Common Nutrient Depletions Caused by Pharmaceuticals

Color lines: Disparities in pharmacy treatment, education, and practice

Transfusion MedicineVolume 19, Issue 3 p. 149-151 The need for computerized tracking systems for resource-limited settings: the example of Georgetown, Guyana S. V. Basavaraju, Corresponding Author S. V. Basavaraju U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Global AIDS, HIV Prevention Branch, Medical Transmission Team, Atlanta, GA, USASridhar V. Basavaraju, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemic Intelligence Service, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Tel.: 404 639 6341; fax: 404 639 8114;e-mail:[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJ. P. Pitman, J. P. Pitman U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Global AIDS, HIV Prevention Branch, Medical Transmission Team, Atlanta, GA, USASearch for more papers by this authorN. Henry, N. Henry U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guyana,Search for more papers by this authorC. McEwan, C. McEwan Guyana National Blood Transfusion Service, GuyanaSearch for more papers by this authorC. Harry, C. Harry U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guyana,Search for more papers by this authorL. Hasbrouck, L. Hasbrouck U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guyana,Search for more papers by this authorL. Marum, L. Marum U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Global AIDS, HIV Prevention Branch, Medical Transmission Team, Atlanta, GA, USASearch for more papers by this author S. V. Basavaraju, Corresponding Author S. V. Basavaraju U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Global AIDS, HIV Prevention Branch, Medical Transmission Team, Atlanta, GA, USASridhar V. Basavaraju, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemic Intelligence Service, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Tel.: 404 639 6341; fax: 404 639 8114;e-mail:[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJ. P. Pitman, J. P. Pitman U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Global AIDS, HIV Prevention Branch, Medical Transmission Team, Atlanta, GA, USASearch for more papers by this authorN. Henry, N. Henry U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guyana,Search for more papers by this authorC. McEwan, C. McEwan Guyana National Blood Transfusion Service, GuyanaSearch for more papers by this authorC. Harry, C. Harry U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guyana,Search for more papers by this authorL. Hasbrouck, L. Hasbrouck U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guyana,Search for more papers by this authorL. Marum, L. Marum U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Global AIDS, HIV Prevention Branch, Medical Transmission Team, Atlanta, GA, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 June 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00925.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume19, Issue3June 2009Pages 149-151 RelatedInformation

The Importance of Vaccinations

Ten Million Calls and Counting: Progress and Promise of Tobacco Quitlines in the U.S.

With the aid of ion exchange column chromatography we determined quantitatively the free amino acids in thermal sweat of the total human body surface. Sweat of 60 healthy men and 63 healthy women (aged 18-31 years) collected during 12 min of sauna bathing was investigated. Thirty men and 31 women were well trained, 33 women were taking oral, hormonal contraceptives. Sweat was deproteinised by adding an equal volume of 5% sulphosalicylic acid. 1. The comparison of the women taking oral contraceptives with the women not taking oral contraceptives showed no qualitative or significant quantitative differences in the excretion of amino acids in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface. 2. The comparison of the trained women with the untrained women neither revealed qualitative or significant quantitative differences in the excretion of amino acids in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface. 3. As compared to the trained men, untrained men excreted in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface significantly more alanine, arginine, citrulline, cystine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine. 4. The sex-specific comparison of the amino acid excretion in sweat showed that men had a significantly increased excretion of cystine, histidine, leucine, and taurine. Proline was detected only in the sweat of women. 5. The quantitative results obtained for the amino acid excretions during 12 min of sauna bathing suggest that persons exposed to hard, physical activity and/or high environmental temperatures have quite equal amino acid losses in sweat and in 24 h urine.

Monkeypox: Considerations as a New Pandemic Looms

What should I do when a patient just wants antibiotics?

In December 2019, reports emerged of pneumonia clusters of unknown cause at health facilities in Wuhan, China. These cases were linked to a wet animal wholesale market in the region and, after extensive epidemiologic investigation, led to identification of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). COVID-19 is among a family of viruses – called coronaviruses – that can affect both humans and animals (Zhu et al., 2020). Coronavirus infections are respiratory in nature and can range from the common cold with mild symptoms to more severe infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (Perlman, 2020; World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). The newly identified COVID-19 infection typically presents as fever, tiredness, fatigue, and dry cough (Huang et al., 2020). However, more severe symptoms such as dyspnoea, diarrhoea, pneumonia, and others have been reported. As of 9 March 2020, cases of COVID-19 have been reported in countries across the world. The global number of reported cases has surpassed 100,000 with almost 4,000 deaths (WHO, 2020). China remains the highest risk area but, clearly, COVID-19 is a global health problem. Nurses are central to COVID-19 prevention and response efforts. Nursing is the largest healthcare profession in the US and the world, with approximately 3.8 million nurses in the US and over 20 million nurses worldwide. Nurses are providing front-line care in the most patient-facing role to complex COVID-19 cases that require hospitalization. Individuals who have preexisting health vulnerabilities are at greatest risk for COVID-19 complications or mortality and nursing resources are critical to managing this population. Public health experts predict that healthcare and hospital resources will become even more urgently needed as COVID-19 spreads in communities (Jiang et al., 2020; Pan, Wang, & Huang, 2020). As one of the most trusted health professional groups, nurses also play a key role in providing public education on disease prevention and reducing the spread of misinformation around the outbreak. There has been widespread misinformation on how COVID-19 is transmitted, who is at risk of transmitting or receiving the virus and where outbreaks are occurring (Wen, Aston, Liu, & Ying, 2020). For example, in some cases, Chinese and other Asian individuals have been assumed to be at higher risk for being infected with COVID-19 simply because of their nationality or race, resulting in stigma and xenophobia (Wen et al., 2020). There has also been misinformation about appropriate use of face masks. Some individuals have assumed that they are protected from COVID-19 by wearing a face mask – even though evidence is mixed from studies of other viral infections – and may neglect more efficacious infection prevention measures (e.g., handwashing) while also limiting the availability of face masks for response professionals who need them (Cowling, Zhou, Ip, Leung, & Aiello, 2010; WHO, 2020). Such misinformation may be spread via traditional media, social media, or in communities and can interfere with public health response efforts. Because of the unique patient-facing nature of nursing work in community, outpatient, and acute care settings, there are occupational risks to providing care during the COVID-19 outbreak. It is essential that nurses are supported to protect themselves during the management of COVID-19 in clinical care with clear infection control protocols (standard, contact, and airborne) and adequate availability of personal protective equipment at their place of work, including/N95 respirators, masks, gowns, eye protection, face shields, and gloves (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2020). Healthcare facilities employing nurses must ensure consistent availability and use of hand hygiene supplies; provide updated information on screening, isolation, quarantine, and triage procedures based on guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or other appropriate public health agencies; and coordinate with local, state, or national outbreak management efforts (ANA, 2020). Healthcare leaders should closely monitor the well-being, occupational health, and safety of their clinical nursing staff. Nurses have a responsibility to stay home if they have travelled to areas that have declared states of emergency or contract COVID-19 in their work. Healthcare leaders must support and provide resources for nurses who are exposed to COVID-19 or experience other outbreak-related harm as a result of their work, even if nursing resources become strained. Despite these occupational risks and the immediate need for health system interventions to support nurses, nursing also has unique responsibilities in the COVID-19 outbreak. Nurses will continue to be at the front line of patient care in hospitals and closely involved with assessment and monitoring in outpatient and community settings. They must ensure that all patients receive individualized, high-quality care regardless of their infection status and participate in preparation for increased nursing and health system demand related to COVID-19. Nurses also must continue to provide education to patients and the public about the outbreak. This includes confronting misinformation, directing communities to reputable public health resources such as the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and promoting evidence-based infection prevention measures (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 2020; WHO, 2020). Leaders and educators in nursing should provide education to clinical nurses and support staff about current COVID-19 issues and risks specific to their practice area (e.g., paediatrics, maternal–infant health, nursing homes, schools, places of worship). This education should extend to nursing students, who may have additional considerations related to being in a campus environment. Finally, nurses should advocate for local, state, and national policy response to the COVID-19 outbreak and support local preparedness and prevention efforts (International Council of Nurses, 2020; National Nurses United, 2020). Particularly, there is a need for care coordination across public health departments, communities, and healthcare systems that nurses are ideally suited to providing. A global outbreak requires the active participation of the nursing workforce in clinical care, education and information sharing, public health, and policy. Nurses are already fully engaged in COVID-19 response and, with appropriate support, will be key players in ending the outbreak. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors in relation to the study itself. Note that M. Cynthia LOGSDON is a JAN editor but, in line with usual practice, this paper was edited by another editor. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Clinical Preventive Medicine in Primary Care: Background and Practice: 1. Rationale and Current Preventive Practices

Cardiology Patient Page. C-reactive protein: a simple test to help predict risk of heart attack and stroke.

Moving from awareness to action on preventing patient exposure to toxic environmental chemicals

In reply—Contra Contraception

The goal of this American Heart Association Guide for Improving Cardiovascular Health at the Community Level (AHA Community Guide) is to provide a comprehensive inventory of evidence-based goals, strategies, and recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke prevention that can be implemented on a community level. This guide advances the 2003 AHA Community Guide1 and the 2005 AHA statement on guidance for implementation2 by incorporating new evidence for community interventions gained over the past decade, expanding the target audience to include a broader range of community advocates, aligning with the concepts and terminology of the AHA 2020 Impact Goals, and recognizing the contributions of new public and private sector programs involving community interventions. In recent years, expanding arrays of programs and policies have been implemented in increasingly diverse communities to provide tools, strategies, and other best practices to potentially reduce the incidence of initial and recurrent cardiovascular events. The AHA Community Guide complements the AHA statement entitled “Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits”3 and supports the AHA 2020 goal4 to “improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20%, while reducing deaths from CVDs and stroke by 20%.” The present AHA Community Guide supports the AHA 2020 goal by identifying exemplary regional or national programs that encourage cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors (formerly addressing risk behaviors and risk factors) from which communities might acquire proven strategies, expertise, and technical assistance for improving cardiovascular health. The AHA Community Guide seeks to prevent the onset of disease (primary prevention) and to maintain optimal cardiovascular health (primordial prevention) among broader segments of the population. Prior research indicates that using public health strategies such as sodium reduction in processed foods to lower blood pressure,5–8 tobacco laws to promote smoking cessation,9–11 and modification of …

Need for and Effectiveness of Menu Labeling

Insurance is not a magic bullet for the multiple birth problem associated with assisted reproductive technology