Communication issues.

BackgroundNurses play a unique and critical role in palliative care, and it is noteworthy that nurses often encounter ethical dilemmas in this field.ObjectiveThis review aims to conduct a summarised synthesis...

<p>This study examines the English language needs of mechanical engineers in Vietnam. A high demand for proficiency in English is increasing in ASEAN countries, including Vietnam. Vietnam in general and the important field of mechanical engineering, in particular, attracts many foreign investors and multinational organisations and this creates plurilingual and pluricultural workplaces where English is used as a lingua franca. Drawing on sociolinguistic theory, this pragmatic mixed method needs analysis study examines the English language communication needs of Vietnamese mechanical engineers at four workplaces in Vietnam. It investigates the kinds of real-world English skills required by Vietnamese mechanical engineers to function effectively in the workplace, the social factors that affect the use of English and the effects of breakdowns or other issues in communication in English. It draws on needs analysis models which have evolved from English for Specific Purposes, including those devised by Munby (1978) and more recently by The Common European Framework (CEF) Professional Profiles to establish key communicative events. To answer the study’s pragmatic questions about language use for practical purposes in the lingua franca, plurilingual and pluricultural workplace it also borrows from the theoretically eclectic model of the Wellington Workplace Project, a model grounded in the first language context (L1), and other more sociological studies of the relationship of language and power in international workplaces. The study employed questionnaire, semi-structured interview and observation for data collection. Questionnaires were completed by 22 managers of mechanical engineers and 71 professional mechanical engineers. Based on the initial questionnaire analysis, 12 participants from the two groups took part in the follow-up semi-structured interviews. Observations in four worksites provided rich data about the real-world use of English. The findings indicated a high frequency of English language use and the range of real-world English required by Vietnamese mechanical engineers for a range of communicative events including ordering spare parts, interpreting technical drawing and bidding for contracts. Mechanical engineers needed plurilingual and pluricultural competence to negotiate a range of accent, intonation and idiom in the lingua franca and plurilingual context. Minimal use of functional occupational language was sometimes sufficient for communication for the purpose of ‘getting things done’, but not always. Communication issues had financial consequences for the company, sometimes disastrous ones. Looking at the findings through the lens of arising communication issues helped to reveal some of the underlying power relationships in the workplace and some negative impacts on workplace solidarity. These findings demonstrate the urgency of the need for increased English language skills for mechanical engineers in Vietnam and for the wider economy of Vietnam. English was found to function as a source of ‘expert power’ and in a wider implication this revealed a hidden or ‘shadow’ power structure within the workplace affected by English language proficiency. People were empowered when they possessed a good level of English, which could help them save not only their own face but also the face of the company. More positively adaptive communicative strategies helped both mechanical engineers and their managers avoid communication issues. Adapting language for the purpose of ‘getting things done’ in turn interacted with low and high solidarity relationships. There was arguably an acceptance of a level of rudeness or abruptness in these workplace contexts. A high tolerance for the need to negotiate meaning in what could be described as not only a lingua franca but also a ‘poor English’ workplace context was sometimes observed. This tolerance sometimes but not always extended to the mobility of plurilingual repertoires such as code-switching, and some code-switching into Vietnamese was also observed on the part of long-term foreign managers. Humour also emerged as a dimension of high solidarity longer-term workplace relationships between Vietnamese mechanical engineers and foreign managers, even when all parties had limited English. The study argues that understanding why mechanical engineers needed specific types of English and the effect of the social dimensions of this language could help lessen issues in communication. The consequences of miscommunication should be addressed in the English-language training process. Students should be strategically prepared to meet the the high communication demands of the lingua franca and plurilingual workplace which requires both English for technical communication and English for social communication.</p>

Article People with intellectual disability and cancer: Issues of communication, access and comfort was published on October 1, 2008 in the journal International Journal on Disability and Human Development (volume 7, issue 4).

Przedmiot badań: Wiek XIX to czas dyskusji prowadzonej w niemieckojęzycznej nauce prawa na temat possessio. W orbicie zainteresowania prawników znalazła się m.in. problematyka współ­posiadania – compossessio. W ówczesnej naukowej narracji relacja polegająca na równoczesnym posiadaniu przez kilka osób tej samej rzeczy mogła przyjąć dwojaką postać: (com)possessio plu­rium in solidum lub compossessio pro indiviso. Cel badawczy: Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie dogmatyczno-prawnej analizy D. 41,2,3,5 (Paul. 54 ad ed.), której z początkiem XIX w. dokonał założyciel historycznej szko­ły prawa, wybitny niemiecki prawnik Friedrich Carl von Savigny. Stanowi ona z jednej strony przykład praktycznego wykorzystania ius Romanum do sformułowania zasady „współczesnego prawa rzymskiego”, z drugiej zaś potwierdza w szerokim zakresie porzymskie pochodzenie po­sesoryjnej siatki terminologicznej, z której korzystają dziś zarówno romaniści, jak i cywiliści. Wykorzystanie XIX-wiecznej perspektywy rozważań pozwoli na systematyczne przedstawienie takich zagadnień, jak wyłączność posiadania wyrażona zakazem (com)possessio plurium in soli­dum oraz dopuszczalność współposiadania – compossessio pro indiviso. Metoda badawcza: W artykule wykorzystano metody historyczno- oraz dogmatyczno-prawną. Wyniki: Na podstawie analizy D. 41,2,3,5 (Paul. 54 ad ed.) przeprowadzonej przez Savigny’ego, ukształtował się w XIX w. następujący pogląd. (Com)possessio plurium in solidum jest niedo­puszczalna ze względu na istotę posiadania będącego faktycznym władztwem człowieka nad rze­czą. Posiadacz, który fizycznie włada rzeczą z wolą zatrzymania jej dla siebie, sprawuje nad nią władztwo wyłączne. To oznacza, że tak długo, jak rzecz posiada, tak długo nie może posiadać jej druga osoba. W razie gdy stosując zakazaną samowolę osoba taka pozbawi posiadania dotychcza­sowego posiadacza, to współposiadanie nie powstanie ze względu na niemożliwość (com)possessio plurium in solidum. Oceny tej sytuacji nie zmienia okoliczność, że dotychczasowy posiadacz zachowuje prawną możliwość domagania się zwrotu utraconego posiadania za pomocą środ­ków przewidzianych przez prawo. Od równoczesnego współposiadania rzeczy in solidum należy odróżnić równoczesne współposiadanie pro indiviso. Są to relacje pokrewne tylko de nomine, dlatego niemożliwość (com)possessio plurium in solidum nie stoi na przeszkodzie dopuszczalno­ści compossessio pro indiviso. W tym znaczeniu współposiadanie pro indiviso stanowi, z histo­ryczno-prawnego punktu widzenia, wyjątek od reguły wyłączności posiadania.

Objectives The goals of this work were to critically explore the challenges faced by overseas nurses during their working careers in the UK, to critically explore the available support for overseas nurses, and to make recommendations on how to minimize the effects of these challenges, as well as how to provide more support for overseas nurses during their working careers in the UK. Methods A systematic and comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the said objectives. A search was conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Academic Search Complete databases for relevant research. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the included articles. A total of 8 studies including 6 qualitative studies, 1 quantitative study, and 1 mixed-method study were selected for literature review. The validity and reliability of these 8 studies were analyzed by using 2 appraisal tools. Results This review reveals 4 challenges, which overseas nurses experience in the past 15 years, including cultural differences, communication issues, unequal opportunities, and de-skilling. These challenges have a negative impact on overseas nurses’ emotions and career development. The formal and informal supports are revealed in this review. Various supports can help overseas nurses to work better. Conclusions This review reveals 4 challenges faced by overseas nurses, including cultural differences, communication issues, and unequal opportunities and de-skilling. These challenges naturally have a profound negative impact on the emotions and career development of overseas nurses. Additionally, the formal and informal support systems available to these nurses are reviewed. Various support systems can help overseas nurses work more effectively.

Communication issues in the control system of reactive power compensator for hydroelectric plant with induction generator The presented paper concerns the issues of communication networks applied to monitoring and control of reactive power compensator for small hydroelectric plants installed in areas distant from urban agglomerations. Ethernet, CAN, Modbus and GPRS transmission protocols has been used. Industrial programmable controller as a data collector has been used also.

Language and communication are the bedrock of qualitative enquiry. Language is a fundamental tool through which qualitative researchers seek to understand human behaviour, social processes and the cultural meanings that inscribe human behaviour. However, when conducting cross-cultural research, issues of language and communication become more complex and often require the assistance of interpreters/translators as “cultural brokers”. Cross-cultural research poses numerous methodological, epistemological and practical challenges, which are rarely debated in qualitative research. This chapter outlines the epistemological approach to language and communication in different research paradigms and demonstrates the implications of this for the rigour of qualitative enquiry. In particular, concepts of transparency, subjectivity and reflexivity, which are indicators of methodological rigour in qualitative research, are typically not applied to language assistants in cross-cultural qualitative research despite the critical role of language assistants in the generation of knowledge and its cultural interpretation. Improving cross-cultural qualitative research involves understanding how language and communication can affect rigour and addressing language and communication issues that underlie the entire research process. Failure to recognise and acknowledge the role of language and communication issues in cross-cultural research may impact on the rigour and reliability of the research.

This paper examines gender as a communication issue in mass media and public administration. Today gender studies is the one of the most developing field of social research all around the world. However, there are too many important research questions to study for communication scientists. For example, do gender studies contribute to the development of communication theory? Or do gender communication barriers exist and, if so, how they influence mass media? In Russia, until recently, gender has been studied mainly from political perspective and, more precisely, as a problem for public administration where gender imbalance exists. The authors aim to characterize gender communication studies in contemporary Russia. Data were collected from interviews and secondary data analysis of the Russian Science Citation Index. The review of scientific literature indicates that communications practices include the existence of communication barriers based on gender stereotypes. Authors come to the conclusion that changes in a corporate policy on a gender issues can open up new opportunities not only for women but for all society.

According to IMO, international trade 90% depends on seaborne trade. As demands continue to arise, ship’s size continues to increase simultaneously. As loading unloading occurs in port, safety issue regarding ship’s berthing is matters. This study aims to propose a process developing of safety factors in ship’s berthing, which might induce to an allision between ships and cranes. There are several risk factors such technical skills, communication issue, organizational gaps, port layout and facilities, and navigation. The identified risk events are ship’s maneuverability failure, ship’s machinery failure, and ship navigation failure, Meanwhile, the are six identified risk agents, there are lack of pilot competencies, insufficient tugboat power, climate condition, lack of competencies from crew on board, bad berthing procedures given by harbour master, and communication issue between port officer, boatmen, and tugboat pilots.

BackgroundLiving with cardiac implantable electronic devices requires patients to apply information skills.ObjectiveTo explore barriers to the health literacy of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.MethodsThis descriptive, qualitative study was conducted with 18 patients. Data were gathered via semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews. Content analysis was applied to the data. The results were reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).ResultsTwo themes emerged: ‘Floundering patients’; ‘Lackadaisical patients’. First theme involved four subthemes: ‘An enormous unmet need for information’; ‘The information source: The doctor’; ‘Communication issues’; ‘Preferences’. Second theme included two subthemes: ‘Dependence on doctor’ and ‘Dependence on others’.DiscussionTheme one revealed that patients found it difficult to evaluate the health information and assumed the doctor was the prime source of information, rather than other health professionals who might help provide the necessary education and counselling. Theme two was ‘lackadaisical patients’, who failed to access information, communicate with the healthcare provider, evaluate information, or take a role in the decision‐making process due to their complete trust in doctors and informal caregivers.ConclusionThese results suggested that nurses should play a role in the improvement of patients' health literacy, with the help of health information professionals.

Intelligent transport systems are essential factor of dealing with cities’ communication issues. Their implementation enables sustainable mobility planning. In consequence it reduces congestions and transport’s negative impact on the environment. In this article, with theoretical considerations in the background, has been presented piece of one the most intelligent transport system – OnTime application by Pixel.

Sociological theory suggests that media and other elements of community social systems mutually influence each other over time. Utilizing results from eight surveys conducted over an 8-year period and a content analysis of an urban daily newspaper, an analysis was conducted to examine the causal relationships among newspaper coverage of community issues, public concerns about them, and evaluations of related government services. The results showed that amount of newspaper coverage was related to higher levels of concern about community issues and poorer evaluations of government services. A time-series analysis indicated a 2-way effect between newspaper coverage and public concerns about the issues. Newspaper coverage of issues had a one-way effect on evaluations of government services, whereas evaluations had a one-way effect on public concerns.

The number of children in the United States who will lose a parent to AIDS is increasing. Permanency planning to help families affected by AIDS includes case management, mental health, medical care, child welfare, and legal services. These services are provided by a number of different professions, and have largely been reactive and noncoordinated. This article presents the efforts of one community in a midsize city to develop and implement a multidisciplinary coordinated plan for providing services to children affected by the illness or death of a parent from HIV/AIDS.

Round Table Discussion — Community Issues

ObjectivesIn Switzerland, in spite of a positive attitude towards organ donation, the population seems to overlook the public health messages about it. Based on a qualitative study on campaigns about organ donation, the article aims to give practical suggestions to prevent undesirable effects in public health communication. MethodsThe study provides a linguistic analysis of the messages about organ donation produced by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. Such a method enables us to understand who communicates what, to whom, how and what for, and gives us empirical data to discuss ethical concerns in relation to the effects of public health messages. ResultsThe analysis shows that the messages, apart from those relying on the expertise of healthcare professionals, are based on the representation of lay persons. The latter strategy generates the depiction of imagined communities. ConclusionsBeyond the usual concerns relating to organ donation (e.g., consent, altruism), the analysis of FOPH messages indicates that ethical issues in public health communication are grounded on three relational dimensions (intersubjectivity, cooperation and equity). Practice implicationsA procedure assessing the ethical concerns of public health communication in terms of social identities and relational consequences could identify and prevent problems relating to the undesirable effects of messages. Availability of data and materialsThe datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request