Communication Models: Tools for Understanding Conflicts in Global Digital Communication

It is expected that an organization will conduct a communication process in building a culture. The management of a company presents some policies and responsibilities through verbal and non-verbal messages continuously. It aims to shape a safety culture behaviour for the organization members of the company themselves. Research of the internal and external organizational communication influences the effort to improve Safety Culture through conceptual system or communication model. In addition, it also aims to improve the influence of risk and K3 communication including in the implementation of Safety Culture in PT. XYZ’s work environment. This study used quantitative method in order to easily understand communication process in internal and external organizational communication. There are 162 respondents used as sample in this research. The data sampling technique uses Probability Sampling method with Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The analysis method that was used first for linear regression analysis was normality test. Then, the researchers conducted a validity and reliability test. The hypothesis test used significance test simultaneously and partial significance test. The research data was analysed through the SPSS 24 software. This test was conducted by seeing the value of F that was present in ANOVA table, significance level that was used was 0,05. Climate and satisfactory in communication developed a measurement in safety culture comprehensively that included safety culture instruments that was categorized into independent variables (X). It included safety culture indicators, safety culture climate, safety management system or situational, safety behaviour, and organizational communication.

Having and developing internal communication strategies and procedures has become a mandatory activity in all modern companies, no matter the size. But more than that, the need of employees to consider themselves involved in the communication process and the internal feedback given to the management is considered a must for the development of a positive workplace culture. The current paper aims to understand the perception of employees regarding the internal communication process of their companies. This article presents, form a literature review perspective the concept and importance of internal communication, as well as from a practical point of view the results of a questionnaire based research (part of a larger research) of how the communication process works inside their companies and what their perceptions are about internal communication. Using mostly a Likert scale assessment method of multiple items we found that the respondents have a positive perception on the internal communication process undertaken in their companies, but with certain limitations.

International and intercultural communication and their respective cognate constructs, political international and cultural international communication, are redefined and interrelated in order to create a clearer definitional base for theory building in communication among nations and peoples. International communication is any symbolic interaction between people of different nation states. Political international communication is politically significant symbolic internation between nation states. Intercultural communication is communication between people of different cultures in which cultural values are an obvious factor in the nature of the interaction and/or determining the outcome of the interaction. Cultural international communication is intercultural communication between people of different nation states. There are four advantages of this model over existing constructs. The model: (1) unifies yet distinguishes among each different type of communication (2) focuses attention on political signific...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence the success of internal communication in Spanish companies, specifically the importance of the channels used, activities conducted through ISM and the role played by the communication professional.Design/methodology/approachThe model employed argues that to obtain success in internal communication, three factors are considered necessary: first, communication professionals must participate in strategic decisions; second, they have to use together social media channel and classical channel to communicate with employees; and finally they must choose which activities they carry out during the use of social media. These elements are developed in the literature review. To research practices of internal digital communications and level of success of internal communication across types of organizations, a quantitative survey between professionals from Spanish companies was conducted.FindingsThe results revealed that the hierarchical level, participation in the strategic decision process and dedication of the communication practitioner, alongside with the use of face-to-face and online communication channels, and the perceived importance of communication activities conducted through social media platforms are the key factors that influence the quality of internal communication. However, no significant relationship between the level of success and the use of social media channels was found.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study has several limitations that should be noted and addressed in future research. The main limitation lies in the fact that the dependent variable – success in communication – is entirely based on communication professionals’ perceptions. Replication studies can be conducted to cross-validate the results obtained from this study using business outcome metrics to measure the communication effectiveness. A further limitation is related to the sampling procedure. Obtaining a representative sample of communications professionals in Spanish companies poses a number of limitations due to the impossibility of having accurate data on the total population.Practical implicationsThe findings of the current study provide important implications for public relations professionals on what (i.e. the content) and how to (i.e. the channels) communicate within an organization. In general, internal communicators should move from historical roles as information producers and distributors to advisory roles in strategic decision making. Additionally, the implementation and use of ISM should be carefully revaluated. Communication practitioners should examine and address the difficulties involved in choosing the correct channels, devoting the necessary time to their adequate management, analyzing employees’ feedback and improving the engagement.Originality/valueThe study shows that internal communication practices in Spanish companies are changing. The model used in this research can be applied in an individual organization to evaluate what factors improve the communication of its employees and carry out additional research in other countries or types of organizations to identity new challenges.

As my country's top-level cooperation initiative, the "Belt and Road Initiative" covers the Eurasian continent. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that in promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road", strengthening "people-to-people connectivity" is the key and foundation, and culture is the soul and life that promotes "people-to-people connectivity". Only through external cultural communication can the "Belt and Road" be better enhanced The appeal and influence of the initiative in countries along the route. It can be said that cultural exchanges serve as bridges and ties in connecting people. The implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative not only accelerates the process of Chinese culture "going out", but also expands the influence of Chinese culture through exchanges and mutual learning. force. Chinese martial arts, as a traditional Chinese physical culture that "integrates human beings, intellectual nature, truth and goodness, and both internal and external", accurately disseminating Chinese martial arts not only promotes the effective implementation of the people-to-people bonds policy in the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, but also enables Chinese martial arts to carry " The Belt and Road Initiative "tells Chinese stories well", "spreads the voice of China well" and interprets China's excellent culture to people around the world. It can also continuously optimize and reconstruct "credible, respectable and lovable" in the international dissemination of Chinese martial arts. image of China. This study uses literature, historical research, case analysis, text analysis and other research methods to first divide the stages of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, and secondly to sort out the context of the international spread of Chinese martial arts and find out the reasons for the international spread of Chinese martial arts. The overall trends and characteristics are analyzed, and then the status quo and difficulties of Chinese martial arts communication paths in the "One Belt and One Road" countries are analyzed to build a precise communication path. The following main conclusions are drawn through the research:

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the communication process in the implementation of the BUMDes program in Pantae Village. This research is a type of qualitative research using Organizational Communication Theory in a policy implementation approach, which looks at the communication process within the organization, namely internal communication as well as external communication. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and document study. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman's model. The results obtained are that the internal communication process seen from vertical communication is still not running well, instructions for tasks and work from the head of BUMDes to BUMDes executives are not carried out and communication in terms of reporting and accountability is not carried out properly. Horizontal communication in the implementation of the BUMDes program has been carried out well, the process of delivering messages is carried out well, but there are obstacles in the form of frequency for communicating which are still lacking. In the context of external communication carried out by BUMDes, it was found that the communication process between BUMDes and the Inspectorate of TTU Regency had been carried out properly and in the form of formal communication, the obstacle encountered was the inability of BUMDes officials in compiling financial accountability reports which resulted in obstruction of the communication process. While the results of research related to BUMDes communication with the community, it was found that the communication process was not carried out properly. The low level of community participation is caused by the fact that the communication that is built is not participative communication.

The urgency of studying the problems of rights and freedoms in the information and communication activities of modern humans is determined by the fact that they exist due to the spread of all new knowledge through the growing functionality of digital information and communication technologies and information processing systems. It begins to rethink the role and significance of the country's information resource. At the same time, the very concept of "information" from the category, which for centuries characterized the system of knowledge, is transforming. The purpose of the study is the conceptualization of rights and freedoms in the information and communication activities of a modern person, which is conditioned by the dissemination of new knowledge through the use of functional capabilities of digital information and communication technologies and information processing systems. Tasks of the research: analysis of technological, ideological and legal problems of the global information and communication space; definition of the conceptual-categorical apparatus of the research - "information", "knowledge", "information security", "jurisdiction of states in the conditions of globalization", "monopolization of legal force" and their influence on the development of information and communication activities of society; formation of the directions of increase of the state information and communication activity of Ukraine for realization of constitutional rights of citizens; consider information law as a science, which allows a new way to consider communication processes that have infocommunication technological horizontals and based on the understanding of the resource of knowledge. The analysis of the latest research and publications that initiated the solution of this problem: the use of articles by O. Dzhoban, O. Sosnin "Information security: new dimensions of threats associated with the intensification of international activities in the field of information and communication"; O. Dovhan "Information resources: national and state, content, concept"; Y.Mastyanitsya, O. Sosnin, L.Shymansky "Information Resources of Ukraine: Problems of Public Administration; M. Ozhevan "National Competitive Exploration in a Globalized World: New Challenges and Threats Against the Background of the" Snowden Case ". The methodology of the research is systematic, structural, structural and functional methods, which allowed to structure the problems and to identify functional relationships between them. Scientific novelty - in the formulation of the very problem - rights and freedoms in the information and communication activities of the modern person. Results of the research: the issue of training specialists for the legislative definition of the problems of information and communication, analytical, informational and advocacy and management work in the information sphere; The main information and communication threats to the safety of innovation processes in Ukraine were identified. The conclusion is to create conditions for addressing the security problems of information and communication activities in the implementation of the latest ICT

Purpose of Study: The aim of this paper was to provide a model of internal communication for a technical faculty.
 Methodology: This was a descriptive-analytic study, small ways of communicating were identified, then their logical model was prepared in such a way that it included all types of communication and a comprehensive model for internal communication.
 Results: The results showed that in order to have a successful internal communication in a technical university, a model for internal communication should be developed.
 Implications/Applications: In the proposed model, it was pointed out that internal communication should include student communication with all components of education. The best kind of communication was also considered as two-way communication.

Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of current trends like the development of digital communication channels and a greater focus on sustainability, together with external pressures such as a growing electricity crisis on how internal communication is practiced, by using South African internal communication as context. Design/methodology/approach Two rounds of qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior internal communication practitioners and consultants to provide a robust view of the research problem. Findings It was found that external pressures and trends were viewed as more important than incorporating the broader definition of sustainability into the practice of internal communication. It became clear that internal communication must negotiate seemingly opposing demands like moving to digital communication, while facing electricity shortages and balancing economic pressures with stakeholder inclusion in messages. The findings suggest that internal communication cement organisational survival but should embody the environmental and social elements of sustainability. Originality/value The study contributes new insights to the importance of internal communication during crisis times, like the energy crisis in this study. Internal communication should embody the wider sustainability discussion during periods when challenging external forces are at work.

The study aims to explain what dimensions of the satisfaction of Croatian police officers with internal feedback are predictors of their readiness to explain their actions to citizens. The survey was conducted in 2020 on a convenience sample of 1260 police officers. The questionnaire measures satisfaction with feedback as one of eight dimensions of satisfaction with internal communication and police legitimacy in two dimensions of police and citizen interaction: accountability (citizens) – attitude and behaviour. The purpose is to compare feedback in internal and external police communication and examine to what extent the satisfaction of police officers with feedback contributes to the understanding of their attitudes and behaviour towards explaining actions to citizens. The results indicate the weak predictive power of variables that measure satisfaction with feedback in understanding the attitudes and behaviour of police officers related to explaining their actions to citizens. However, when introduced into the predictor model that contains the criterion variable "Behaviour related to explaining police actions to citizens" is the variable of attitude, the proportion of the variance explained increases significantly. The contribution of the paper is an analysis of the connection between internal and external communication of police officers in Croatia, and communication research is extremely important in police organizations in transition countries that undergo a transition from the traditional policing models to citizen-oriented policing models. A limitation of the paper is that only one aspect of internal communication has been examined in isolation. Therefore, new research should examine the complex nature of internal communication within a police organization in the context of the quality of police officers' relations with citizens, especially in relation to the willingness to explain police actions, as an important dimension of trust in the police.

The new approach about knowledge-based economy results in an increased demand for knowledge and communicative workers who are capable of higherorder thinking and reasoning to solve intricate problems in the work place. There is a need to build more cost-effective and efficient workplace learning and communication environments to meet both individual and organizational objectives. E-learning, defined as instructional, communicative content and learning experiences delivered by electronic technologies, including the Internet, intranets, extranets in this paper successfully breaks limitations of time, space and creates benefits, including reduced costs, regulatory compliance, meeting business needs and retraining of employees. This paper aims to discover to what extents internal communication using elearning assists organizational learning. Internal communication management seeks to achieve support from internal stakeholders through building two-way which is designed open, trusting and credible relationship with employees constituencies will follow. All employees feel valued and are supported in developing their knowledge, skills and potential. They are engaged at the earliest possible in influencing organizational decisions, sharing informations, learning and problem solving. E-learning, as a new internal communication tool, supplies communications processes up, down and across the organization which everyone understand clearly and can access readily. In this study, following a review of the internal and organizational communication literature, an empirical study was designed to evaluate the essences of experience relating to communication and e-learning within public and private organizations. A representative sample of employees will be interviewed with a questionnaire. Transcripts of interviews will be analyzed, coded and the essences of experience will collectively be synthesized in the description. Findings will be compared with the literature.

The article was intended to investigate various benefits of Whatsapp Messenger application for an effective intenal communication in PT Euro Management Indonesia. In addition, this research also aimed to map the organizational internal communication pattern through the use of Whatsapp Messenger application. The research used theories of organizaional communication, new media communication pattern, and computer mediated communication (CMC). Moreover, paradigm used in the research was constructivist with qualitative approach and the research method was case study. The research result finds that the use of new media Whatsapp Messenger as a tool of communication can build effective internal communication in PT Euro Management Indonesia. Moreover, it also shows that the internal organizational communication pattern in PT Euro Management Indonesia used in Whatsapp Messenger application is conversation pattern.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how digital communication tools are used for internal communication (IC) in multinational corporations (MNCs). Specifically, the study illustrates the role of digital channels in IC, the benefits they bring and the difficulties involved in using them. Design/methodology/approach – This research features a single-case study focusing on a listed Finnish multinational industrial corporation with a long history. Data for the study come from semi-structured theme interviews and a workshop in which the results were discussed. Findings – Digital IC tools are able to facilitate IC in MNCs, although some challenges may arise in relation to planning their utilization. Related to the role of digital channels in IC, these findings highlight the importance of face-to-face channels in everyday IC and the role of digital channels as more formal communication channels. Research limitations/implications – This paper focuses on a single organization. Additional research would be required to attain generalizable results. Practical implications – The effective use of new digital communication tools requires common guidelines across all areas of an MNC. Despite the great potential of new tools, the importance of face-to-face communication should not be ignored. Originality/value – Most of the research on IC in MNCs was conducted before the digital communications era. Recent advances in information technology have created new challenges and opportunities for IC.

Communication in organizations is essential to be competitive in a global world that is constantly changing. Internal communication in particular can be a very effective and useful strategic tool to improve organizational effectiveness through employee motivation and satisfaction. The analysis shows that internal communication in organizations directly influences job satisfaction and also indirectly, through workplace motivation, giving workplace motivation a mediating role. Therefore, it is important for organizations to invest in effective internal communication strategies to promote employee motivation and satisfaction, recognizing motivation as a key mediator in the relationship between internal communication and job satisfaction.

The aims of this study were to portrait and understand a communication model for farmer community empowerment in the field and development efforts for the success of the farming community in the future. This study use constructivistic qualitative-interpretive paradigm. By understanding the phenomena that occur in the communication process in Lestari Makmur mushroom farmer group, identify important categories and construct as a portrait communication model. Based on the portrait of communication model, researchers tried to find alternative communication model for the future successfully of the farmer groups. This study has found an early model, which describes a communication model of mushroom farmer community empowerment that tend to be authoritarian. The leader of the farmer groups dominate in many things. It has been found two alternative community empowerment communication model: 1) Communication model of farmer community empowerment with the professional assistance, 2) Communication model of farmer community empowerment with democratic leadership. It was concluded that the communication model of empowerment should be directed at the professional assistance, and for the future sustainability of the group, they are directed at the communication model with democratic leadership. It is important to suggest to the farmer groups about the substantive of community empowerment, to understand on a mushroom farmer groups that responsibility is not only the cultivation of course, there are still many things to be done as a group of farmers to be more advanced in the future.