Combined economic-emission load dispatch solution using firefly algorithm and fuzzy approach

There are many challenges in incorporating the attenuation cost of energy storage into the optimization of microgrid operations due to the randomness of renewable energy supply, the high cost of controlled power generation, and the complexity associated with calculating the cost of battery attenuation. Therefore, this paper proposes a microgrid energy management scheme considering the attenuation cost of energy storage. This scheme analyzes the power generation mode and uncertainty factors of distributed generators in detail. The influence of charge and discharge depth on the cycle life and residual value of the energy storage system was analyzed, and the energy storage attenuation cost model was established. Finally, considering the cost of power generation, environmental treatment, and the deterioration cost of energy storage systems, the objective function of the comprehensive operation cost of microgrids is formulated. The improved sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is used to simulate the energy output optimization of various distributed generators in the microgrid. The results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the comprehensive operation cost of microgrids and improve their energy utilization efficiency, which proves the practical significance and reference value of the method for microgrid energy management.

Design a high-performance thermoelectric generator by analyzing industrial heat transfer

By integrating simulated annealing and the interactive best-compromise approach, a method to determine economic dispatch in power systems, while accounting for carbon emissions, is proposed in this study. To satisfy load demands and operational constraints, traditional economic dispatches are determined by minimizing total power generation costs based on the power output of the generating units in a system. In the proposed method, carbon emissions are taken into consideration. A carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) equivalent model that accounted for the various fuel types (e.g., coal, oil, and natural gas) used in power generation was created. The correlation between power generation costs and carbon emission was determined according to CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission equivalent tradeoff and incremental cost CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> reduction curves. The proposed method was applied to the Taiwan Power Company system. The results indicated that the method was effective at determining the influence of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions on power generation costs during off-peak, semi-peak, and peak hours, as well as daily load demands. The system allows economic and environmental benefits to be considered simultaneously.

A two-stage fine biomass gasification process for the low - power generation plants based on ICE, providing the tar content in the producer gas of no more than 7.1 mg/m3n that meets the requirements of the ICE producers was developed. Based on the results of experimental studies of the two-stage fine biomass gasification process, the effective process regimes were determined. The optimal range of the specific air flow, which provides a stable process of oxidative biomass pyrolysis in a dense layer at the pyrolysis temperature not exceeding 800oC is 25.0 55.0 m3/(m2 h).Efficiency of the oxidative pyrolysis process reaches 98.0% taking into account the disposal of all heat flows. Efficiency of the coke residue gasification process without the use of sensible heat of the producer gas is on average 78.0%. Using the sensible heat of the producer gas allows to improve gasification process efficiency to an average of 96.4%.Numerical and theoretical studies of gas ICE operation have shown that the gas ICE operation on the producer gas with a calorific value of 7.6 MJ/m3 is optimum. In this case, the fall of ICE effective power is 16.0%, and the cost of electric power generation is 0.39 UAH/(kW∙h). The results of studies have also shown that increasing the natural gas proportion in a mixture of more than 40.0% is not desirable, since it leads to higher cost of electric power generation up to 1.04 UAH/ (kW∙h) that corresponds to the cost of electric power from the external power system.Exergy analysis of a cogeneration plant has shown a high value of total exergy efficiency of 45 %, while exergy efficiency of individual circuit elements, such as a pyrolyzer and gasifier reaches 96 %, and the "ICE-generator" unit - 91 %. Such values of efficiency are caused by deep disposal of all heat flows in the circuit.

Multi-objective optimization of space adaptive division for environmental economic dispatch

The economics of the civilian uses of nuclear energy, that is to say the economics of nuclear power generation in which its civilian uses has been virtually limited to power generation---has been the focus of much public discussion both internationally and domestically here in Japan. The reasons are that there are many underlying factors which determine the economics of power generation methods and that various assumptions can be made concerning these factors. In addition, the value of these factors will change over time and thus entail considerable uncertainties. Although there are many aspects to the economics of nuclear power generation, in its narrowest sense, it refers to the power generation costs of nuclear power plants and other arguments from other aspects can be summarized in terms of power generation costs. Therefore, this paper will focus on power generation costs at nuclear power plants. In this paper, I will introduce an outline of the economic evaluation of nuclear power generation by the Japanese Government, and describe its features by comparing this evaluation with an evaluation by the United States Government, and then point out what policy implications these economic evaluations have on nuclear power generation.

The ever-increasing demand for electricity, as well as its impact on the environment, necessitates expanding the power generation mix of Nigeria by utilizing sustainable energy sources. Power generation planning that is sustainable and efficient must meet various objectives, many of which conflict with one another. Using multi-objective optimization, a model for Nigeria's power supply architecture was developed to integrate indigenous energy sources for a sustainable power generation mix. The model has three conflicting objectives: reducing power generating costs, reducing CO2 emissions, and increasing jobs. Hybrid Structural Interaction Matrix was utilized to compute the weights of the three objectives for the multi-objective model to be modified into a single-objective model. According to the simulations, Nigeria could address its power supply deficit by generating up to 2,100 TWh of power by 2050. Over the projected period, large hydropower plants and solar PV will be the leading option for Nigeria's power generation mix. Furthermore, power generation from solar thermal, incinerator, nuclear, gas plant, combined plant, and diesel engine will all be part of the power supply mix by 2050. In terms of jobs expected to be created, about 2.05 million jobs will be added by 2050 from the construction and operation of power generation plants. CO2 emissions will attain 266 MtCO2 by 2050. The cost of power generation will decline from a maximum of 36 billion US$ in 2030 to 27.1 billion US$ in 2050. Findings conclude that Nigeria can meet its power supply obligations by harnessing indigenous energy sources into an optimal power supply mix.

Within the past several decades, photovoltaic technology is an emerging pioneer in the renewable energy field. Driven by the rapid decline in the price of photovoltaic products, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is becoming cheaper or even lower than the cost of thermal power generation. Among various photovoltaic technologies, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin film solar cells are promising candidates for the next generation of solar cells in consideration of their outstanding advantages such as low-cost, easy manufacturing processing and high power conversion efficiencies. Perovskite solar cells stem from dye-sensitized solar cells. Within less than a decade of rigorous research and development in perovskite solar cells, the efficiency is boosted up to 25.2%. Aforementioned high PCE is mainly attributed to outstanding photovoltaic properties such as the long diffusion length of carriers, high optical absorption coefficient, excellent carrier mobility, etc. Meanwhile, the main barriers of commercialization for the perovskite solar cells are the poor stability of the devices, and the possible environmental pollution caused by lead. Herein, we briefly reviewed the opportunities and the challenges of this game changer in photovoltaic field. The development prospective are also discussed.

The power generation structure in Yunnan is dominated by hydropower, and the market-oriented electricity price level is relatively low. The cost analysis of new energy power generation is one of the important strategies to ensure the sustainable development of new energy in Yunnan. In this paper, on the basis of the classical calculation formula of electricity cost, tax factors are added, and the data of 19 newly invested wind farms and 9 PV power plants in Yunnan Province is used to calculate the cost to obtain the actual investment return of the project. And compared with the cost of new energy power generation in Guangdong and Guizhou to provide decision-making basis for the investment of new energy power generation projects in Yunnan Province.

The power area of Asia-Africa-European power transmission is rich in new energy resources such as wind resources and solar resources. West Asia and Africa have the potential to build large-scale renewable energy power generation bases. Based on the basic idea of Levelized Energy Cost Analysis (LCOE), this paper proposes an improved feasibility analysis model of new energy power generation technology, comprehensively considering the impact of policies, technology, politics and other factors on the cost of power generation. Feasibility of power transmission from large renewable energy bases in West Asia and Africa to Europe are measured under interregional grid interconnection. The results show that: the wind and solar power generation bases in West Asia and Africa are feasible of transferring electricity to Europe, and solar intercontinental interconnected transmission is more feasible than wind power.

The Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is considered to minimize the only fuel cost in power system planning and operation. Due to environmental issues, the emission amount released by thermal power generation should be considered in minimizing the total cost generation as well. This make the power dispatch problem become multi-objective problem that called Economic and Emission Load Dispatch (EELD). This paper investigates the performances of Artificial Bee colony (ABC) algorithm for determining optimal solution for EELD problem. In this paper, the EELD problem is formulated as a single objective problem by taking minimization of total cost and emission level as separated objective. The cost characteristic of thermal generator considered the effect of opening and closing of the valve for practical application. The ABC algorithm has been tested on standard test systems which is 10-generating unit test system in order to validate the effectiveness of proposed ABC algorithm. The results obtained have been compared with reported result by other methods in literature. From the result, it found that ABC algorithm is better than other methods for minimizing fuel cost of thermal power generation and obtained comparative results in reducing the emission level.

Sri Lanka has taken various measures to implement Ole United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change within the country. Clean development mechanism (CDM) provides aframework for participation of developing countries in mitigating climatic effects. In CDM, adeveloped country will implement and finance a project that reduces or mitigates greenhouse gas(carbon dioxide) emissions in a developing country, for which the developed country partywould get Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), certifying the emissions reduced from theCDM project. Such a CDM project would help the developing country in achieving itssustainable development goals, and the country can a lso profit by selling any carbon avoided bythe CDM project to the developed country partyIn Sri Lanka, power sector is a potential sector for CDM, due to high carbon emissionsassociated with thermal power generation. Since Sri Lanka has almost reached its maximumhydropower potential, the country needs to consider having more thermal and renewable energyoptions in the power sector. One potential, relatively cheap renewable option is dendrothermalpower generation. Power generation using biomass collected from energy plantations could beconsidered as a suitable renewable option, especially in remote areas, where power supply fromthe national grid is not easy. Such energy plantations can be successfully grown and maintainedby the communities in rural Sri Lanka, and it has a high potential as a means of povertyeradication and employment generation in those areas. Energy plantations also improve soilquality and nutrient cycling within the ecosystem.Dendrothermal power generation is considered carbon neutral, as carbon emitted during powergeneration is absorbed by the energy plantations in photosynthesis. If a certain percentage of theplanned thermal power (coal) generation in future e-m be replaced with dendrothermal powergeneration, the country can profit by selling the avoided carbon in shifting to dendrothermalpower. Therefore dendrothermal power generation satisfies the criteria relevant to CDM. Thisstudy economically analyses the feasibility of havir ..g off-grid dendrothermal power generationas a potential CDM option, while evaluating socio-economic and other benefits associated withit.The study showed that the unit cost of dendrothermal power generation (US cts. 4.68) is slightlyhigher than that of coal (US cts. 4.34), but the country can significantly profit if the avoidedcarbon is sold at a reasonable price. Hence the study clearly shows that dendrothermal powergeneration is a viable option for CDM.

With the minimum amount of coal consumption, pollution emissions, the cost of power generation and carbon emissions, this paper analyzes the running status and the output status of the units and builds the multi-objective optimized model of low-carbon and energy-conservation generation dispatching in single phase. Then it takes this as the foundation to establish a dynamic multi-targeting optimized model of low-carbon power generation dispatching. This article lays a foundation for the study of the algorithm of the mixed programming of large-scale and multi-objective power generation dispatching.

Evaluation of power and freshwater production based on integrated gas turbine, S-CO2, and ORC cycles with RO desalination unit

Power generation system based on pressure retarded osmosis with a commercially-available hollow fiber PRO membrane module using seawater and freshwater