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On Credibility, Clarity, and Compliance

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and capable of unlimited self-renewal. Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism may contribute to the advancement of cell-based regenerative medicine. In the present work, we performed a large scale analysis of the phosphoproteome in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Using multiplex strategies, we detected 4581 proteins and 3970 high confidence distinct phosphosites in 1642 phosphoproteins. Notably, 22 prominent phosphorylated stem cell marker proteins with 39 novel phosphosites were identified for the first time by mass spectrometry, including phosphorylation sites in NANOG (Ser-65) and RE1 silencing transcription factor (Ser-950 and Thr-953). Quantitative profiles of NANOG peptides obtained during the differentiation of mES cells revealed that the abundance of phosphopeptides and non-phosphopeptides decreased with different trends. To our knowledge, this study presents the largest global characterization of phosphorylation in mES cells. Compared with a study of ultimately differentiated tissue cells, a bioinformatics analysis of the phosphorylation data set revealed a consistent phosphorylation motif in human and mouse ES cells. Moreover, investigations into phosphorylation conservation suggested that phosphoproteins were more conserved in the undifferentiated ES cell state than in the ultimately differentiated tissue cell state. However, the opposite conclusion was drawn from this conservation comparison with phosphosites. Overall, this work provides an overview of phosphorylation in mES cells and is a valuable resource for the future understanding of basic biology in mES cells.

Search engines match user queries with webpages. Search efficiency, increases when data-driven network effects attract more users and generate economies of scale and scope in data aggregation. Network effects enhance user welfare but also trigger antitrust concerns because they may “tip” the market towards a single dominant search engine – Google Search. The EU Digital Markets Act imposes an obligation on very large gatekeepers search engines to share their user data with smaller search engines to facilitate market entry and competition. The available empirical literature on search engine efficiency shows that asymmetric data sharing, from larger to smaller search engines, may increase competition but reduce user welfare because it fragments the user data pool that is crucial for efficiency, in particular for rare queries. Tension between competition and user welfare can be overcome by symmetric and mutual data sharing between all search engines, irrespective of market share.

We present the first large scale study characterizing both N- and O-linked glycosylation in a site-specific manner on hundreds of proteins. We demonstrate that a lectin-affinity fractionation step using wheat germ agglutinin enriches not only peptides carrying intracellular O-GlcNAc, but also those bearing ER/Golgi-derived N- and O-linked carbohydrate structures. Liquid chromatography-MS (LC/MS) analysis with high accuracy precursor mass measurements and high sensitivity ion trap electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) were utilized for structural characterization of glycopeptides. Our results reveal both the identity of the precise sites of glycosylation and information on the oligosaccharide structures possible on these proteins. We report a novel iterative approach that allowed us to interpret the ETD data set directly without making prior assumptions about the nature and distribution of oligosaccharides present in our glycopeptide mixture. Over 2500 unique N- and O-linked glycopeptides were identified on 453 proteins. The extent of microheterogeneity varied extensively, and up to 19 different oligosaccharides were attached at a given site. We describe the presence of the well-known mucin-type structures for O-glycosylation, an EGF-domain-specific fucosylation and a rare O-mannosylation on the transmembrane phosphatase Ptprz1. Finally, we identified three examples of O-glycosylation on tyrosine residues.

Perceptions and Competence in Evidence-Based Medicine: A Survey of the American Urological Association Membership

Researchers rely on academic Web search engines to find scientific sources, but search engine mechanisms may selectively present content that aligns with biases embedded in queries. This study examines whether confirmation biased queries prompted into Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar will yield results aligned with a query’s bias. Six queries (topics across health and technology domains such as ‘vaccines’, ‘Internet use’) were analyzed for disparities in search results. We confirm that biased queries (targeting ‘benefits’ or ‘risks’) affect search results in line with bias, with technology-related queries displaying more significant disparities. Overall, Semantic Scholar exhibited fewer disparities than Google Scholar. Topics rated as more polarizing did not consistently show more disparate results. Academic search results that perpetuate confirmation bias have strong implications for both researchers and citizens searching for evidence. More research is needed to explore how scientific inquiry and academic search engines interact.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of various search engines and meta search engines by Indian academics for retrieving information on the web. It also aims to know whether the academics use search strategy of various search engines for retrieval of information or not, and how the Indian academics learn the various search strategies for using search engines. Design/methodology/approach – The data collection instruments used for this study were a questionnaire and follow-up interviews with students and faculty members. The questionnaire consisted of various questions which were designed to elicit the use of search engines, search strategies and method of leaning the search strategies of search engines. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 300 duly filled copies were returned, constituting a 66.66 percent response rate. The data thus collected were analysed with the help of the SPSS (version 19.0) statistical package to present the findings in percentage and test the formulated hypothesis. Findings – The findings of the survey show that the majority of the respondents most frequently used Google (91.93 percent) and Yahoo (43.85 percent) while Dogpile and Ixquick (35.78 percent each) were less frequently used by the respondents. 65.26 percent of respondents used the search strategy for retrieving information. The study also shows that there is a significant relationship between the respondent's profession and use of search engines (p=0.018) as well use search strategies of search engines (p=0.028). Method of learning the search strategies of search engines is also associated with the respondent's profession (p=0.008). Originality/value – The results of this study have clear implications for information literacy instruction in the context of search engines. The study recommends that there is a need to conduct intensive training for students and faculty members in order for them to acquire the essential search strategies for effective information retrieval. The findings of the study will be helpful to concerned authorities to enhance the effective and efficient use of search engines by the respondents.

Access to electronic information resources is believed to enhance medical students’ academic engagement, research skills, and performance. Search engines emerged to render the responsibilities. However, if accessibility is disrupted, students’ activities could be negatively altered.This study investigates the influence of search engines and accessibility of electronic information resources (EIRs) on academic activities among 585 medical students at the College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Employing a correlational survey design, a sample of 233 students from seven departments was selected using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) with a 93% response rate and analysed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential (logistic regression) statistics. Findings reveal high engagement in literature reviews, research projects, and exam preparation (x̅= 1.91–1.93), but low participation in evidence-based medicine assignments and journal clubs (x̅= 1.40–1.49). EIR accessibility is low, with multimedia resources moderately used (x̅ = 1.63) compared to online journals and e-books (x̅= 1.24–1.39). YouTube is the most used search engine (x̅ = 1.84), while academic search engines like Google Scholar are underutilized (x̅ = 1.26). Logistic regression indicates significant relationships between multimedia search engines (OR = 2.48, p < 0.001), Google Scholar (OR = 1.68, p = 0.001), and EIR accessibility, and between multimedia resources (OR = 2.29, p < 0.001), e-books (OR = 1.79, p < 0.001), and academic activities. Low digital literacy and institutional barriers limit EIR use. The study concluded that search engines play significant roles in accessing EIR and enhanced academic activities depend on extent to which EIR are used through accessibility. It is recommended that mandatory workshops, promotional campaigns, and provision of digital infrastructure should be the priorities of libraries with financial support from governments.

AAIM Recommendations to Promote Equity in the Clerkship Clinical Learning Environment

Введение: Колоректальный рак (КРР) является одним из наиболее распространенных видов рака. Он занимает третье место по заболеваемости и второе место по смертности во всем мире. Целью обзора было изучить существующую литературу по оценке качества жизни (КЖ) пациентов с КРР с использованием различных инструментов в мире и Республике Казахстан. Стратегия поиска. В обзор были включены исследования за период с 2011 по 2022 год. Критерием для включенияв обзор было изучение качества жизни у пациентов с КРР. При поиске литературы использовались следующие поисковые системы: Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar. Всего было найдено 194 публикации на тему "Оценка качества жизни у пациентов с КРР", из которых 30 публикаций соответствовали основной цели нашего исследования. Результаты: Обзор литературы показал, что КРР чаще встречается у мужчин, а основная возрастная группа - пожилые люди старше 50 лет. Однако КЖ женщин во многих странах ниже, чем у мужчин. Чаще всего у пациентов страдает физическое и социальное функционирование, а среди основных симптомов отмечаются финансовые трудности и усталость. Диагноз КРР может приводить к функциональным и физическим нарушениям, а также к понижению работоспособности. Вывод: Во многих странах КЖ пациентов с КРР остается на среднем уровне с точки зрения социальных, клинических, физических и финансовых аспектов. Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers; it has the third highest incidence and second highest mortality worldwide. The aim of the review was to examine the existing literature on quality of life (QOL) assessment of patients with CRC using various tools worldwide and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Search strategy. The review included studies from 2011 to 2022. The criterion for inclusion in the review was the study of quality of life in patients with CRC. The following search engines were used in the literature search: Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar. A total of 194 publications on "Assessment of quality of life in patients with CRC" were found, of which 30 publications corresponded to the main purpose of our study. Results of the review: A review of the literature showed that CRC is more common in men, and the main age group is the elderly over 50 years of age. However, the QOL of women in many countries is lower than men. Physical and social functioning is most often affected, and financial difficulties and fatigue are among the main symptoms. A diagnosis of CRC can lead to functional and physical impairment, as well as decreased ability to work. Conclusion: In many countries, the QOL of patients with CRC remains at an average level in terms of social, clinical, physical and financial aspects. Кіріспе:Колоректальды қатерлі ісік(КРҚІ) - ең көп таралған қатерлі ісіктердің бірі; ол бүкіл әлем бойынша аурушаңдық бойынша үшінші және өлімбойынша екінші орында. Шолудың мақсаты әлемде және Қазақстан Республикасында түрлі құралдарды пайдалана отырып, КРҚІ науқастарының өмір сүру сапасын бағалау бойынша қолданыстағы әдебиеттерді зерттеу болды. Іздеу стратегиясы. Шолу 2011-2022 жылдар аралығындағы зерттеулерді қамтыды. Шолуға енгізу критерийі КРҚІ бар науқастардың өмір сүру сапасын зерттеу болды. Әдебиеттерді іздеу кезінде келесі іздеу жүйелері қолданылды: Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar. Барлығы194 "КРҚІ науқастарыныңң өмір сүру сапасын бағалау" тақырыбында басылым табылды, оның 30 басылымы біздің зерттеуіміздің негізгі мақсатына сәйкес келді. Нәтижелер: Әдебиеттерге шолу көрсеткендей, КРҚІ ер азаматтарда жиі кездеседі, ал негізгі жас тобы 50 жастан асқан қарт адамдар. Алайда, көптеген елдерде әйелдердің өмір сапасы ер азаматтарға қарағанда төмен. Көбінесе науқастар физикалық және әлеуметтік қызметтен зардап шегеді, ал негізгі белгілердің арасында қаржылық қиындықтар мен шаршау байқалады. КРҚІ диагнозы функционалды және физикалық бұзылуларға, сондай-ақ жұмыс қабіліттілігінің төмендеуіне әкелуі мүмкін. Қорытынды: Көптеген елдерде КРҚІ науқастарыныңң өмір сапасы әлеуметтік, клиникалық, физикалық және қаржылық аспектілері бойынша орташа деңгейде қалады.

Further studies are needed to assess the competing therapies for neck pain

Priority claims for surgical techniques

Social Media Posts and Search Engine Queries as the Canary in the Coal Mine for Public Health Surveillance

Charting a Professional Course: A Review of Mentorship in Medicine