Combining SDL and C

SDL (Specification and Description Language) is an international standard formal description language which has been widely used for the specification and description of communication systems. SDL is based on the concept of the state oriented description technique—FSM (Finite State Machine). This paper reports an interactive generator for SDL, named SDL-TRAN, which can automatically translate FSM expression into SDL description. Except for its automatic translation part, SDL-TRAN includes an user-friendly graphical editor which is used to get the other part of SDL description which cannot be automatically translated.

This paper gives a contribution in the efforts of Semantic web ontology development. We have developed the core ontology for Specification and Description Language (SDL),an object-oriented, formal language defined by the International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T) as recommendation Z.100. The language is intended for the specification of complex, event-driven, real-time, and interactive applications involving many concurrent activitiesthat communicate using discrete signals. Using SDL formal model for system specification we bridge the gap between ideas in our minds and the actual implementation of the system. Being visually appealing SDL provides us with a simple tool for communication either between the softwaredevelopers or between non-experts without advanced engineering skills. In this paper we propose the ontology for the basic SDL system and process elements. We also propose a formal framework of SDL Markup Language as a medium for translating SDL model to SDL ontology.

Nowadays multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) technology has achieved great popularity in the world. Because MPLS adopts the scheme of “route once and switch many”, routing is the key element to ensure packets are transmitted to destinations. Though there are many designs of MPLS routing protocol for public networks, they can hardly fit the private network very well for its special characteristics. This paper presents the design of MPLS routing protocol in the private network using the specification and description language (SDL), which is an object-oriented formal language and mainly used in communications area. In our design the whole autonomous system (AS) is regarded as a single area to reduce the number of protocol packets. The SDL module of MPLS routing protocol consists of four kinds of processes, namely Management, Checking, NeigSession and LSADbase. Simulations of the SDL design are run in many scenarios, the results of which indicate that the SDL module is manageable and the overall performance is satisfying. From our design and simulation experience, we find that the software development cycle can be drastically reduced by the use of SDL, and the code is easy to maintain and reuse.

Combining Object-Oriented and Real-Time Programming from an OMT and SDL design

The Specification and Description Language (SDL) has been a domain specific language that is well-established in the telecommunication sector for many years, but only a small set of SDL tools is available. In contrast, a wide range of different kinds of tools can be used for various purposes, such as model transformation, for the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The UML profile for SDL (SDL-UML) makes it possible to specify SDL compliant models in terms of a UML model. In this paper, the extensible SDL-UML Modeling and Validation (SU-MoVal) framework, which supports the specification and validation of models that are compliant to Z.109, is presented. As an additional feature, the SU-MoVal framework also provides an editor for the specification of a textual notation that is mapped to corresponding SDL-UML elements.

We present our approach to mixed hardware/software implementations of factory communication protocols. We start from a single system specification based on SDL (specification and description language). The main task consists of identifying the parts which when implemented in hardware would lead to the biggest gain in overall system performance. In order to achieve this we introduce a three stage solution. Within the first phase we use the environment dependence properties of control dominated systems to reduce the complexity of the next stages. Therefore we build a combined state machine from the existing CFSMs and identify the paths through it which are relevant to a speed up of the system. The second step exploits a new colouring algorithm in order to schedule the tasks of our program. In our case this means the SDL specification. This algorithm can be applied either to find the maximum degree of parallelism or to find the shortest schedule for a given number of parallel resources. The third step allocates the tasks to the system resources distributing the functionality between hardware and software elements. To exhibit the structural features of our approach we introduce SDL specification pictures if necessary.

The experience reported in this paper relates to an evaluation of the automatic generation of C code from the Specification and Description Language (SDL) specification of embedded applications. The evaluation has been carried out by comparing the automatically generated code with the manually implemented code, both compliant to the same SDL specification: this comparison is based on a selection of metrics measured on both codes by means of commercial static analysis tools. Notwithstanding the different structure of the two codes, we appropriately selected and aggregated the obtained results in order to use them as indicators of code size, control flow complexity and integration flow complexity. For a better comparison of the two codes, we have also introduced a novel complexity metric, which compares the control flow complexity with the integration flow of the two different software architectures. The aim of the paper is not merely to evaluate the code generator used, but rather to propose a set of techniques that can be used to conduct similar evaluations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The objective of the paper is to present a methodology that can be used to translate a model from one formalism to another allowing model reuse and cross‐verification. With the use of formal languages, the model specifications can be expressed in a rigorous and univocal way, and the model can be validated against the specifications or conceptual model. Expressing the same model in different formal languages opens the conceptual model validation to a varied number of specialists. Also, in the context of modeling a new system, where there is no data to perform validation against a real system, having pairs of models can be used to perform cross‐model verification to ensure that the model specifications or conceptual models are correctly implemented by comparing the results produced by both models. Specifically, a method is presented to translate a model conceptualized on specification and description language (SDL) to discrete event system specification (DEVS). The transformation mechanism between SDL and DEVS formalisms is described. The methodology is exemplified with a disease spread model for COVID‐19, and it is shown how the results obtained by the two models can be used for cross‐verification.

The Unification of OMT, SDL and IDL for Service Creation

The definition of a Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) for a building or an urban area is a complex task due to the inherent complexity of all the elements that must be considered. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach is required due to the different sources of knowledge involved in this project. This multidisciplinary approach makes it necessary to use formal language to fully represent the complexity of the used models. In this paper, we explore the use of Specification and Description Language (SDL) to represent the LCA of a building and residential area. We also introduce a tool that uses this idea to implement an optimization and simulation mechanism to define the optimal solution for the sustainability of a specific building or residential.

Design of universal personal computing using SDL

This paper describes the use of the ITU-T specification and description language (SDL) formal description technique to specify the AVPAC avionics protocol, and use of the code-generating abilities of SDL tools to generate source code for an FDAC experiment to provide air-ground radio communications for low-visibility taxi tests at the FAA Technical Center.

Background: Urban mobility management faces growing challenges that require the analysis and optimization of sustainable solutions. Digital twins (DTs) have emerged as innovative tools for this assessment, but their implementation requires standardized procedures and languages; Methods: As part of a broader methodology for continuous DT validation, this study focuses on the conceptual validation phase, presenting a conceptualization approach through formalization using Specification and Description Language (SDL), agnostic to simulation tools. The conceptual validation was achieved through stakeholder engagement in the Bolzano context, producing 41 SDL diagrams that define both elements common to different urban realities and specific local data collection procedures; Results: The feasibility of implementing this stakeholder-validated conceptualization was demonstrated using Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) for traffic simulation and optimization criteria calculation, and its framework SUMO Activity GenerAtion (SAGA) for generating an Activity-Based Modeling (ABM) mobility demand that can be improved through real sensor data; Conclusions: The SDL approach, through its graphical representation (SDL/GR), enables conceptual validation by enhancing stakeholder communication while defining a framework that, while adapting to the monitoring specificities of different urban realities, maintains a common and rigorous structure, independent of the chosen implementation tools and programming languages.

Automating the process of test derivation from SDL specifications

Fieldbuses are special purpose local area networks (LAN) used to connect all kinds of devices in a factory. The paper discusses security in fieldbuses, and presents a security architecture, such as WorldFIP (World Factory Instrumentation Protocol), for centralized fieldbuses. The discussion takes into account, on one hand, the security services defined by the OSI security architecture, and, on the other hand, the security mechanisms defined by WorldFIP. The discussion shows that there are two critical points for attacking this network: the bus arbitrator and the bus. The paper presents the specification, using the specification and description language (SDL), of a security architecture for WorldFIP based on the RC4 algorithm, which is a lightweight cryptographic stream cipher.