Comparative analysis of various machine learning algorithms for ransomware detection

Landslide disaster risk reduction necessitates the investigation of different geotechnical causal factors for slope failures. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been proposed to study causal factors across many application areas. However, the development of ensemble ML techniques for identifying the geotechnical causal factors for slope failures and their subsequent prediction has lacked in literature. The primary goal of this research is to develop and evaluate novel feature selection methods for identifying causal factors for slope failures and assess the potential of ensemble and individual ML techniques for slope failure prediction. Twenty-one geotechnical causal factors were obtained from 60 sites (both landslide and non-landslide) spread across a landslide-prone area in Mandi, India. Relevant causal factors were evaluated by developing a novel ensemble feature selection method that involved an average of different individual feature selection methods like correlation, information-gain, gain-ratio, OneR, and F-ratio. Furthermore, different ensemble ML techniques (Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost (AB), Bagging, Stacking, and Voting) and individual ML techniques (Bayesian network (BN), decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM)) were calibrated to 70% of the locations and tested on 30% of the sites. The ensemble feature selection method yielded six major contributing parameters to slope failures: relative compaction, porosity, saturated permeability, slope angle, angle of the internal friction, and in-situ moisture content. Furthermore, the ensemble RF and AB techniques performed the best compared to other ensemble and individual ML techniques on test data. The present study discusses the implications of different causal factors for slope failure prediction.

We are living in a connected world which encompasses various types of devices and networks. The most widely used network in modern age is Internet of Things (IoT). It is a type of network where IOT devices can communicate with each other without human intervention. The life of people is transformed with the evolution of smart city, smart home concepts. The areas are not limited. It ranges from healthcare, medical, transportation to banking, smart grid, agriculture. It has transformed the lives of people by providing ease and comfort of completing the tasks in less time with less overhead. However, there is a negative side of IoT and that is it lacks the implementation of sound and effective security measures. There are various risks associated with use of IoT. Some of them are risk of unauthorized access of data, node spoofing and different cyber-attacks like denial of service (DoS), Botnet, Ransom ware, eavesdropping, zero day attack. So, the main concern addressed here is how to detect intrusions into the network using Machine Learning. Machine Learning (ML) plays an important role in designing of intrusion detection systems to detect the anomalies in the network. The ML techniques are very efficient in detection of different types of cyber-attacks. This paper presents the review of different ML techniques in detection of intrusions into IoT networks. Different ML techniques like Random Forest, Neural Network, support vector machine etc. are useful in detection of anomalies in the network. Different datasets like UNSW-NB 15, CICIDS-2017, KDD-99, NSL-KDD, TON_IoT and ECU-IOHT are available which consists of data related to different types of cyber-attacks and are used to form intrusion detection systems. This paper presents the application of different ML algorithms in detection of abnormalities in the network, comparative analysis of different feature selection and machine learning techniques along with challenges and issues present in traditional intrusion detection systems(IDS) in IOT networks.

One of the most serious diseases affecting people is heart disease, which also contributes significantly to the increasing death rate. Recently, Machine Learning (ML) methods have been utilized to detect and identify several types of heart disease, these methods can assist in enhancing the accuracy of heart disease classification. In this research, total ten machine learning (ML) models that’s are used, the first ML technique is Random Forest (rf) second ML technique is Decision Tree (dt), third is Support Vector Machine (svm) fourth ML techniques is K-Nearest Neighbors (knn), fifth ML technique is Logistics Regression (lr) and respectively Extra Trees Classifier (et), Gradient Boosting Classifier (gbc), Naive Bayes (nb), Ridge Classifier (ridge) and tenth ML technique is Linear Discriminant Analysis (ldr) are implemented. In addition, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) feature assortment method is used to find the significant features and enhance the efficiency of detecting heart disease using two text-based datasets. Finally, a detailed comparison will be implemented to presented that after smearing the feature selection method to recognize the most efficient model for detecting heart disease and then specify its severity. Some parameters, including accurateness, exactness, recollection, and F1-score, are offered to comparation the efficiency of each classifier. The actual outcomes of this research that improved the classification accurateness.

This paper presented three disease diagnosis systems using pattern recognition based on genetic algorithm (GA) and neural networks. All systems dealt with feature selection and classification. GA chose subsets of features for the input of the classifier (neural network) and the accuracy of the classifier determined the percentage of effectiveness of each subset of features. The classifiers using in this paper were general regression neural network (GRNN), radial basis function (RBF) and radial basis network exact fit (RBEF). It uses breast cancer and hepatitis disease datasets taken from UCI machine learning database as medical dataset. The system performances were estimated by classification accuracy and they were compared with similar methods without feature selection. Key words: Pattern recognition, genetic algorithm, neural networks, classification.

Data security is regarded to be one of the crucial challenges in this fast-growing internet world. Data generated through internet is exposed to various types of vulnerabilities and exploits. Security mechanisms such as Intrusion Detection System (IDS) are designed to detect various types of vulnerabilities and attacks. Various Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques are used for building IDS. In this paper, we aim to build Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based IDS for attack detection and classification. DNN technique has certain challenges such as complex network structure, co-adaptation of feature vectors, over-fitting, to name a few. We aim to address these challenges by using AntiRectifier layer and variants of dropout namely, Standard dropout, Gaussian dropout, and Gaussian Noise. In this paper, we have evaluated DNN-based IDS using NSL-KDD, UNSW_NB-15 and CIC-IDS-2017 dataset. The experimental results show that DNN-based IDS with AntiRectifier layer outperforms compared to ML techniques such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) and variants of dropout namely, Standard dropout, Gaussian dropout, and Gaussian noise in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, f-score, and false positive rate.

Cybersecurity in modern systems, particularly in the context of space systems and network infrastructure, faces increasing challenges due to the sophistication and variety of attacks. To effectively secure such systems, it is crucial to implement robust detection and monitoring methods that can identify malicious activity in real-time. This study explores the application of machine learning techniques, particularly random forest and feature selection methods like particle swarm optimization (PSO), to enhance cybersecurity measures. The AWID2 dataset, sourced from IEEE 802.11 wireless networks, was utilized to simulate real-world network conditions and different types of attacks, including impersonation, injection, and flooding. The research focused on pre-processing the dataset through normalization and scaling, followed by feature extraction using principal component analysis (PCA) and feature selection using PSO. The performance of the system was evaluated by training a random forest classifier, demonstrating its ability to effectively differentiate between normal and attack traffic. The findings suggest that the combination of these techniques can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of attack detection systems, offering insights into how machine learning can be integrated into cybersecurity strategies for space and network infrastructures.

Diabetes is a major chronic syndrome caused by a series of metabolic abnormalities in which blood glucose levels are abnormally high for an indeterminate amount of time. It influences various organs in the human body, resulting in a variety of complex diseases such as stroke, renal disease, pulmonary embolism, eyesight, and so on. Diabetes Disorders (DD) are presently one of the healthcare top causes of mortality. Predictive analytics in the health care system is a huge obstacle, but if accurate early prediction is achieved, the potential risk and degree of diabetes may be significantly decreased. Machine learning (ML) techniques are now used to analyze medical datasets at an earlier stage of life in keeping people safe. In this research, we utilized several ML approaches notably Logistic Regression, Decision Tree (DT), XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) on PIMA Indian Diabetes Dataset in order to monitor and evaluate their performances in diabetes prediction. The performance of the various ML algorithms employed in this research suggests which algorithm is most suitable in diabetes prediction. It is observed that among all the models XGBoost had outperformed the other ML techniques with an accuracy of 80.73% while SVM was the second-best performing model with a classification accuracy of 80.21%. Thus, employing ML techniques, this study aims to assist doctors as well as clinicians in the early detection of diabetes.

Development of advanced hybrid computational model for description of molecular separation in liquid phase via polymeric membranes

PurposeThis study aims to emphasize utilization of Predictive Six Sigma to achieve process improvements based on machine learning (ML) techniques embedded in define, measure, analyze, improve, control (DMAIC). With this aim, this study presents selection and utilization of ML techniques, including multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), random forests (RF), gradient boosting machines (GBM) and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) in the analyze and improve phases of Six Sigma DMAIC.Design/methodology/approachA data set containing 320 observations with nine input and one output variables is used. To achieve the objective which was to decrease the number of fabric defects, five ML techniques were compared in terms of prediction performance and best tools were selected. Next, most important causes of defects were determined via these tools. Finally, parameter optimization was conducted for minimum number of defects.FindingsAmong five ML tools, ANN, GBM and RF are found to be the best predictors. Out of nine potential causes, “machine speed” and “fabric width” are determined as the most important variables by using these tools. Then, optimum values for “machine speed” and “fabric width” for fabric defect minimization are determined both via regression response optimizer and ANN surface optimization. Ultimately, average defect number was decreased from 13/roll to 3/roll, which is a considerable decrease attained through utilization of ML techniques in Six Sigma.Originality/valueAddressing an important gap in Six Sigma literature, in this study, certain ML techniques (i.e. MLR, ANN, RF, GBM and k-NN) are compared and the ones possessing best performances are used in the analyze and improve phases of Six Sigma DMAIC.

In the developing world, cancer death is one of the major problems for humankind. Even though there are many ways to prevent it before happening, some cancer types still do not have any treatment. One of the most common cancer types is breast cancer, and early diagnosis is the most important thing in its treatment. Accurate diagnosis is one of the most important processes in breast cancer treatment. In the literature, there are many studies about predicting the type of breast tumors. In this research paper, data about breast cancer tumors from Dr. William H. Walberg of the University of Wisconsin Hospital were used for making predictions on breast tumor types. Data visualization and machine learning techniques including logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, naïve Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and rotation forest were applied to this dataset. R, Minitab, and Python were chosen to be applied to these machine learning techniques and visualization. The paper aimed to make a comparative analysis using data visualization and machine learning applications for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Diagnostic performances of applications were comparable for detecting breast cancers. Data visualization and machine learning techniques can provide significant benefits and impact cancer detection in the decision-making process. In this paper, different machine learning and data mining techniques for the detection of breast cancer were proposed. Results obtained with the logistic regression model with all features included showed the highest classification accuracy (98.1%), and the proposed approach revealed the enhancement in accuracy performances. These results indicated the potential to open new opportunities in the detection of breast cancer.

This paper discusses a novel hybrid approach to text classification that integrates a machine learning algorithm along with DistilBERT, a pre-trained deep learning framework for natural language processing, offers a base model fine-tuned on Indian Banking News-Events with a rule-based method that is used by filtering false positives and dealing with false negatives to enhance the results given by the previous classifier. The major benefit is that by incorporating unique rules for certain chaotic or overlapping categories that have not been effectively trained, the system can be quickly fine-tuned. This research also compares the effectiveness of state-of-art deep contextual language representation DistilBERT used in our proposed hybrid model with the most preferred context independent language representation TFIDF, on supervised learning of the classification of multiclass Banking News-Events. Both representations are fed into the machine learning classifiers, Logistic Regression, Linear SVC, Decision Tree, and Random Forest. The findings indicate that DistilBERT can better transfer generic domain knowledge to other domains as compared to the baseline TFIDF and results into higher accuracy with Random Forest. The result is further fed into the Rules based method as per our proposed model. And, our proposed hybrid model resulted into improved accuracy.

Due to cyberattacks and various strategies, phishing websites are a problem on the Internet. One of these cyberattacks is phishing, in which the attacker pretends to be a trusted party to get sensitive and confidential information. Blacklisting, heuristic search, and visual similarity are just a few of the anti-phishing strategies that have been used to identify fraudulent activity. Machine learning (ML) techniques appear to be a beacon in the gloom of phishing websites, in contrast to these traditional methods, which take a long time to detect and have a high false rate. By introducing a novel features selection method in this article, it is possible to extract highly correlated features from datasets, thereby increasing the accuracy of classifiers over all features. Eight classifiers—Support vector machine (SVM kernel linear and rbf), Logistic regression (LR), Random forest (RF), Adaboost, Decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and Gradient boosting (GBC)—as well as six feature selection techniques (Pearson, Chi-2, RFE, Logistics, Random Forest, and LightGBM) are used on phishing dataset with all features and feature selection methods. Comparing the results, it came to the conclusion that the random forest classifier and feature selection using the Chi-2 method have the potential to improve the model's accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed model reached as high as 96.99%.

Orthopedic patients have been increasing in hospital because of road traffic accidents, advanced age, a lack of exercise, inadequate nutrition, and other factors. The suggested article uses Machine Learning (ML) techniques to examine the patient reports. The ability to mimic the human actions is called ML. It is a subclass of AI that solves a number of healthcare-related issues. Here ML algorithms are used for health-related data. It solves a number of healthcare-related issues. ML is the process of a machine imitating intelligent human activities. It belongs to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) subclass. ML algorithms are used for medical data such as Logistic Regression, Support vector machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Network to predict orthopedic illnesses such as Normal, Hernia and Spondylolisthesis orthopedic. ML techniques have increased the speed and accuracy for diagnosis. The most serious and urgent cases require rapid care. It improves patient care by lowering human error and stress on medical staff. Our primary objective is to improve machine performance and decrease incorrect categorization.

The surge in ransomware attacks in recent years has elevated this malware to one of the foremost cybersecurity threats. This article presents a dynamic ransomware classification approach, leveraging the malware analysis environment provided by Cuckoo Sandbox and machine learning techniques. We introduce a methodology encompassing steps for malicious code sample collection, environment configuration for sample execution, data collection, and dataset construction for ransomware detection and experimentation. Six machine learning classifiers were employed to identify ransomware families and individual cases, furnishing valuable tools for threat detection. The results underscore the effectiveness of tree-based methods, such as Random Forests and Decision Trees, in delineating between different ransomware families.

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the activity-travel behaviour literature that employs Machine Learning (ML) techniques for empirical analysis and modelling. Machine Learning algorithms, which attempt to build intelligence utilizing the availability of large amounts of data, have emerged as powerful tools in the fields of pattern recognition and big data analysis. These techniques have been applied in activity-travel behaviour studies since the early ’90s when Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were employed to model mode choice decisions. AMOS, an activity-based modelling system developed in the mid-’90s, has ANN at its core to model and predict individual responses to travel demand management measures. In the dawn of 2000, ALBATROSS, a comprehensive activity-based travel demand modelling system, was proposed by Arentze and Timmermans using Decision Trees. Since then researchers have been exploring ML techniques like Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), Neural Networks (NN), Bayes Classifiers, and more recently, Ensemble Learners to model and predict activity-travel behaviour. A large number of publications over the years and an upward trend in the number of published articles over time indicate that Machine Learning is a promising tool for activity-travel behaviour analysis and prediction. This article, first of its kind in the literature, reviews these studies and explores the trends in activity-travel behaviour research that apply ML techniques. The review finds that mode choice decisions have received wide attention in the literature on ML applications. It was observed that most of the studies identify the lack of interpretability as a serious shortcoming in ML techniques. However, very few studies have attempted to improve the interpretability of the models. Further, some studies report the importance of feature engineering in ML-based studies, but very few studies adopt feature engineering before model development. Spatiotemporal transferability of models is another issue that has received minimal attention in the literature. In the end, the paper discusses possible directions for future research in the area of activity-travel behaviour modelling using ML techniques.