Colormap-Based Effectiveness of Basic Visualizations

When we need to represent data or qualitative structures graphically in order to show a relationship—to make a comparison or highlight a trend—we make use of charts. A chart is a graphic structure consisting of symbols, such as lines, in a line chart; bars, in a bar chart; or slices, in a pie chart. Charts serve as valid tools that can help us discern and understand the relationships underlying large quantities of data. It is easier for humans to read graphic representations, such as a chart, than raw numeric data. Nowadays, use of charts has become common practice in a wide variety of professional fields as well as in many other aspects of daily life. For this reason, charts have come to take on many forms, depending on the stucture of the data and the phenomenon that is being highlighted. For example, if you have data separated into different groups and want to represent the percentage of each, with respect to the total, you usually display these groups of data in a pie chart or a bar chart. In contrast, if you want to show the trend of a variable over time, a line chart is typically the best choice.

Data stories often seek to elicit affective feelings from viewers. However, how to design affective data stories remains under-explored. In this work, we investigate one specific design factor, animation, and present Kineticharts, an animation design scheme for creating charts that express five positive affects: joy, amusement, surprise, tenderness, and excitement. These five affects were found to be frequently communicated through animation in data stories. Regarding each affect, we designed varied kinetic motions represented by bar charts, line charts, and pie charts, resulting in 60 animated charts for the five affects. We designed Kineticharts by first conducting a need-finding study with professional practitioners from data journalism and then analyzing a corpus of affective motion graphics to identify salient kinetic patterns. We evaluated Kineticharts through two user studies. The results suggest that Kineticharts can accurately convey affects, and improve the expressiveness of data stories, as well as enhance user engagement without hindering data comprehension compared to the animation design from DataClips, an authoring tool for data videos.

This is a study of corneal injuries associated with ocular hazards in the welding industries in Nekede Mechanic Village Nekede Imo State. The data were collected from direct interview method and direct observation used to extract facts relating to the injuries and other factors that might predispose to them. The data were analyzed using frequency tables, bar charts and pie charts. A total number of 100 subjects were assessed with the ages of the subjects ranging between 18 and 35 years, selected at random and examined with the ophthalmoscope, penlight and a visual acuity chart, in their respective workshops. The study discovered about 48% of diverse cornea injuries: Pterygium, Pinguecula, Corneal opacity, Limbal changes and Photokeratitis. As shown on frequency distribution tables, pie charts and bar charts, 2% constantly used eye wear, 14% (often users), 41% (occasional users), 43% (never users). About 1.3% of the injuries occurred among regular users, 46.1% (occasional users), 38.1% (never users).This is a proof that the aforementioned injuries are products of non-compliance with the use of eye wear. Therefore, it is recommended that proper orientation and strict compliance should be emphasized on the use of protective eye wears in the welding industry.

Deep learning-based application for multilevel sentiment analysis of Indonesian hotel reviews

Abstract. In 2018, the Swiss Federal Statistical Office celebrated the 125th edition of its most prominent annual publication – the “Statistical Yearbook of Switzerland”. This celebration was also an opportunity of reissuing as a supplement a selection of attractive, but not well-known visualisations from the first Statistical Atlas of Switzerland initially published in 1897 and yearbooks from the 19th century. The original atlas produced issued by the Swiss Federal Statistical Bureau contained 22 coloured “plates”, including 6 maps and 16 diagrams. The techniques of visual display of statistical information were still in their infancy in statistical offices at this time, but this remarkable atlas already shows an expertise and judicious use of these techniques borrowed from the then reference book of Dr Georg von Mayr. The foreword of the original atlas gives a clue of what the authors intended with this visual collection: their main objective was to democratise interest in public statistics and their results using visualisations. In an educational effort, also an explanatory preamble on the methods of graphical representation in general was offered.The data used were relatively recent at the time of publication and the datasets even contain first long-time series, ranging from 1850 to 1898. The themes addressed testify to the development of public statistics at the time and the historical context. We find the traditional demographic themes (birth rate, mortality, marriage, population structure, emigration and health), territorial aspects (surfaces and occupation and land use), political life (elected representatives and voting result), trade aspects (imports and exports) and the development of means of communications (railways, telegraph and telephone). The data visualisation techniques that were used already reflect a certain diversity: choropleth and proportional symbol maps, bar charts, pie charts, line charts and population pyramids, displayed as simple figures or as small multiples.Following a similar first publication of a retro-atlas (The “Graphical-statistical Atlas 1914–2014”), published in 2015, he this latest atlas edition combines the 22 plates from the 1897 atlas as well as 7 older visualisations from the 1891–1899 yearbooks, and enriches this “retro” selection with their counterpart visualisations produced with recent data and modern tools around the year 2017. As the original atlas, the new atlas is fully bilingual and was printed in 2000 copies.It is thus possible for the reader to compare different themes and developments in a broad historical perspective, as well as to appreciate the statistics bureau’s early know-how in visual communication. This anniversary edition is therefore an opportunity to bring the first statistical atlas back to the public's attention, and to show the early interest of official statistics in this excellent “intuitive means of teaching, particularly suitable for popularising the interest in the work of statistics”.

The implementation of learning management system, lecturers must prepare the necessary materials and components. However, the fact is that there are 63% difficulties in compiling material in the learning management system. The research aims to analyze the impact of implementing learning using LMS in higher education and to find solutions to overcome obstacles and difficulties in implementing learning using a learning management system. The research method used is a survey by distributing instruments. Data collection techniques were by distributing instruments to 132 people consisting of lecturers and students who are directly involved in the learning process and conducting random interviews to ensure the correctness of the data from the survey. Analysis techniques using SPSS Version 25.0 by forming bar charts, line charts, and pie charts and interpreting them. As a result, the obstacles, difficulties, and impacts of using the learning management system during the learning process were found. The obstacles and difficulties lie in the preparation of materials, models, and assessment tools used which are not provided to students through the LMS. The material is not stated in the media used and is not given an assessment to students, so the impact is that students are unable to measure their abilities. In conclusion, every lecturer must prepare materials, models, and assessment instruments before using the learning management system in implementing course learning.

Area charts, Bar and Column charts, Bubble charts, Filtering, Formatting, Line charts, Pie charts, Pivot Tables, Sorting, Radar charts.

This talk covers the use of Computer generated color output in the preparation of professional, memorable presentations. The focus is on this application and today's business graphic marketplace. To provide a background, on overview of the factors and trends influencing the market for color hard copy output is essential. The availability of lower cost computing technology, improved graphic software and user interfaces and the availability of color copiers is combining with the latest generation of color ink jet printers to cause a strong growth in the use of color hardcopy devices in the business graphics marketplace. The market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate in excess of 25% and reach a level of 5 Billion by 1990. Color lasography and ink jet technology based products are expected to increase share significantly primarily at the expense of pen plotters. Essential to the above mentioned growth is the latest generation of products. The Xerox 4020 Color Ink Jet Printer embodies the latest ink jet technology and is a good example of this new generation of products. The printer brings highly reliable color to a broad range of business users. The 4020 is driven by over 50 software packages allowing users compatibility and supporting a variety of applications. The 4020 is easy to operate and maintain and capable of producing excellent hardcopy and transparencies at an attractive price point. Several specific applications areas were discussed. Images were typically created on an IBM PC or compatible with a graphics application package and output to the Xerox 4020 Color Ink Jet Printer. Bar charts, line graphs, pie charts, integrated text and graphics, reports and maps were displayed with a brief description. Additionally, the use of color in brainscanning to discern and communicate information and in computer generated Art demonstrate the wide variety of potential applications. Images may be output to paper or to transparency for overhead presentation. The future of color in the business graphics market looks bright and will continue to be strongly influenced by future product introductions.

The investigation identifies the geographic focus on the smart city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, within the timeframe (2000–2024). The study identifies seasonal trends, extreme events, and their impacts on climate and human life. The maps are prepared using Python, like scatter plots of mean monthly and yearly rainfall (line, box, bar, and pie charts, etc.). Further, GIS-based maps prepared are the annual Rainfall distribution map of Odisha, the choropleth map for temperature distribution, slope map, relief and contour map of Bhubaneswar smart city, highlighting spatial impacts in Bhubaneswar zones (e.g., Bomi Khal, Naya Palli), etc. The slope, the contour and the population. Slum pockets maps have been prepared from the data of the Government of Odisha, NIC data and Digital Elevation Model. The analysis, supported by Python libraries (pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, geopandas, folium). The study identifies seasonal trends, extreme events and their impacts on climate and human life, focusing on urban flooding, infrastructure, health, agriculture and environmental degradation, with a geoinformatics approach. Recommendations include GIS-driven drainage mapping, rainwater harvesting, resource management, and climate-smart planning, with future research proposed for long-term trends and geospatial adaptation strategies. The extreme events of rainfall cause waterlogged areas, urban flooding and fatalities due to heat strokes. The study discusses the impacts on climate and human life and supports the town planners and developers in climate-resilient planning, allied with SDGs 11 and 13 for sustainable urban dwellings, developing a zero slums concept in the sustainable smart city, Bhubaneswar.

Displacement remains arguably the most significant humanitarian challenge globally, as the number of IDPs continues to increase. This study, examines the challenges of internally displaced persons in Bakassi IDP camp in Cross River State in Nigeria, the roles of social workers, government and non-governmental organization.150 respondents from the 4 blocks in Bakassi IDP camp in Cross River state were surveyed using availability sampling technique. 100% returned questionnaires were analysed using bar, pie and line charts, while Indebt Interview complimented the quantitative data.Finding from this study revealed that IDPs face overwhelming challenges in Bakassi IDP camp. The respondents were positive on Social workers and NGOs meaningful contributions to the IDPs, but on the negative, they emphasised the need for an improved intervention.The findings provided a better understanding of the challenges faced by IDPs and the roles of social workers and NGOs therein. Thus, suggesting the need for a collaborative effort in ameliorating their plight.

This chapter describes the development and evaluation of Web-based multimodal graphs designed for visually impaired and blind people. The information in the graphs is conveyed to visually impaired people through haptic and audio channels. The motivation of this work is to address problems faced by visually impaired people in accessing graphical information on the Internet, particularly the common types of graphs for data visualisation. In our work, line graphs, bar charts and pie charts are accessible through a force feedback device, the Logitech WingMan Force Feedback Mouse. Pre-recorded sound files are used to represent graph contents to users. In order to test the usability of the developed Web graphs, an evaluation was conducted with bar charts as the experimental platform. The results showed that the participants could successfully use the haptic and audio features to extract information from the Web graphs.

This chapter presents a step-by-step visualization analysis of over 4,000 health news tweets using SAS Visual Text Analytics (VTA). SAS VTA is a commercial software program that uses a pipeline, or process-based, approach to the analysis of text. This chapter demonstrates the creation of visualizations including tree maps, line charts, pie charts, and word clouds using the software.

This article deals briefly with when to use and when not to use eight types of graphs: arithmetic and semi-logarithmic line charts; column, bar, and pie charts; 100-percent column charts; frequency distribution charts; and pictorial charts. Each type is illustrated.

Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to investigate determinants of successful implementation of infrastructure projects in Laikipia County. The objectives of the study included assessing the role of stakeholder engagement, funds disbursement, monitoring practices and project leadership on successful implementation of infrastructure projects. There were four theories adopted including stakeholder theory, resource based view, human capital theory and transactional theory. Methodology: A descriptive survey design was used to conduct the study. The researcher targeted 108 project managers.. The respondents were purposively selected because they are in the frontline in the implementation of the project. The data was collected using questionnaires. Data was then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative was analysed using SPSS software. This was presented by use of both quantitative and qualitative analysis in form of frequency tables, pie charts, percentages and bar charts. Findings: The study results showed that all the four independent variables were statistically significant relationship with successful implementation of projects. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study uniquely advances theory by integrating local socio-economic factors into infrastructure project success models. For policy, it offers evidence-based recommendations tailored to Laikipia County’s governance and resource contexts, promoting more effective project oversight. Practically, it provides actionable strategies for stakeholders to enhance stakeholder collaboration, risk management, and resource allocation, improving implementation efficiency and sustainability of infrastructure projects in similar developing regions.

This study examines the social and economic conditions of handloom weavers in Uttar Pradesh state of India. This study is primarily based on secondary data, and the data were evaluated using a simple percentage, an annual growth rate, and a compound annual growth rate. They were also shown in a pie chart and a bar chart. This study is based on the following key aspects such as location, age, gender, religion, social group, educational qualifications, type and size of family, employment status, type and ownership of dwelling units, ration card, source of loan and purpose of the loan, monthly household income from handloom-related activities, and ownership of looms. The study results indicated that most workers are men, and the number of women workers is not good. Most weavers in Uttar Pradesh are members of the Muslim religion or the OBC (Other Backward Class) social group. Most workers live in kutcha houses, especially in rural areas. In cities, more households live in pucca and semi-pucca houses than in rural areas. It was also found that most handloom workers (97.3%) have their own homes in rural areas. There aren't enough educated handloom weavers, and a study shows that most weavers have never been to school. It can be said that most of the weavers, or about 55 per cent, worked as independent weavers. About 40 per cent worked as master weavers. It was found that most, or 59.5 per cent, of weaver households, have an income of less than Rs. 5,000. It can be said that most (53.2% of the weaver households) have taken out a loan for handloom purposes. The study found that most (25.5%) handloom households got loans from the government, followed by commercial banks (21.9 per cent). It found that most weaver households (73.5% of them) work with looms and that 26.5 % of weaver household’s work without looms. The study found that more male weavers (66.1%) have bank accounts than female weavers (only 33.7%). The study found that more male weavers (66.1%) have bank accounts than female weavers (only 33.7%). It found that 62.4 per cent of male weavers and 37.5 per cent of female weavers have aadhar cards. Only two transgender people have Aadhar cards. Most households (60%) have a monthly household income of less than Rs. 5,000, but the monthly household income in cities is higher than in rural areas. It also shows that most of the sales of their main products come from the local market (46.1%) and master weaver (43.3 per cent).