Communication beyond walls: an E-class project

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a learning transformation framework for analyzing how learning evolves during project-based learning (PBL) process. Here, the authors adopt Lewin’s (1951) change theory as an analytical lens to examine the project-based learning curriculum at a University called UNI-X. This is a major contribution to PBL literature, as little is known about the dynamics of learning during PBL process. In fact, the learning transformation framework can serve as the basis for further research in PBL process. For educators, this paper provides them with useful insights on how to break project members’ escalating commitment to previous failing ideas and accept alternative workable ideas. Educators can use the framework in post-mortem analyses of projects to devise useful actions for facilitating learning transformation during PBL process.Design/methodology/approachThe strategy used in this paper was to undertake in-depth case research of PBL courses developed and taught in UNI-X. Focused group interviews were conducted with 28 students, 12 faculty and 5 industry project sponsors asking specifically their perceptions of PBL’s course design, delivery and its impact on overall student experience.FindingsThis paper presents a learning transformation framework for analyzing the change process of how learners experiment new ideas, explore alternative ideas and eventually come to a consensus to accept new ideas during PBL in a collaborative project environment. By drawing upon a case study of UNI-X, the authors argue that unfreezing beliefs of previous ideas is critical if alternative ideas are to be developed. It is clear that the entire process of ‘unfreezing-changing-refreezing’ has occurred in the PBL courses at UNI-X and enacted through unfreezing beliefs in previous ideas, changing previous beliefs and refreezing the new beliefs. Through interviews with students, instructors and project sponsors in the PBL courses, the authors gathered data to examine how project members could give up previous ideas and accept alternative ideas.Originality/valueThe authors adopt Lewin’s (1951) change theory as an analytical lens to examine the project-based learning curriculum at UNI-X. This is a major contribution to PBL literature, as little is known about the dynamics of learning during PBL process. In fact, the learning transformation framework can serve as the basis for further research in PBL process.

Background: Inclusive STEM high schools employ a variety of instructional strategies, including PBL (problem and/or project-based learning) experiences, with the goals of building students' 21st century skills, facilitating long-term academic success, and encouraging pursuit of STEM careers. PBL approaches are central to the goals of inclusive STEM schools; however, at this writing, no description of the implementation of PBL at these schools exists. Material and Methods: The current study draws on classroom observations and teacher interviews to describe PBL implementation across schools and classrooms. We describe specific instructional practices and classroom behaviors that teachers and students engage in during PBL. Results: Results highlight the multifaceted and multidimensional nature of PBL implementation, and that consistencies in practice do exist across inclusive STEM schools. Additionally, quantitative results show increased use of particular strategies in PBL experiences, as compared with non-PBL classes. Conclusions: This paper provides an in-depth look at instructional practices used in PBL approaches at inclusive STEM schools across the country, and findings have implications for how researchers and practitioners understand and use PBL going forward.

Project-based collaborative engineering learning to develop Industry 4.0 skills within a PLM framework

Most engineering curricula in the United States include some form of major design project experiences for students, such as capstone courses or design-build-fly projects. Such courses are examples of project-based learning (PBL). Part of PBL is to prepare students—and future engineers—to deal with and prevent common project failures such as missing requirements, overspending, and schedule delays. But how well are students performing once they join the workforce? Unfortunately, despite our best efforts to prepare future engineers as best we can, the frequency of failures of complex projects shows no signs of decreasing. In 2020 only 53% of projects were on time, 59% within budget, and 69% met their goal, as reported by the Project Management Institute. If we want to improve success rates in industry projects, letting students get the most out of their PBL experience and be better prepared to deal with project failures before they join the workforce may be a viable starting point. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to identify and suggest improvements to areas that PBL lacks when it comes to preparing students for failure, to investigate student behaviors that lead to project failures, and to improve these behaviors by providing helpful feedback to students. To investigate the actions and behaviors that lead to events that cause failures in student projects, I introduced “crowd signals”, which are data collected directly from the students that are part of a project team. In total, I developed 49 survey questions that collect these crowd signals. To complete the first part of the dissertation, I conducted a first experiment with 28 student teams and their instructors in two aerospace engineering PBL courses at Purdue University. The student teams were working on aircraft designs or low-gravity experiments.Does PBL provide sufficient opportunities for students to fail safely, and learn from the experience? How can we improve? To identify areas that PBL may lack, I compared industry failure cause occurrence rates with similar rates from student teams in PBL courses, and then provided recommendations to PBL instructors. Failure causes refer to events that frequently preceded budget, schedule, or requirements failures in industry, and are identified from the literature. Through this analysis, I found that PBL does not prepare students sufficiently for situations where the failure cause missing a design aspect occurs. The failure cause is fundamentally linked to proper systems engineering: it represents a scenario where, for example, students failed to consider an important requirement during system development, or did not detect a design flaw, or component incompatibility. I provided four recommendations to instructors who want to give their students more opportunities to learn from this failure cause, so they are better prepared to tackle it as engineers. Is crowdsourced information from project team members a good indicator of future failure occurrences in student projects? I developed models that predict the occurrence of future budget, schedule, or requirements failures, using crowd signals and other information as inputs, and interpreted those models to get an insight on which student actions are likely to lead to project failures. The final models correctly predict, on average, 73.11±6.92% of budget outcomes, 75.27%±9.21% of schedule outcomes, and 76.71±6.90% of technical requirements outcomes. The previous status of the project is the only input variable that appeared to be important in all three final predictive models for all three metrics. Overall, crowdsourced information is a useful source of knowledge to assess likelihood of future failures in student projects. Does targeted feedback that addresses the failure causes help reduce failures in student projects? To improve student behaviors that lead to project failures, I used correlations between failure measures and the crowd signals as a guide to generate 35 feedback statements. To evaluate whether the feedback statements help reduce project failures in the student teams, I conducted a second experiment at Purdue University with 14 student teams and their instructors. The student teams were enrolled in aircraft design, satellite design, or propulsion DBT courses. The student teams were split in two treatment groups: teams that received targeted feedback (i.e., feedback that aimed to address the failure causes that the specific team is most prone to) and teams that received non-targeted feedback (i.e., feedback that is positive, but does not necessarily address the failure causes the specific team is most prone to). Through my analysis, I found that my targeted feedback does not reduce the failure occurrences in terms of any metrics, compared to the non-targeted feedback. However, qualitative evaluations from the students indicated that student teams who received targeted feedback made more changes to their behaviors and thought the feedback was more helpful, compared to the student teams who received non-targeted feedback.

Student-centered learning approach, which embodies shifting the focus of instruction from teacher to student, actively engages students in their own learning process by incorporating their learning skills and interests. With the developments in instructional technologies making online learning widespread, the student-centered learning approach has found the opportunity to transition from theory to practice. How project-based learning, which is one of the best application areas of student-centered learning, can be realized in online learning environments and the views of pre-service teachers about this experience are the research subjects of this study. Conducted as a descriptive case study, this study investigates the views and experiences of 55 Computer and Instructional Technologies Education Department students towards application of project-based learning in an online course. Data gathered through close-ended Likert type questionnaire, open-ended questionnaire and self-evaluation reports revealed that project-based learning method provided learners with gains in terms of comprehension of course content through hands-on experience, developing research skills, improving collaboration and group work skills, and creating something by making use of their imagination and creativity in a fun way.

Project-based learning (PBL) has gained traction in higher education as an effective pedagogical approach that promotes active learning, critical thinking, and the practical application of knowledge. Unlike traditional lecture-based methods, PBL engages students in collaborative projects that simulate real-world challenges, thereby enhancing their problem-solving skills. However, a notable gap exists in understanding how these theoretical benefits translate into actual student experiences. Therefore, this study aims to investigate undergraduate students’ perspectives and experiences in project-based learning. By understanding students’ perspectives and experiences, this research highlights the benefits, challenges, and overall effectiveness of PBL. A qualitative research design was employed, involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 30 undergraduate students. The students were exposed to project-based learning in research methodology and software development courses. The interviews were conducted in person and via video conferencing, ensuring a comfortable environment for participants to share their insights. The data collected from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns. The thematic analysis revealed several key themes: the importance of consistent attendance due to the tailored and sequential nature of PBL; the facilitation of deeper understanding and the practical application of theoretical concepts; difficulties in adapting to PBL, especially when transitioning from traditional teaching methods; benefits and logistical challenges of collaboration; the crucial role of the iterative process of assessment and feedback in mastering concepts; and the fostering of autonomy and the development of essential skills such as time management and problem-solving.

This study explores the effectiveness of podcasting as an approach to project-based and experiential learning implemented in an intermediate Italian studies unit at an Australian university. In the project, students are asked to write and record a podcast script on a topic related to their experience as university students or to events concerning Italian culture or the Italian community in Australia. The podcasts are then used in class as learning material and some are also made available to an Australian Italian language radio service. The findings of our mixed-method study on students’ evaluation of the project show that the activity is effective in helping students develop, reflect on and gain more confidence in their L2 skills (particularly pronunciation), and it also fosters the acquisition of non-linguistic skills, such as time management, problem solving, interpersonal abilities and autonomy. The results offer some important insights for future implementations of the project and further confirm the benefits of project-based experiential learning, and of podcasting specifically, as a learning tool in language teaching.

This research work presents an experience of the Faculty of Engineering of Mondragon Unibertsitatea using Project Based Learning (PBL) with the students of 4th semester of Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Organization Engineering (IOE). The PBL delved into the concepts developed in the subjects of Management Systems and Production Logistics. The project was contextualized in a company that produced parts for the automotive sector. Teams of students implemented a management system that enabled the efficient management of materials and the production process using tools such as Demand Driven MRP (DDRMP). As a result, they had to solve the proposed problem, develop a simulation and choose the proposal that best met the needs of the company. In order to assess PBL performance a survey was carried out. The results confirmed that the experience was positive since the achieved knowledge provided a meaningful learning experience for the students, while facilitating the development of both technical and transversal competences.

This research investigated the impact of the Meta Virtual Project-based Networked Learning (Meta VPNL) model on student performance within a virtual learning environment (VLE) in the subject of The Development of Audio/Radio Media at the State University of Surabaya. The study aimed to address the problem of low student engagement and practical skills development in traditional VLEs. By integrating meta-learning, project-based learning (PjBL), and networked learning, the Meta VPNL model sought to enhance student engagement, collaboration, practical skills, and self-regulation. Qualitative data were collected through reflective journals, focus groups, and observations. The findings indicated that the Meta VPNL model significantly increased student engagement and motivation due to its hands-on, real-world projects. Students developed better collaboration and communication skills, with many reporting improved teamwork and problem-solving abilities. Practical skills related to the subject also showed marked improvement, demonstrating the model's effectiveness in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Furthermore, students exhibited increased self-regulation and meta-learning skills, becoming more autonomous learners. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges in time management and balancing coursework were noted, highlighting the need for additional support. The study suggests practical actions for educators, institutions, and students to enhance the learning experience. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the Meta VPNL model could offer personalized learning experiences and facilitate effective collaboration, presenting an exciting opportunity for future improvement. The Meta VPNL model proved a practical approach for enhancing student performance in VLEs.

In accordance with the changing scope of culture learning (CL), i.e., intercultural knowledge development, since the 1990s onwards, this study intends to explore the potential of CL through project work concerning intercultural knowledge construction and its experiences within a preservice English teacher education. In other words, the research employs project-based learning (PBL) as a tool to incorporate the principles of constructivism and experiential education. This study modified Stoller's (1997) PBL model into a seven-step sequence, which was embedded in the midst of a CL course for eight weeks. The study used three data sources collected from eleven participants: group projects, weekly journals, and post-project written reflections. The results are as follows. First, students showed intercultural knowledge construction by: 1) producing four projects, each for a cultural topic of Korean, American, and other international cultures; and 2) expressing they built deep intercultural knowledge, understood the interwoven nature of culture, and developed genuine interest in the cultures. Second, the study identified four perceived PBL's benefits: metacognitive skills practice, language practice, student-centered active learning, and integration of PBL theory and practice. Finally, PBL's challenges were identified: many time-consuming tasks, insufficient language competence, unfamiliar cultural topics, and being unaccustomed to student-centeredness.

Based on the grounds and underpinnings for the DELO model presented in Chap. 4. This chapter brings about the project-based action learning (PAL) framework, that serves as the OL vehicle for any organizations that are keen on implementing OL as the development strategy. In this chapter, the rationale and core notions, such as action learning, project-based learning and team learning process are discussed.

Engineering technology students revel in enhanced learning experiences that include the use of hands-on methods to teach the real-world usage of the tech-nical material. These learning experiences increase applied knowledge and retention in these students and others in related STEM fields. Using research-based learning theory in a project-based and team-based learning environment, the course developers transformed the learning experience from sterile lecture type courses to interactive experiences that enhance and build on the course concepts. Surveys were used to further delve into student perception of the learning experience providing faculty with an assurance that students have ful-ly developed a level of competency in the desired topic used in the interven-tion. The goal of this research is to further delve into the use of personalized learning to engage and encourage student growth.
 Course developers incorporated known practices of team and project-based learning theory when making changes to the course foundation. The application of project-based learning theory is based on literature reviews, and the results seen within similar technology and engineering based STEM disciplines. Course surveys were used to collect information from the students to further understand how changes to the course delivery impacted them and affected the learning environment.
 Initial results suggest improved student engagement, and engagement with course materials as a result of the transformation of class delivery. Evidence shows that the classroom experience is enhanced by this type of activity. Sup-porting findings by researchers in other areas show that experiential or active learning improves students’ understanding and engagement with concepts taught through project-based learning methods.

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of project-based Arabic learning in improving students' critical thinking skills. The research used a qualitative approach with the design of a case study involving 30 madrasah aliyah students. Data is collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and analysis of project documents. Research results show that project-based learning encourages student active involvement, improves learning motivation, and develops critical thinking skills. Students showed improvements in analytical, problem-solving, and communication skills. In addition, this approach also develops social skills such as cooperation and intercultural competence. This finding supports a constructivist theory that emphasizes the importance of active and contextual learning. Research recommendations include training for teachers in project-based learning methods and development of more varied projects to enrich student learning experiences. Overall, project-based Arabic learning has proven to provide broad benefits in the context of education in the era of globalization.

This study entitled "Improving Writing Skills of Observation Report Text Using Project Based Learning (PJBL) Method for Grade X Students of Sma Negeri 1 Jangka Buya, Pidie Jaya Regency" raises the problem of How to improve writing skills of observation report text through Project Based Learning (PJBL) model in Grade X students of Sma Negeri 1 Jangka Buya. This study aims to describe the improvement of writing skills of observation report text through Project Based Learning (PJBL) model in Grade X students of Sma Negeri 1 Jangka Buya. This study is a descriptive study with qualitative approach. The approach in this study was taken because the researcher wanted to describe and get an overview related to improving writing skills of observation report text through Project Based Learning (PJBL) model in Grade X students of Sma. Data collection in this study used 3 (three) techniques, namely Observation, Interview and Documentation Study and added with a test of students' abilities that were given previous understanding. The results of the observation showed that students played an active role in improving writing skills of observation report text. The results of the material test (written test) showed an average score obtained by students of 82.3 with a KKM standard of 70. In answering the essay questions given, on average students were not only able to mention, but were also able to explain even in their own language. This shows that students not only remember the material given but also understand it. The results of interviews conducted with three informants from students concluded that the audio-visual media involved in drama learning helped them understand the material and provided a different learning experience.

This research is entitled Application of Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model in Improving Writing Skills in Indonesian Language Learning with a focus on the application of project-based learning methods in improving students' writing skills. The Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is a learning approach that emphasizes the active involvement of students through real projects that are relevant to everyday life. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the application of PjBL in improving students' writing skills in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, analyzing ten scientific articles published in the period 2022 to 2024. The results showed that the implementation of PjBL significantly improved students' writing skills, as well as encouraged the development of creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking skills. In addition, students reported increased motivation and engagement in the learning process. Nonetheless, challenges in implementing PjBL, such as the need for thorough preparation from teachers and effective time management, need to be considered. The conclusion of this study confirms that PjBL is an effective method to improve students' writing skills, and can be integrated in Indonesian language learning to create a more interesting and meaningful learning experience. The results of this research emphasize that PjBL is an effective, innovative and relevant learning method for equipping students with 21st century skills.