual characteristics such as race, sex, academic track and grades were considered. Therefore, this study examined the impact of multicultural science education, multimedia, and individual characteristics on under-represented students’ engagement in secondary science. Method. The Under-represented Students Engagement in Science Survey (USESS), an adaptation of the High School Survey of Student Engagement, was used with 76 highschool participants. The USESS was used to collect pretest and posttest data concerning their types and levels of student engagement. Levels of engagement were measured with Strongly Agree ranked as 5, down to Strongly Disagree ranked at 1. Participants provided this feedback prior to and after having interacted with either the multicultural or the nonmulticultural version of the multimedia science curriculum. Descriptive statistics for the study’s participants and the survey items, as well as Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency reliability with respect to the survey subscales, were conducted. The reliability results prompted exploratory factory analyses, which resulted in two of the three subscale factors, cognitive and behavioral, being retained. One-within one-between subjects ANOVAs, independent samples t-test, and multiple linear regressions were also used to examine the impact of a multicultural science education, multimedia, and individual characteristics on students’ engagement in science learning. Results. There were main effects found within subjects on posttest scores for the cognitive and behavioral subscales of student engagement. Both groups, using their respective versions of the multimedia science curriculum, reported increased engagement in science learning. There was also a statistical difference found for the experimental group at posttest on the measure of “online science was more interesting than school science.” All five items unique to the posttest related to the multimedia