Comment: Implication Analysis: New Approach or Good, Old-Fashioned Sociology?

Let me start with my anguish over the selec tion of books. The editor asked me to write a review that would give readers a fair sense of what is and has been happening in sociology in Korea. He suggested that I look at the fea tured essays on the ten most influential books of the past 25 years in the May 1996 issue. In an effort to identify the most influential books, I first went through recent issues of major Korean journals in the field. I discovered that most references were to Western literature, particularly that written in English. Western literature also dominates the reading list for graduate courses at major universities in Ko rea. A number of the colleagues I consulted found it difficult to identify Korean produced books influential among Korean sociologists. It appears that Western authors have been enjoying far more extensive influence and readership than Koreans in the sociology COIIIs munity of this nation. Sociology was early recognized, in 1946, as a major discipline by the establishment of a distinct department at Seoul National University (SNU), then newly founded as a national center for higher learning in postcolonial Korea. Currently, however, less than a quarter of Korean colleges and universities 34 out of over 140 operate degree granting programs in sociology. Two thirds of these programs started after 1981. The directory of the Korean Sociological Association (KSA), which has grown from 14 founding tnembers in 1957 to a membership of over 600, shows that domestic graduate training has been highly concentrated in a few institutions, with approximately laalf of the faculty members in sociology holding foreign graduate degrees, for the most part, U.S. Ph.D's. Not until the latter half of the past decade did Korean universities begin to produce a substantial number of systematically trained doctorates in sociology. The paucity and short history of institu tionalized programs, however, should not be mistaken for an indication of the discipline's low status in Korea. Owing to the reputation and influence of sociology as a critical and pro gressive discipline, the establishment of soci ology departments was restricted under successive authoritarian regimes. Throughout the late 1980s, sociology majors took active roles in the student moveIllent for democracy and social justice. In the wake of the dramatic expansion of higher education by abrupt government promulgation in 1981, a young generation of sociologists made inroads into academia as junior faculty members at somewhat less

This paper is a reflection by one of the founding members of the IVSA (International Visual Sociology Association) about the events, ideas, social trends and revolutions within sociology that contributed to development of visual sociology. In 2016 the IVSA entered its 34th year and the author has been a participant in the organization for its full duration. The paper details the importance of documentary photography in the early era of visual sociology. During this era key papers by Howard Becker contributed to the intellectual movement’s original intellectual definition and created a pedagogical model that has served as a model for teaching visual sociology to this day. Moving from visual sociology as a method based on black and white photography, the discipline embraced and developed collaborative methods including photo elicitation and photovoice. A parallel track of visual sociology focused on the analysis of the visual dimension of society, drawing on semiotics and cultural studies. More recently visual sociology has begun to explore the rapidly changing meaning and social function of photographic imagery, as cameras and images have become ubiquitous in the cell phone era.

This research discusses the dynamics of growth and development of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darud Dakwah Wal Irsyad Palu in the review from the perspective of educational management. The research approach used is historical – sociological – pedagogical approach.. Historical - sociological - pedagogical approach intended to assess critically investigate the dynamics of growth and development of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darud Dakwah Wal Irsyad Palu between the years 1969-2013. The results of this study indicate that the dynamic development of MTs DDI Palu from year to year since 1969 until now not experiencing significant growth. Some efforts have been made such as searching for prospective students throughout the village and the dissemination and promotion of the community around MTs DDI Palu. But the results did not show significant progress. It is influenced by several things namely: The planning function has been no integration of planning synchronization between the Regional Board of DDI Palu with MTs DDI Palu, the implementation function goes without coupled with oversight functions running simultaneously. Supposedly function execution carried out simultaneously with both internal control oversight functions performed by the head of MTs DDI Palu and external monitoring carried out by the Regional Board of DDI Palu with Madrasah Committee.

This article aims to analyze the relationship between Emile Durkheim's sociology and its philosophical contexts. Departing from Durkheim's book Sociology and Philosophy, a collection of Durkheim's essays, the article proposes a lecture on Durkheim's thought underlining the tension and the mutual interaction between normativity and descriptivity. This article also provides a deeper examination on whether the “social philosophy” [philosophie du social] or “sociology” is a matter of concern in Durkheim's thought. Hence, the article focuses mainly on the idea that the rupture between Durkheim's sociology from philosophy is partial. Durkheim, while trying to establish sociology as a discipline apart from philosophy, identifies the fundamental problems of philosophy with a sociological view under the title of “general sociology”. Thus, continuity between sociology and philosophy can be mentioned in Durkheim's thought as well as a rupture.

One year before my academic life began, Jim Kemeny published a book called ‘Housing and Social Theory’ (Kemeny 1992). This book has had a major impact within European housing and urban research over the last two and a half decades, not least by crystalizing its epistemic divisions into ‘mainstream’ and ‘critical’ (Webb 2012). In the face of Kemeny’s critique, ‘mainstream’ housing and urban researchers have remained wedded to ‘policy oriented’ empiricist approaches about which they have been defensive. In fact, it could even be argued that policy oriented housing researchers have been emboldened during this period. On the other hand, some housing and urban researchers have spent the last 25 years exploring the relationship between housing and social theory with a view to developing a more ‘critical’ understanding of housing and housing policy. My own work falls into this latter category and can be broken down into three phases (represented in the three parts of this thesis) which all bear the hallmarks of Kemeny’s influence, to greater or lesser degrees. Kemeny’s influence is most obvious in part I of the thesis. This contains a series of papers that represent my attempts to develop a sociology of housing and housing research. Although my initial contributions to the literature focussed on the social construction of housing problems and policy, my subsequent interventions recognise that it is not enough to focus ‘critical’ theoretical attention on policy issues alone; the context of research practice, itself, requires the same critical theoretical attention. This recognition set me on an intellectual track that resulted in published contributions to the sociology of knowledge literature, within the entrepreneurial context of the contemporary university. These contributions examine how entrepreneurial contexts shape academic subjectivities and the sociological episteme. If part I of the thesis finds sociology useful in illuminating housing policy and housing research practice then part II contains a book and two papers that call it into question. The origins of this ‘hostile turn’ towards sociology are in two pieces of research (into the lives of heroin users and visual impaired children) where sociology had hindered my attempts to develop an adequate knowledge of the phenomena under the microscope. The publications in this part of the thesis embrace phenomenology to make theoretical sense of the limits of the sociological episteme and to develop a more adequate understanding of the lives of heroin users and visual impaired children. They also set me on an intellectual path that led to my theoretical development of a more fundamental critique of housing and urban research and, eventually, a constructive and reconciliatory resolution to what I have argued are its epistemic limitations. The book and two papers contained in part III of the thesis were produced in conditions of acute conflict. The book and ‘fallacy paper’ were written in response to the controversial housing market renewal programme but were contextualised within my wider intellectual concerns about the fundamental problems of housing and urban research. They represent a full-frontal intellectual ‘attack’ on the professional enterprise of housing and urban research and its social consequences. The ‘impact’ paper was written and published 5 years later, following a ‘career break’ during which I had reflected on the fundamentally conflictual nature of housing and urban research and sought nonviolent alternatives to such conflict. It outlines a reconciliatory approach to housing and urban research that is true to the intellectual argument in the ‘fallacy paper’ whilst seeking to outline and advance the possibilities for collaboration between housing and urban researchers and their constituencies.

Fil: Aramburu, Leandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani; Argentina

Sociology is a social science which is the last result of knowledge development. Furthermore, the sociology of literature is applied in the research because it increases the understanding of literature in relation to society, explains that imagery is not contrary to reality although literary works are imaginatively consumed, but the imaginative framework cannot be understood outside the empirical framework and literary work is not merely an individual symptom but a social phenomenon. The objective of this study is to find out and to describe the elements of sociology of literature in short story Senyum yang Kekal created by Korrie Layun Rampan. Technically, this study discussed the relation between literature and sociology; also, this study used sociological methods by describing the facts and characteristics related to population or particular areas systematically and accurately. Hereafter, this paper explained several aspects such as: (1) introduction; (2) discussion and description which included (a) sociological aspects such as social facts, social history, social behavior and social event, and (b) literature aspects as a social condition such as jobs, residence, customs, and romance; and (3) closure.

With the emergence of the “sociology of body” and “sociology of emotions” in recent years, and the explosion of research about placebos and the mechanisms of their action, there is enough grounding now to consider the placebo response from a sociological point of view. These new subfields of sociology have provided enough knowledge about the primacy of action and emotions, and the importance of embodied knowledge and feelings in social interactions. Studies in medicine and psychology show that placebo response is a meaning response which develops in the context of interpersonal relationships. In this process, the embodied experience of the patient and health care professionals and their thoughts, beliefs, emotions and feelings are involved. Lines of research in the fields of placebo response, hypnosis research, doctor-patient relationship, and sociology of body and emotion are converging and provide the evidence for the role of interpersonal interactions in the healing process. Critical analysis of the placebo response provides the basis for an alternative framework to the current dominant model of health care which is biomedicine. This model is based on the dualisms and is inadequate to provide a place and explanation for psychosomatic and culture related disorders which are currently categorized under terms like “Medically Unexplained Syndromes (MUS)”. A possible new model could be constructed based on our new understandings provided by studies on placebo response. In this new model, interpersonal dynamics, intersubjectivity, and intercorporeality are core issues and in the center of attention for research and enquiry.

While sociology, as a subject of inquiry, is fundamental for a democratic society, the field of sociology, as it is practiced through a scientific discipline, is not. In this article, I contend that the discipline of sociology in the United States is increasingly vulnerable, both as a viable professional association and an academic field of study, through its notable weaknesses in four fundamental areas. Patently, these include an amorphous disciplinary mission and scope, the lack of theoretical and methodological integration, a peripheral isolation of the widespread application of disciplinary knowledge, and the lack of program accreditation efforts. In many respects, these four areas direct attention toward the culture of American Sociology, what has previously been termed the "soci ology of sociology'1 (see, e.g., Reynolds and Reynolds, 1970). Although histori cally colorful, the discipline appears to lack a coherent and generally recogniz able history among its members, both with regard to the evolution of its scientific accomplishments and its relationship to higher education. This outcome is problematic because, unless we, as a discipline, routinely emphasize our his tory and scientific accomplishments, American Sociology will likely become an historical footnote in the annals of science. Let me offer evidence for my conjecture through elaboration of these four areas.

Book Reviews: Book Reviews are Indexed in the Book Review Index Power and Authority in the Public Schools (1700–1850), Marxism and Literary Criticism, the Socialist Industrial State—Towards a Political Sociology of State Socialism, Change, Choice and Conflict in Social Policy, Sociology and Social Policy, on Trotskyism: Problems of Theory and History, Policy and the Polytechnics, Class in a Capitalist Society:

For 40 years, the relationship between sociology and cultural studies has posed central questions of self-definition and practice for both projects. By orchestrating a range of manifesto-style statements — the full literature can only be gestured towards — this chapter offers an analytical profile of the unfolding dealings between the two formations, starting with the prevailing discourse around sociology at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) in the 1970s (‘Birmingham’). The second sketch — ‘postmodern con-juncturalism’ — takes as background the worldwide growth of cultural studies as an undergraduate quasi-discipline, involving the active displacement of disciplinary sociology. In a third movement —‘sociological readjustment’ — the tables are ostensibly turned once again, but at this point the whole notion of the ‘cultural turn’, which rhetorically governs most of the debate, requires critical focus. In the years after 2000, a mood of ‘pragmatic reflexivity’ emerges in cultural studies and sociology alike, in which, despite latent tensions, various balances are struck between culture and economy, theory and method, political purpose and academic professionalism. With these developments, the prospect of a more principled partnership between the ‘warring twins’ (D. Inglis, 2007) could be glimpsed. However, several recent currents of thought and research are undermining the ‘culture and society’ problematic that has sustained most versions of the sociology-cultural studies encounter.

WHEN Carl A. Dawson, a Canadian of American sociological training, went to McGill University in 1922, he went as a pioneer. He succeeded to the directorship of a school of social work, but the sociological point of view he brought was novel in Canada. Robert M. Maclver had taught at Toronto in the twenties. After he left to continue his work with great distinction in the Graduate Faculty of Political Science at Columbia University, the late Professor E. J. Urwick carried on in somewhat the same mood. It was the mood of the British scholarly liberals in which interest in welfare politics joined with social philosophy. Courses called sociology had certainly been offered in other Canadian universities, usually as a sort of sideline. I do not believe that there had been any formal courses in sociology in the French universities of Canada, but Leon Gerin, Edouard Montpetit, and other French-Canadian scholars had long since studied, and in some measure emulated, the work of Frederic LePlay, that same LePlay whose name lived on more among British sociologists than among those of his own France. I have no doubt Montpetit was familiar with Durkheim, whose work had so great an influence first on American sociologists and, later, on British and American social anthropologists. One should add that during all of this time Marius Barbeau, an anthropologist of British training, was rummaging around for evidence of the nearly lost arts of early French Canada. He had no fixed place in a university. Edward Sapir, also an anthropologist and one who had a great influence on American sociologists and social psychologists, had spent some time in Canada under the same auspices as other Canadian ethnologists-the Bureau of Mines. The sociological mood was not completely wanting in Canada, but sociologists were, to put it mildly, not a group with strong vested interests. In fact, the students of that time were inclined to complain that sociologists assigned them far too many books and articles concerning the States. Professor Dawson warned me, when I joined him in 1927, that my predecessor, also an American, had been given quite a runaround on this point. When it came up in one of my classes, I countered by assigning large doses from English social and housing surveys. When the students complained of that, too, I suggested that we might all get together and create our own research on Canada.

Book Reviews: Book Reviews are Indexed in the Book Review Index Sociology in Action: A Critique of Selected Conceptions of the Social Rôle of the Sociologist, The Sociology of Leisure, New Directions in Sociology, The Use of Models in the Social Sciences, Escape Attempts: The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Everyday Life, Language, Schools and Classrooms, Elements of Sampling,

The paper aims at marking a common ground for sociology of dwelling, sociology of ageing and social gerontology in the concept of ageing in place. Disciplines’ tangence focuses on the notion of place (and sociology of place) and how it alters when ageing is accompanied by frailty. The paper’s goal is to reveal a certain disturbance in person – place relation and its consequences. The place here is referred to older adults’ dwellings, therefore it is a narrower reference. In order to achieve the goal, I point to phenomena and tendencies creating a background for the concept of ageing in place, discuss the concept itself and analyze the very disturbance of person-place relation. It is reflected in the paper’s structure and sequence of problems’ analysis. The article composes of a scientific literature review (parts on phenomena and tendencies in the background of ageing in place concept, the concept itself and sociology of place) and of a discussion based on primary conclusions of a research initiative I participated in 2017 (the part on ageing in place disturbances).

This collection brings together many of the world’s leading sociologists of education to explore and address key issues and concerns within the discipline. The chapters draw upon theory and research to provide new accounts of contemporary educational processes, global trends, and changing and enduring forms of social conflict and social inequality. The research, conducted by leading international scholars in the field, indicates that two complexly interrelated agendas are discernible in the heat and noise of educational change over the past 25 years. The first rests on a clear articulation by the state of its requirements of education. The second promotes at least the appearance of greater autonomy on the part of educational institutions in the delivery of those requirements. The Routledge International Handbook of the Sociology of Education examines the ways in which the sociology of education has responded to these two political agendas, addressing a range of issues which cover three key areas: Perspectives and Theories Social Processes and Practices Inequalities and Resistances The book strongly communicates the vibrancy and diversity of the sociology of education and the nature of ‘sociological work’ in this field. It will be a primary resource for teachers, as well as a title of major interest to practising sociologists of education.