Clinical Decision Support Tools

The Road Ahead

The effectiveness of an electronic clinical-decision support tool embedded into the patient medical record at the point of care to guide Mohs surgery utilization: A cohort study

Development of National Research and Clinical Agendas for Patient-Reported Outcomes in IR: Proceedings from a Multidisciplinary Consensus Panel

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Elderly Patients: Expert Review

Redux: Do Little Bellyachers Grow up to Become Big Bellyachers?

Use and Misuse of Small Bowel Video Capsule Endoscopy in Clinical Practice

Guidelines on genetic evaluation and management of Lynch syndrome: A consensus statement by the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer

Rationale, considerations, and goals for atrial fibrillation centers of excellence: A Heart Rhythm Society perspective

Fatigue in Cirrhosis: Is Transplant the Answer?

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Where Are We?

Are We Ready to Embrace Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection as the Organ-Sparing, Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgical Procedure of Choice for Large Colorectal Adenomas and Early Cancers?

Polygenic Risk Scores for Follow Up After Colonoscopy and Polypectomy: Another Tool for Risk Stratification and Planning Surveillance?

We have reconstituted human mitochondrial transcription in vitro on DNA oligonucleotide templates representing the light strand and heavy strand-1 promoters using protein components (RNA polymerase and transcription factors A and B2) isolated from Escherichia coli. We show that 1 eq of each transcription factor and polymerase relative to the promoter is required to assemble a functional initiation complex. The light strand promoter is at least 2-fold more efficient than the heavy strand-1 promoter, but this difference cannot be explained solely by the differences in the interaction of the transcription machinery with the different promoters. In both cases, the rate-limiting step for production of the first phosphodiester bond is open complex formation. Open complex formation requires both transcription factors; however, steps immediately thereafter only require transcription factor B2. The concentration of nucleotide required for production of the first dinucleotide product is substantially higher than that required for subsequent cycles of nucleotide addition. In vitro, promoter-specific differences in post-initiation control of transcription exist, as well as a second rate-limiting step that controls conversion of the transcription initiation complex into a transcription elongation complex. Rate-limiting steps of the biochemical pathways are often those that are targeted for regulation. Like the more complex multisubunit transcription systems, multiple steps may exist for control of transcription in human mitochondria. The tools and mechanistic framework presented here will facilitate not only the discovery of mechanisms regulating human mitochondrial transcription but also interrogation of the structure, function, and mechanism of the complexes that are regulated during human mitochondrial transcription.

Post-endoscopy Esophageal Neoplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus: Consensus Statements From an International Expert Panel

Celiac Disease: Advances in Treatment via Gluten Modification